egypt tourist visa from ireland

Visa Information

Select the visa type that is right for you to see important information on visa fees, documents required, forms, photo specifications and processing times.

Atypical working scheme

Documents required, photo specifications, processing time, online application form.

• In most cases where a non-EEA national wishes to work in Ireland, he or she must apply to the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment (DETE) for an Employment Permit. DETE’s employment permit system is underpinned by the Employment Permits Acts.
• The Atypical Working Scheme (AWS) was developed by agreement between the Department of Justice and the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment (DETE), in order to facilitate specialised, highly-skilled employment of a short term nature (generally less than 90 days) that is not supported by current Employment Permit legislation. Following consultation with other Government Departments and Agencies (including the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, the Department of Health, and the Health Services Executive (HSE)), certain other employment situations are also supported by the Atypical Working Scheme.

Eligibility

Work permission under AWS is granted for a maximum of 90 days, except in the case of permission requested for the following reasons:

• Non-EEA Crew Member in the Irish Fishing Fleet (12 months)
• Doctor providing locum services in the Hospital Sector (6 months)
• Nurse seeking NMBI registration on the basis of overseas qualification (6 months)
• Paid internships where the position is an integral component (i.e. required for graduation) of studies in an accredited institution (maximum 12 months).

Some AWS permissions can be granted on more than one occasion, but this normally requires the person to leave the State between permissions. Permission is granted in a ‘block’ commencing on the first date of entry into the State and expiring after the time period identified above, regardless of the overall duration to be spent in the State in that time. Any exit from and re-entry to the State during a permission granted must occur within the period of that permission. If you do not fall under the above exceptions to the 90 day maximum permission granted under the AWS scheme and require more than 90 days permission in the State, you must make an application for an Employment Permit to the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment.

Permission granted under the AWS is for the sole purpose it was applied for. It is not transferable for any other role or purpose in the State. Permission granted under the Scheme is not reckonable when determining eligibility for Stamp 4 permission.

Family members may not accompany the person availing of this Scheme.

Prospective Irish-based host companies must be registered with the Company Registrations Office.

Please note that, with the exception of doctors working as a locum in the Primary Care (General Practice) or the Hospital Sector, only one permission under the Atypical Scheme can be granted in any twelve month period, and a gap of 12 months must exist between permissions granted. The twelve month ‘cooling-off’ period between permissions begins either (i) on the day of the expiry of the permission, or (ii) on the date on which the applicant last left the State, whichever date comes first. You cannot make a new application for permission under the Scheme until the end of this cooling-off period.

Please note that permission under the Atypical Working Scheme cannot be used as a ‘bridging permission’. This means that permission under the Scheme cannot be used to either:

• Allow a person to enter the State while they are awaiting an outcome or a decision on any other application to enter the State for any reason
• Allow a person to enter the State in order to apply for another permission to allow them to enter, remain, or work in the State.

In cases where information provided suggests that permission under the Atypical Working Scheme is intended to be used as a bridging permission, the application will not be granted, and any current permission under the Scheme may be rescinded.

Number 2 above does not apply to Nurses undertaking Clinical Adaptation or an RCSI (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland) Aptitude Test, who must apply for and receive their Employment Permit prior to the expiration of their permission under the Atypical Working Scheme permission.

All types of employment for which an application under the Atypical Working Scheme is submitted must comply with all relevant employment laws in the State, including National Minimum Wage requirements.

Your current passport must be valid for at least as long as the permission you are applying for under the Scheme. If your passport expires before the end of the permission you are applying for, your application will be refused.

Note: If you also need a visa to travel to Ireland, there may be additional requirements regarding the validity of your passport.

If you are currently resident in a country other than your country of nationality, you must also include details of the duration of this permission on the application form, and a copy of the relevant permission that you hold. Permission under the Atypical Working Scheme will not be granted for a longer duration than the expiry of your permission to remain in your country of residence.

Who is eligible to apply for permission under the Atypical Working Scheme?

You are eligible to apply for an Atypical Working Scheme permission if you are a non-EEA national who, in certain circumstances, is required by a company/organisation based in the State to undertake work:

• Where a skill shortage has been identified
• To provide a specialised or high skill to an industry, business or academic institution for a short period
• To facilitate a paid internship where the internship is either beneficial or integral (necessary for graduation) to the course being studied in respect of 3rd level students studying outside the State in approved/accredited institutions (medical and unpaid internships are not permissible)
• As a locum doctor employed and paid by an agency – hospital sector or primary care sector (general practice)
• Clinical adaptation and assessment programme/RCSI examination

Who is not eligible to apply for permission under the Atypical Working Scheme?

You are not eligible to apply for an Atypical Working Scheme permission if:

• You are already in the State
• Your proposed employment in the State is included on the list of  Ineligible Categories of Employment for Employment Permits administered by the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment
• You are entering the State for employment purposes of 14 calendar days or less
• You are entering the State for business purposes (to attend a meeting/seminar/conference, for a sales trip, etc.)
• You are eligible to avail of permission under the Van Der Elst Judgment (information on this can be found  here ).
• You can avail of the Highly Skilled Job interview authorisation initiative
• You are in possession of an Employment Permit issued by the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment, or are eligible to be granted an Employment Permit, or are waiting for an Employment Permit to be granted to you
• You are in possession of an Intra Company Transfer Employment Permit in another jurisdiction
• Your employment would impact on the 50/50 rule of the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment regarding employment of EEA and non-EEA nationals in an Irish based organisation (please refer to Section 12 of the Employment Permits (Amendment) Act 2014 for further information).

For more information on eligibility/ineligibility in relation to Employment Permits, please go to the website for the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment at  www.enterprise.gov.ie .

• you must pay a processing fee of €250 for each application under the Scheme by credit card when submitting your application. This is the final stage of the submission process.
• The application fee is non-refundable. Please be aware that, if payment of the application fee is not received in full, your application cannot be accepted or processed.

The contract of employment provided in support of any application must be signed, in ink, and dated by both parties, digitally inserted signature or date information will not be accepted. The contract of employment must be provided as a single scanned document and cannot include any handwritten text which cannot be verified as having been viewed and agreed to by both parties.

A letter of offer is not equivalent to a contract of employment in national employment law and cannot be accepted.

Should a contract of employment require resubmission for any reason, the updated contract of employment provided must be newly signed and dated by both employer and employee in order to demonstrate that all parties are aware of, and agree to, any amendments so made. Any amended pages of the contract must also be signed and dated by both parties.

Are you filling a vacancy for a skill shortage, for example an IT worker, an engineer, an actor?

This application category applies to:

• Non-EEA nationals who would normally require a Contract Service Provider (CSP) Employment Permit but the contract between the foreign employer and the Irish based host body is between 15 to 90 calendar days (inclusive and consecutive)
• Non-EEA nationals who would normally require an Intra-Company Transfer (Intra-CT) Employment Permit but the period of transfer of non-EEA senior management, key personnel or trainees from an overseas branch of a multinational corporation to its Irish based branch is between 15 to 90 calendar days (inclusive and consecutive).

If you are required to fill a vacancy where a skill shortage has been identified, for example as an engineer or IT worker, and the period of employment is between 15 and 90 days, you should complete the online application form and provide the following documents:

• A colour copy of your entire, up to date passport. This passport must be valid for at least the duration of the permission being sought
• A letter of authorisation, signed and dated by the applicant instructing that the representative may act on your behalf if someone is applying on your behalf
• A contract, signed and dated by the applicant and their employer outlining the terms of employment for the period in the State, including salary (with details of any allowances, benefits-in-kind, or ‘top-ups’ itemised separately), job description and duration of time in the State
• A letter from the Irish based host body confirming the offer of employment or the request for provision of services, outlining the job description, your salary in euro while in the State, and the duration of the contract
• A letter of support from any State-involved Agency such as the IDA or Enterprise Ireland where applicable.

Are you providing a specialised or high skill to an industry, a business or an academic institution, for example, a specialist engineer, an ICT professional?

If you are coming to the State to provide a specialised or high skill to an industry, a business or an academic institution, then you should complete the application form below. This form should be submitted together with the following documents:

• A letter of authorisation, signed by you instructing that the legal representative/agency may act on your behalf if a legal representative/agency is applying on your behalf
• A letter from the Irish based host body confirming the offer of employment/request for provision of services, outlining the job description, your salary in euro while in the State, and the duration of the contract

Do you intend to come to Ireland to facilitate a short-term paid internship?

You should complete the application form below and submit the form together with the following documents:

• A letter from the Irish based host body confirming the offer of an internship/short term employment contract, outlining the job description, your salary in euro while in the State, and the duration of the contract
• A letter from the academic institution confirming whether the internship is a beneficial or integral part of the degree course being undertaken by you and stating that you will be returning to your 3rd level institution on completion of the paid internship in this State.
• Your university must confirm that this internship will be beneficial to your current studies
• The role cannot be included on the list of  Ineligible Categories of Employment for Employment Permits administered by the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment
• The terms and conditions of employment, including level of salary, must comply with all relevant employment law, including National Minimum Wage requirements.
• The internship must be integral to your studies (required in order to allow you to graduate)
• The terms and conditions of employment, including level of salary, must comply with all relevant employment law, including national minimum wage requirements.

Note: Medical internships and unpaid internships are excluded from the Atypical Working Scheme.

Please note that applications for permission to enter the State for an internship that qualify for an Internship Employment Permit must be submitted to the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment.

Are you coming to the State to work as a locum doctor in the primary care (GP) sector or hospital sector?

If you are coming to the State to work as a locum doctor in the Primary Care Sector/General Practice or if you are being employed in the Hospital Sector, you should complete the application form below and submit the form together with the following documents:

• Evidence of your registration with the Medical Council of Ireland
• A letter confirming the offer of employment from the Irish based host body, outlining the job description, your salary in euro while in the State, and the duration of the contract
• Additional documentation requirements as noted in the links below.

For further information on work as a locum doctor in the Primary Care (GP) Sector, please see  here .

For further information on work as a locum doctor in the Hospital Sector, please see  locum .

Are you coming to the State to compete the appropriate Clinical Adaptation Process to allow you to work as a Registered General Nurse (RGN) in the State?

The Department of Justice, Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment, Department of Health and Children and the Health Service Executive (HSE) agreed that the AWS would include nurses and/or midwives who come to the State to undertake the Clinical Adaptation and Assessment programme or a Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) examination. If you are coming to the State to complete either of these, you should complete the application form below and provide the following documents:

• A colour copy of your entire up-to-date passport. This passport must be valid for at least the duration of the permission being sought
• A letter of authorisation where someone is applying on your behalf. This letter must be signed and dated by you instructing that the representative may act on your behalf
• A copy of your contract of employment, signed by both you and your employer, which outlines the dates of your employment, your salary in Euro, and the location of your employment. This contract must be of a minimum two year duration
• A letter from the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland confirming your acceptance to the Clinical Adaptation process. This letter must remain valid until such time as you have completed your Clinical Adaptation or RCSI Aptitude Test
• A letter from the hospital employing you confirming the dates of the Clinical Adaptation process you are undertaking OR confirmation of your examination dates with the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI).

For further information on registering to work as nurse in the State, please  see here .

Please note that an approval in this case is only to allow you to complete the Clinical Adaptation process or sit the RCSI Aptitude Test and apply for an Employment Permit allowing you to work as a nurse. It does not grant permission to work in the State until an Employment Permit has been granted.

The Atypical Working Scheme does not grant permission to undertake a period of Clinical Adaptation for any other role than that of Registered Nurse.

Do you want to work as a non-EEA crew member of the Irish fishing fleet?

If you are a trained sea fisher and want to work on licensed and registered fishing vessels in the Polyvalent, Beamer and specific segments of the Irish Fishing Fleet for vessels more than 15 metres in length, you should complete the application form below and provide the following documents:

• A copy of your written contract of employment for 12 months. The contract must be certified by a practicing solicitor in compliance with the conditions for the employment of non-EEA crew members. The employment contract must be lodged with the Central Depository (CDPA) for Sea-Fishing Boats at the  National Seafood Centre , Clonakilty, Co Cork. Each contract will be given a unique identifying number by CPD. This number must be stated on your Atypical Working Scheme application form. The date of commencement of this contract of employment must be such that the crew member has sufficient time to apply for, and receive permission under the Atypical Working Scheme, and any visa, if required, prior to the commencement of the contract.
• A copy of the letter issued by the CDPA stating unique identifier.

For further information on your application, please see  here .

Please provide two recent photographs (not more than 6 months old) of yourself. The photographs should be in color and:

• Taken against a light background (white or off-white) so that features are distinguishable and contrast against the background
• Clear share quality and with the face in focus.
• Printed on normal photographic paper (camera print).
• Full face, non-smiling (without sunglasses, a hat/cap or other head covering, unless the applicant wears such items because of their religious belief or ethnic background).
• Please stick the Photograph on the Visa Application Form.

Note: Please follow these instructions carefully. If photographs presented do not meet these requirements your application will be considered incomplete. Photo booth meeting these requirements is available at the centre.

Applications are processed in date order. You are advised not to purchase travel tickets before you know the outcome of your visa application.

For most Short Stay visas, you can expect a decision within 8 weeks. Applications for Long Stay visas may take longer.

Your application may also take longer if:

• You have not submitted the necessary supporting documentation
• Your supporting documentation needs to be verified
• Because of personal circumstances, e.g. you have a criminal conviction
• You can check the processing times for the visa office, embassy or consulate that is handling your application on their website. If your application is being processed by the Dublin visa office, you can check the date of the applications currently being processed on the  visa decisions page.

Note: Processing times can change during the year, e.g. before holiday periods. You are advised not to pay for a travel ticket before you receive a decision on your visa.

The application form for Ireland visa needs to be filled online. To launch an online application form please click  here .

An application can only be processed when the on-line form is completed and the required backing documentation, passport photograph and appropriate fee are received by the relevant office as indicated by the on-line system.

It is no longer possible to apply using a downloaded / paper application form.

If you wish to come to Ireland to reside for longer than 3 months you can apply for a long stay visa.

WHO SHOULD APPLY?

All Egyptian passport holders require a visa to come and reside in Ireland.

If you are not an Egyptian passport holder, please follow this link in order to ascertain whether you require a visa to travel to Ireland: Click Here

Dear Applicants, please be advised, that you have to come in person to apply for Irish visa, in case of a minor – one of the parents has to apply.

Some applicants are required to pay a visa fee, while others are exempt. Please refer here for information

VFS Service Fees and Scanning Documents: EGP 2210

Certain categories of applicants are exempt from visa fees.

• Holders of official and diplomatic passports travelling on official business
• Spouse and dependent children of Irish/EEA/Swiss Nationals
• Exit visas for adoptive children going back to Ireland with their Irish parents
• Children and their requisite carers travelling to Ireland under the auspices of the Chernobyl Rest and Recuperation Scheme.
• Programme Refugees (within the meaning of the Refugee Act 1996)

The above list is not exhaustive, but it gives an indication of some of the main categories that are exempt.

In addition, applicants from the countries listed below don't have to pay a visa fee:

Applicable visa fee, can be paid in Egyptian Pound as per the current exchange rate and may be subject to change without notice.

VFS service fee (inclusive of VAT) is charged per visa application, in addition to the applicable visa fee. If you are not required to pay a visa application fee you will be required to pay the VFS service fee only.

All fees can be paid in Cash or by Credit/Debit Card only in EGP at VAC.

All fees are non-refundable.

• Please note that ‘Multiple entry’ visas are only granted by the Embassy of Ireland in limited circumstances. To qualify for a Multiple Entry visa, applicants must have held at least two previous single journey visas to Ireland and prove they did not overstay, (i.e. entry/exit stamps in their passports). If an applicant wrongly applies for a multiple entry visa, we will not refund the difference if a single entry visa is granted. Please advise applicants that fees must be paid in the exact amount as stated above. Payments will not be refunded if they withdraw their application or if their application is refused.

To speed up the time during your submission please do not glue or fasten documents with paper clips or staples

• Fully completed and signed visa application form
• Current passport with at least 12 months validity remaining and four clear pages
• Previous Passports (if any)
• Two colour passport photographs (one to be glued to the top left of your application form)
• Copy of Work Permit or Green Card
• Letter from employer in Ireland on headed paper confirming details of the job you will take up and the salary you will be paid. Please also provide a copy of your contract.
• A C.V. showing you have the experience / qualifications required for the position. Contact details should be provided for any employments mentioned.
• Copy of marriage certificate, birth certificates of children, car/property ownership certificates if any
• Proof of the possession of travel/health insurance
• If you have been refused a visa for any other country, details of this must be given. Submit a copy of the letter issued to you by the authorities of that country. Concealment of visa refusals will result in your Irish visa application being refused.

Please be advised, that all documents in a language different from English must be followed by a notarized translation into English.

Along with your application form you are required to submit the supporting documents detailed in the link below.

• The photograph for each visa applicant must be an un-mounted, full face photo, color photo as described below
• The photograph must have been taken within the last six months.
• 1 photo must be submitted.

The photo for each visa applicant submitted must measure:

• 35 mm x 45 mm with the head centered in the frame.
• The head (measured from the top of the hair to the bottom of the chin) should measure at least 30 mm

Photo Appearance

• The photograph must be a full-face front view in which the visa applicant is facing the camera directly.
• The face should cover about 70-80 percent of the photo area.
• The photograph MUST be in color and have only a white or light background. Photos with dark, busy, or patterned backgrounds will not be accepted
• In general, the applicant's head, including both face and hair, should be shown from the crown of the head to the tip of the chin on top and bottom and from hairline side-to-side. It is preferable that ears be exposed
• Sunglasses or other wear, which detracts from the face, are not acceptable unless required for medical reasons (an eye patch, for example).
• A photograph depicting a person wearing a traditional facemask or veil that does not permit adequate identification is not acceptable.

Note: Please follow these instructions carefully. If photographs presented do not meet these requirements your application will be considered incomplete.

The application form for Ireland visa needs to be filled online. To launch an online application form please click here .

If you are not an Egyptain passport holder, please follow this link in order to ascertain whether you require a visa to travel to Ireland: Click Here

• Hosting Agreement with accredited research organisation
• Detailed statement of your bank account covering a six-month period immediately prior to your visa application, and showing sufficient funds to cover your costs. If your expenses will be paid by the organisation to which you will be attached for your research project, this should be confirmed in writing by the organisation

Join Family - non-EEA/non Swiss national

Please click here for the documents required

Family Member of Irish Citizen / Join Spouse (Irish National)

Family Member of Non-Irish/EEA National

Visa Applications are accepted from spouses and children of qualifying sponsors i.e. 1) Green Card holders and Scientific Researchers 2) Work Permit holders who have been in employment for at least twelve months prior to the date of application. He/she must be in full time employment on the date of application and have an income above the threshold which would qualify the family for payment under the Family Income Supplement (FIS) Scheme administered by the Department of Social Protection – www.welfare.ie

Please note that family members (i.e. spouse and dependants) may accompany a Green Card holder or a Scientific Researcher on admission into the State or join later subject to normal immigration rules.

• Previous passports (if any)
• Evidence of relationship to qualifying sponsor i.e. Marriage certificate or birth certificate
• If the marriage took place after the qualifying sponsor took up residence in Ireland please provide a full account of relationship history – when and where you met, evidence of this such as visas, entry/exit stamps on your passports. Please note that for Immigration purposes it is not sufficient for a relationship to have developed solely over the internet or by telephone/sms. A relationship must include a number face to face meetings (excluding webcam) between the parties. You must satisfy the visa officer that the relationship is bona-fide.
• For children under 18, consent of both parents/guardians is required permitting the child to reside in Ireland. In addition, a copy of the details page of each parent's/guardian's passport is required
• Where only one parent has sole custody, a Court Order bestowing sole custody of this child must be shown
• If you have been refused a visa for any other country, details of this must be given.

Submit a copy of the letter issued to you by the authorities of that country.

Concealment of visa refusals will result in your Irish visa application being refused

If your spouse is the holder of a work permit they must show they have sufficient funds to support you and any dependent family members, without recourse to public funds. In addition, the following documents should be submitted:

• Copy of spouses's current Work Permit and contract of employment.
• Copy of P60 and 3 recent consecutive payslips
• Copy of sponsors Certificate of Registration (GNIB card)

If you are the partner of the partner of a non-EEA national who is a Work Permit Holder/Green Card Holder in a long-term relationship that has existed for at least 4 years, please see the following list of documents required:

Join Partner (Work Permit/Green Card holder)

• Previous passport (if any)
• Copy of partner's passport and Certificate of Registration (GNIB card)
• Documentary evidence that will support the existence and durability of the relationship – e.g. Registration Certificate of partnership (if applicable) or evidence of common ownership of property, joint tenancy of property, on-going correspondence addressed to both partners at the same address, financial dependence/interdependence, or any other relevant documentation
• A full account of relationship history – when and where you met, evidence of this such as visas, entry/exit stamps on the passport of your partner. Please note that for Immigration purposes it is not sufficient for a relationship to have developed solely over the internet or by telephone/sms. A relationship must include a number face to face meetings (excluding webcam) between the parties. You must satisfy the visa officer that the relationship is bona-fide.
• Evidence of how your partner will support you financially – e.g. Employment letter, P60, payslips, bank statement for 6 months prior to application. Employment letter should include contact details for employment so that the information can be verified
• Private medical insurance
• If you have children (under 18 years) who do not hold Irish passports and therefore require a visa, a separate application must be submitted, along with a birth certificate, for each child. If the child is from a previous marriage or relationship to travel with you, evidence that you have been given full custody and access rights to this child must be shown (Court Order). Where the other parent of this child has some custody or access rights, a sworn affidavit by this parent consenting to the child being removed from their home country is required.

Join Family - Irish national

Please click here for documents required.

• Clear copy of spouse's passport
• Marriage Certificate
• Detailed statement of your bank account covering a six-month period immediately prior to your visa application, and showing sufficient funds to cover your costs.
• A full account of relationship history – when and where you met, evidence of this such as visas, entry/exit stamps on the passport of your Irish spouse. Please note that for Immigration purposes it is not sufficient for a relationship to have developed solely over the internet or by telephone/sms. A relationship must include a number face to face meetings (excluding webcam) between the parties. You must satisfy the visa officer that the relationship is bona-fide.
• Evidence of your spouse’s finances and employment – Employment letter on headed paper, P60, payslips, bank statement for six months prior to application. Employment letter should include contact details for employment so that the information can be verified

Join Partner (Irish National)

If you are the partner of an Irish Citizen in a long-term relationship or a civil partner who has contracted a registered partnership, or are a party to a class of legal relationship specified in the Civil Partnership (Recognition of Registered Foreign Relationships) Order 2010 as entitled to be recognized as a civil partnership and you wish to join your partner in Ireland or accompany them to Ireland, please see the following list of documents required:

• Clear copy of your partner's passport
• In the case of a registered or recognised civil partnership please submit Registration Certificate of partnership.
• Detailed statement of your bank account covering a six-month period immediately prior to your visa application, and showing sufficient funds to cover your costs
• Evidence of your partner’s finances and employment – Employment letter on headed paper, P60, payslips, bank statement for six months prior to application. Employment letter should include contact details for employment so that the information can be verified11 If you have children (under 18 years) who do not hold Irish passports and therefore require a visa, a separate application must be submitted, along with a birth certificate, for each child.

Join Parent (Irish National)

If you have children (under 18 years) who do not hold Irish passports, and therefore require a visa, a separate application must be submitted, along with a birth certificate, for each child. The following documents should be submitted:

• Birth Certificate
• The consent of both parents/guardians to reside in Ireland
• Copy of the passport details page for both parents

Join Family – EEA or Swiss national

• Marriage Certificate – evidence (apostilled document) that marriage has been registered in applicant’s country of origin/residence
• Copy of spouse's passport
• Evidence that the EU Citizen spouse is lawfully in Ireland.
• Birth Certificate (long form) for children under 21 years, parental consent where appropriate, national Identity card. Where only one parent has sole custody, a Court Order bestowing sole custody of this child must be shown.
• Evidence that the EU Citizen spouse is exercising their EU Treaty Rights by being employed/self employed in the State or engaged in a valid vocational training programme or has sufficient financial resources and comprehensive sickness insurance cover - N.B. it should be noted that the EU Citizen may stay in the State for a period of 3 months without any conditions (and be joined or accompanied by their qualifying/permitted family members), after which they must show that they are exercising their free movement rights in accordance with Article 7 of the Free Movement Directive.
• If you have been refused a visa for any other country, details of this must be given. Submit a copy of letter issued to you by the authorities of that country. Concealment of visa refusals will result in your Irish visa application being refused

Join Partner (EU National)

If you are the non EEA partner of an EU Citizen in a long-term relationship and you wish join your EU Citizen partner in Ireland the following is required:

• Visa fee (where applicable)
• Documentary evidence that will attest to the existence and durability of the relationship – e.g. Registration Certificate of partnership (if applicable) or evidence of common ownership of property, joint tenancy of property, on-going correspondence addressed to both partners at the same address, financial dependence/interdependence, joint bank accounts or any other relevant documentation.
• Evidence that the EU Citizen spouse is exercising their EU Treaty Rights by being employed/self-employed in the State or engaged in a valid vocational training programme or has sufficient financial resources and comprehensive sickness insurance cover - N.B. it should be noted that the EU Citizen may stay in the State for a period of 3 months without any conditions (and be joined or accompanied by their qualifying/permitted family members), after which they must show that they are exercising their free movement rights in accordance with Article 7 of the Free Movement Directive.

Long term (more than 90 days) Study visa

VFS Service Fees and Scanning Documents : EGP 2210

Please click here for document required.

• Name, duration and location of course
• Reference code for course on internationalisation register (please see http://intregister.ie )
• Fees have been paid
• Invoice from the educational institution in Ireland.
• Details of any Internationally recognised English Language qualifications you hold – e.g. IELTS, TOEFL, Cambridge etc. Please see www.inis.gov.ie for details of our English Language requirements. This is not required where the visa application is for an English language course.
• Evidence that the fees have been paid. (eg electronic bank transfer). Where the course fees are less than €6,000, fees must be paid in full to the college, prior to applying for your visa. Evidence of the amount paid should be included in your Letter of Acceptance from the college. Where the course fees are in excess of €6,000, you must pay at least this amount prior to applying for your visa, and evidence of this should be shown in your Letter of Acceptance. This minimum amount is an Immigration requirement. However, the college you wish to attend may require full payment of fees.
• Six month detailed bank statement demonstrating that you will have ready access to an amount of at least €7,000 for each year of your studies, in addition to the course fees for each of those years. Where you will be studying for a period of less than 6 months you must have access to €500 per month of the stay or €3000, whichever is the lesser.
• Details of your educational qualifications to date and a copy of your qualification certificate. Letter should include contact details for studies so that the information can be verified.
• Employment history. Please provide details on company headed paper – name of employer, dates employed, and the position held by you. Letter should include contact details for employment so that the information can be verified
• If you have been refused a visa for any other country, details of this must be given. Submit a copy of the letter issued to you by the authorities of that country. Concealment of visa refusals will result in your Irish visa application being refused

If a sponsor is supporting the financing of your studies you should include:

• Letter of sponsorship stating the sponsor will cover the cost of your course
• Evidence of how the sponsor is related to you plus copy of bio data page from their passport.
• Letter from sponsor’s employer including salary
• 6 month detailed bank statement for sponsor

Where the person travelling is under 18 years of age please note the following: Any person who wishes to pursue second level studies in Ireland must be enrolled at a private fee-paying school or college In addition to the requirements outlined above, which apply to all students, applicants aged under 18 years must submit:

• Copy of their birth certificate
• The consent of both parents/guardians to travel to Ireland

Long term - Volunteer

All Egyptian passport holders require a visa to travel to Ireland.

Citizens of one of seventeen countries covered by the Visa Waiver Programme , may be able to travel to Ireland if they have a valid U.K. C Visa and have recently entered the U.K.This programme is currently suspended due to COVID restrictions.

If you are applying for a visa to work in Ireland, you must have the permission of the Department of Enterprise Trade and Employment by way of an Employment Permit – either a Work Permit or a Green Card. Please see www.djei.ie for further information.

• Name, duration and location of programme
• Who is responsible for your living costs in the State
• A letter from you outlining your motivations for engaging in the volunteer programme you wish to do
• Evidence of full private medical insurance (travel insurance is not sufficient)
• Six month detailed bank statement demonstrating that you have sufficient finances to support yourself in the State.
• Details of your educational qualifications to date and a copy of your qualification certificates. Letter should include contact details for studies so that the information can be verified.

Short stay – Business

If you would like to visit Ireland for a short period (less than 3 months) you will find useful guidelines and details of requirements for your visa applications here.

• Current passport with 2 clear pages and valid for at least 6 months after your return from Ireland
• 2 colour passport photographs(one to be glued to the top left of your application form)

Letter from your current employer on headed paper confirming:

• Details of your current employment (job title, length employed, salary).

Employment letter should include contact details for employment so that the information can be verified.

• Nature, purpose and duration of the business trip
• Who is paying the costs of the trip

Letter from the business in Ireland on headed paper confirming:

• Reason for the business trip
• Duration of the visit
• Who is paying the cost
• If a multiple entry visa is required and the reasons why it is needed
• If you are paying for a business trip privately, you will have to provide evidence of your finances. A detailed statement of your bank account covering a six- month period immediately prior to your visa application is required.
• Copy of marriage certificate, birth certificates of children, car/property ownership certificates

Short stay - Exam

If you are not an Egyptian passport holder, please follow this link in order to ascertain whether you require a visa to travel to Ireland:  Click Here

Citizens of one of seventeen countries covered by the  Visa Waiver Programme , may be able to travel to Ireland if they have a valid U.K. C Visa and have recently entered the U.K.This programme is currently suspended due to COVID restrictions.

Short stay – Visit Family/Friend

Please click here for required document.

• 2 colour passsport photographs (one to be glued to the top left of your application form)
• Letter of invitation from contact in Ireland confirming your dates of travel, that they will provide accommodation for you. If multiple entry visa is required, the reasons why it is needed.
• Recent utility bill denoting address
• Passport details page
• GNIB card if inviter is a non Irish/EEA national
• Six months detailed bank statement if inviter is covering the cost of the trip
• Evidence of employment
• Evidence of relationship with inviter (eg copy of birth certificates, photos, phone calls or evidence of previous meetings etc);
• Bank statements must be on headed paper - internet printouts will not be accepted.
• Your name, address, account number and account type must be visible on the statement. Any large lodgements must be explained.
• If you are sending a bank statement from a deposit/savings account, you must also include a letter from your bank confirming that you are allowed to withdraw money from that account.
• Letter of support from your employer confirming your employment, salary and dates of travel. Letter should include contact details for employment so that the information can be verified
• If you are a student, you should include a letter from your educational institution stating your course of study and expected completion date. Letter should include contact details for studies so that the information can be verified.

If the person travelling is a student or unemployed, their application should also include the following

• Letter of sponsorship stating the sponsor will cover the cost of your visit
• Evidence of how the sponsor is related to you and a copy of their passport details page

If the person travelling is under 18 years old, their application must also include the following

• If travelling alone, the consent of both parents/guardians is required.
• If the child is travelling with one parent, the consent of the other parent is required. This signed parental consent must be accompanied by a copy of the consenting parent's passport or national identity card showing the bearer's signature.
• Where only one parent has sole custody, a Court Order bestowing sole custody of this child must be shown.

IMPORTANT NOTES:

Photocopies of your bio page and all visas and stamps in your passport(s)- all immigration stamps and visas for all travel must be submitted. (Not only those relating to the UK and Ireland)

Short stay - Conference

• 2 colour passsport photographs(one to be glued to the top left of your application form)

Letter from current employer on headed paper confirming:

Letter should include contact details for employment so that the information can be verified

• Your proposed attendance at the conference and the relevance of the conference to your employment/professional development
• Location of the conference and duration of your proposed stay
• Who is paying for the cost of your attendance at the conference

Letter from the conference host in Ireland on headed paper confirming:

• Your attendance at the conference
• Details of the date, nature, location and duration of the conference
• Registration fee, if applicable, has been paid.
• If you are attending the conference in a private capacity, you will have to provide evidence of your finances. A detailed statement of your bank account covering a six month period immediately prior to your visa application is required. An explanation as to why you, and not your employer, is paying should also be included.

Short stay - Training

• 2 colour passport photographs (one to be glued to the top left of your application form)
• Details of your current employment (job title, length employed, salary)
• Nature, purpose and duration of the training
• Who is paying for the costs of the training
• Reason for the training
• If you are paying for the cost of the training course privately, you will have to provide evidence of your finances. A detailed statement of your bank account covering a six- month period immediately prior to your visa application is required.

Short stay – Tourist

• Direct Hotel Booking or Tour Operator/Travel Agent booking or Internet Booking
• Six month detailed bank statement

Short Stay - Study Visas (English or other courses)

Please note If you wish to study (long study) in Ireland, the course that you are going to pursue must be included in the Internationalisation Register administered by Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI). Visit http://intregister.ie for more information.

Short Stay - Study (Visit) Visas (Children's English Language Camps)

VFS Service Fees and Scanning documents : EGP 2210

Short Stay Study Visas (English or other courses) up to 90 days stay

• Name and details of the course
• Duration of the course
• Location of the course
• Accommodation has been paid (if provided by college or host family)
• Invoice from the language school
• Evidence that the fees have been paid in full (eg electronic bank transfer);
• Letter of support from your employer confirming your employment, salary and dates of travel. If they are contributing to the cost of the course this should also be stated. Letter should include contact details for employer so that the information can be verified.
• 6 month detailed bank statement
• Letter of sponsorship from parent stating that they will cover the cost of the course;
• Letter from sponsor’s employer including salary;
• 6 month detailed bank statement for sponsor;

Letter from language school/course provider in Ireland giving a Declaration that all host families have been fully Garda Vetted.

Short Stay - Business Incentive Trips- Tourism

VFS Service Fees and Scanning documents: EGP 2210

• 2 color passport photographs (one to be glued to the top left of your application form)
• The name and date of birth of each person travelling
• The reason for the trip
• Proposed dates of entry to Ireland and departure
• Who is paying the cost of the trip
• Accommodation details - Direct Hotel Booking or Tour Operator/Travel Agent booking or Internet Booking
• Letter of support from each applicant's employer confirming their employment, salary and dates of travel. Letter should include contact details for employment so that the information can be verified
• If any of the applicants are a student, a letter from their educational institution stating their course of study and expected completion date. Letter should include contact details for studies so that the information can be verified.
• If a member of the group has been refused a visa for any other country, details of this must be given. Submit a copy of the decision letter issued to the person by the authorities of that country. Concealment of visa refusals will result in an Irish visa application being refused

Short stay - Event/Performance (Independent Traveller)

• Full details of the Event/Performance you plan to attend - i.e. the nature of the event, the date, its location and a copy of your ticket.
• Six month bank statement
• Copy of marriage certificate, birth certificates of children, car/property ownership certificates if any;
• Evidence of appropriate travel and health insurance

Short stay – interview

Short Stay Interview

• 2 color passports photographs(one to be glued to the top left of your application form)
• The position you have applied for
• The date and location of your interview
• The duration of your proposed visit to Ireland
• Who is paying for the cost of the trip
• Letter from current employer on headed paper confirming details of your current employment - job title, length employed, salary. Letter should include contact details for employment so that the information can be verified
• institution stating your course of study and expected completion date. Letter should include contact details for studies so that the information can be verified.
• If currently self-employed or unemployed, you should provide a cv showing current / previous experience relevant to the employment offered
• If you are paying for the trip privately, you will have to provide evidence of your finances. A detailed statement of your bank account covering a six- month period immediately prior to your visa application is required.

Short stay - Transit

Dear Applicants, please be advised, that all documents in a language different from English must be followed be a notarized translation into English.

Transit Visa

Nationals of some states or territorial entities are required to be in possession of an Irish transit visa when arriving at a port of entry in Ireland for the purposes of passing through a port (airport, seaport) in order to travel to another state.

A transit visa does not permit you to enter Ireland for any purpose. It only permits you to transit through Ireland in order to reach your destination in another state.

If the intention is to leave the port at any stage they must apply for a short stay visa in the normal way.

You must have the relevant visa for your country of destination in your passport before applying for an Irish transit visa.

Please  click here  for information on applying for an Irish transit visa.

• Two colour passport sized photographs not more than 6 months old
• Your current passport must be valid for at least 6 months after your intended date of departure from Ireland.
• If you are not a national of the country where you are applying from, you must submit evidence of your permission to be in that country e.g. a residence card. You must also have at least 3 months permission to be in that country after your intended date of departure from Ireland.

Visa for the country you are travelling to if applicable

If applying for a transit visa you must have a visa for the country you are travelling to (if applicable)in your passport

• A signed letter of application including your full contact details:
• outlining your travel plans, and
• giving details of any members of your family who are currently in Ireland, or any other EU Member State,
• Travel itinerary and airline bookings/tickets showing departure dates and destinations.

Previous Visa Refusals

If you have been refused a visa in the past for any country, you must provide the details.

The original letter issued to you by the authorities of that country must be provided with your application.

Not disclosing any previous visa refusals will result in your application being refused.

Visa Applications on behalf of a child ( a person under 18 years of age)

If a child under the age of 18 is travelling you must submit their birth certificate.

If they are travelling either alone or with a person other than their parent/legal guardian (e.g. adult relative), you are required to provide a written letter of consent from both parents/legal guardians and copies of the consenting parent/legal guardians’ passports or national identity cards, which clearly show their signatures.

If the child is travelling with one parent/legal guardian, you are required to provided the consent of the other parent/legal guardian and a copy of the consenting parent/legal guardian's passport or national identity card which clearly shows their signature.

Where one parent has sole custody, you must submit a Court Order bestowing sole custody of the child on the parent concerned.

Return of Documents

All documents accompanying your application must be originals.

You should keep copies of all the documents that you provide.

Original documents such as marriage/birth/death certificates will be returned to you. However, other documents such as bank statements or letters of invitation will not be returned.

If there are particular documents that you wish to have returned, please provide a list of these documents with the application.

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Get an Egypt Visa

Sample of the business travel requirements for an egypt visa for irish citizens.

The applicant's actual signed passport. The passport must:

• Be valid six months beyond entry date

Letter of Invitation

An original letter of invitation from the company the applicant is visiting. This letter must: Be on company letterhead paper Include the name of the applicant Specify the purpose of journey Specify the requested number of entries and the length of visa required Include an acceptance of financial responsibility for the applicant Be signed in the original 

Copy of Passport

Provide a clear colour copy of the applicant's passport identification page which must be valid at least six months beyond the intended exit date

Visa Application Form

One fully completed and signed application form

CIBTvisas Order Confirmation

Provide the CIBTvisas Order Confirmation included in this kit.

Proof of Previous Visa(s)

This must be provided as a clear copy of all previously issued Egypt visa in the applicant's current passport

Sample of the Tourist Travel Requirements for an Egypt Visa for Irish Citizens

Visa On Arrival

• Pay a fee of USD25 in cash
• Hold a passport valid at least six months on entry with one blank visa page
• Hold proof of sufficient funds
• Hold proof of onward/return airline tickets
• Hold documents showing proof of purpose of trip
• Hold all documents required for the next destination
• Confirm with their airline that boarding will be permitted without a visa as these conditions are subject to change

Yellow Fever Certificate

Applicants arriving from a yellow fever risk area or applicants who transited through such an area for more than 12 hours will be required to present the Yellow Fever certificate upon arrival.

Premium Service

Let our team of experts make your visa application quick and easy. From one-on-one consultations, timely reminders, and step-by-step assistance, you can rest easy knowing our visa experts will help you get your application and documentation right the first time.

Informed Traveler

Informed traveler provides the critical insight you need to travel safely and securely during the COVID pandemic. A trained specialist will review your entire trip and deliver accurate up-to-date information on entry requirements, health regulations, quarantine protocols, what to expect when you arrive in your destination, and what you need to know for your return trip.

Digital Photo Service

The CIBTvisas Digital Photo Service is an excellent way to deliver a digital photo for your visa application. Simply upload your photo and our Photo Service experts will ensure that it meets the guidelines for your application before printing it and submitting it to the embassy.

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Egypt Tourist visa

• Table of contents

Traveling to Egypt

Egypt tourist visa eligibility, egypt tourist visa validity, egypt tourist visa requirements, egypt tourist visa application, egypt tourist visa fees, where to apply, egypt tourist visa processing time, approved egypt visa applications, egypt tourist visa faq.

The Arab Republic of Egypt shares its borders with Northeast Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Middle East. Tourists visit Egypt for its many archaeological sites, including the ancient pyramids and the Valley of the Kings. In addition, a visit to Egypt offers many excursions, from cruises along the Nile to upscale resorts to hiking on a budget.

Citizens of these countries can enter Egypt visa-free for tourism purposes (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Macao, and Hong Kong), some other nationalities are eligible to obtain an Egypt visa-on-arrival at Egyptian ports of entry. Citizens from all other countries that are not on the above eligibility list or eligible for a visa-on-arrival may be eligible to apply online for an Egypt e-visa, otherwise should apply in person at their nearest Egypt embassy or representation office abroad.

Travelers can apply online for an Egypt tourist visa prior to traveling to Egypt. Egypt e-visa options include a single-entry visa, granting a stay of 30-days and a multiple-entry visa, granting a stay of 90 days. Once approved, Egypt tourist visas remain valid for 3 consecutive months.

For those not eligible to apply online for an Egypt e-visa, Egypt “sticker” visas should be applied for at your nearest Egypt embassy or representation office. You are advised to contact the Egyptian embassy in your residence country for more information regarding their specific visa application procedures that are relevant to your case.

To apply for an Egyptian tourist visa, you will need to have the following documents:

Egypt e-Visa

The applicant should hold a passport valid for at least 6 months before their travel date.

A valid credit or debit card to pay online for the Egypt tourist visa fees.

The applicant will need a valid email address that the e-visa will be sent to once the application is completed and approved.

Egypt Tourist “sticker” visa

Passport + copy.

The applicant should hold a passport valid for at least 6 months before their travel date with an empty visa page, plus two copies of the information page.

Personal photo

A recent color photograph of applicant, taken against a white background that meets standard passport photo requirements and dimensions.

Application 

Applicant should fill out the Egypt visa application, complete with personal data and other requested information.

Cashier’s check made payable to the Consulate of Egypt if paying by mail or cash if paying in person. Personal checks and money orders will not be accepted.

Egypt has made travel to Egypt easier than ever, allowing eligible travelers to apply online for the Egypt e-visa via the official Egypt e-visa portal in just a few simple steps.

Fill in the Egyptian tourist visa application.

Pay the application fee with a valid credit/debit card

• If approved, your Egypt e-visa will be sent to the email you provided. • Download and print a copy of your approved Egypt e-visa. • Make sure the visa information matches your passport.

Fill in and Print the visa application form, and attach your personal photo and any additional required documents may be requested by the embassy/consulate you are applying through such as round-trip ticket or confirmed itinerary.

• Submit your completed and signed visa application form, passport, and other required documents. • Pay the Egyptian tourist visa fees.

• If approved, pick up your approved Egyptian tourist visa from the Egyptian embassy or representation office that you applied at. • Verify information is correct

Egypt e-visas obtained online cost $25 for a single-entry visa or $60 for a multiple-entry visa, to be paid by credit or debit card. Egypt tourist visa processing fees are non-refundable.

The Egyptian tourist visas can be applied for online via the Egypt e-visa portal.

If you are not from a country eligible for an Egypt e-visa, contact your local embassy to apply for a sticker visa.

For an Egypt e-visa, the processing time can range between 2 to 7 working days, once the application is complete and all documents are submitted. It is recommended to apply at least 7 days before traveling to Egypt.

Once approved, a link to download your Egypt e-visas will be emailed to you. Immigration officials will ask to see both your e-visa and a printed paper copy of the Egypt e-visa upon arrival to Egypt,. You will also need to provide a travel itinerary that includes the name and telephone number associated with the place you are staying and/or a supporting letter, such as an invitation from a company or family member if applicable.

Malaysian nationals travelling as tourists can obtain a visa-on-arrival in Egypt for a maximum stay of two weeks. However, the usual visa requirements apply for stays longer than two weeks.

These individuals are granted a free-entry stamp on arrival at Sharm el-Sheikh airport and other airports for the resorts. Their stay is valid for 15 days. Yet if travel is expected outside of this area, then an application for an Egyptian visa will need to be made whilst still in the country.

Egyptian port authorities have the right to refuse entry to any e-visa holder without explanation.

Upon arrival to Egypt, make sure to have your passport, a printed copy or your Egypt e-visa or Egypt tourist “sticker” visa, and information regarding both where you are staying in Egypt and your return or onward flight itinerary.

Check if you need a visa for your next destination

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The essential traveler's guide to understanding various types of visas

Egypt visa application form

Apply for the official Egypt visa .

With this form you can submit a visa application for one traveller or multiple travellers at once. You only need to fill in your contact and travel information once. Next, fill in the details of each traveller for whom you want to apply for a visa. Clicking on an entry field will bring up more information on the right. For an explanation of each field, press the -icon.

Contact information

Travel information.

• Yes (surcharge: € 17,50 per visa)

First overnight stay in Egypt

Information of the travellers.

Below, fill in the information of all travellers, including yourself and travelling children. Donʼt have all of the information of all travellers ready? It is also possible to submit individual applications per person.

Add travellers to the form

Each traveller needs their own visa, including travelling children. By adding your fellow travellers to this application form, you do not have to fill in the contact and travel information each time.

Statement of agreement

I hereby declare that this form has been completed in good conscience with complete, accurate and current information. I understand that granted visas are invalid if it is found that this form has been filled in incorrectly, either knowingly or unknowingly. I understand that a tourist visa applied for with this form does not permit conducting business activities or entering into employment in Egypt. I also understand that a granted visa does not guarantee entry into Egypt, as the immigration service is authorised to bar unwanted travellers from entering Egypt at any time.

Before the visa application can be processed, each traveller needs to provide a passport scan. These files can be submitted online, after the visa has been paid for.

If you click on an input field, a comprehensive explanation will appear here.

Are you sure you wish to clear and delete the filled in fields on this website ? This action cannot be reversed. Yes, I am sure.

Attention: if this field is filled in, it has to be done in English .

• Our Ministers

Please be advised that the Department of Foreign Affairs’ Travel Advice is now available at Ireland.ie/travel. Travel Advice on this webpage is no longer being updated. To ensure you receive the latest Travel Advice for  Egypt , please see Ireland.ie .

If you’re travelling to Egypt, our travel advice and updates give you practical tips and useful information. 

Security Status

• Normal precautions
• High degree of caution
• Avoid non-essential travel
• Do not travel

Safety and Security

Local laws and customs, natural disasters and climate, additional information, embassy contact.

High Degree of Caution

Latest Travel Alert

Irish citizens are strongly advised against:

• travel to the Governorate of North Sinai including the Taba-Suez Road where the security situation is extremely dangerous;
• travel to Gaza via the Rafah border crossing (the vicinity of the Rafah border crossing is particularly dangerous at the moment and the border crossing is closed most of the time);
• independent travel to remote desert areas close to the Libyan and Sudanese borders due to heightened concerns about the security situation there.

Irish citizens are advised to arrive by air if travelling to:

• Sharm El Sheikh, Hurghada and immediate surrounds and Marsa Alam and immediate surrounds,
• tourist areas in the Nile river (such as Luxor, Aswan and Abu Simbel). Irish citizens should be aware of the hazardous driving conditions in Egypt.

It is assessed that there is a high risk of terrorist attacks in Egypt. The majority of attacks are targeted at the security services. There have been no terrorist attacks in major cities or tourist destinations since 2019. However, Irish citizens should remain vigilant, follow the instructions of local authorities, including any restrictions on movement in and around religious sites and during religious festivals, and monitor local media (including social media) for up-to-date information.  

Irish citizens should also avoid the vicinity of major security/police or government buildings, and should not take photographs of security installations. Irish citizens should ensure that that they carry valid ID with them at all times. If caught in a demonstration, Irish citizens should not attempt to take photographs/ videos and should leave the area immediately.

General Travel Advice

Irish citizens require a visa to enter Egypt. Tourist visas for ordinary Irish passports can be purchased upon arrival in Egypt.

A valid passport is required for travel to Egypt. Irish passports should have a minimum validity of 6 months. Passport cards cannot be used.

For more information on visas and passports, please see the Additional Information tab.

Visitors to Egypt are advised to follow the guidance of national and local authorities and stay fully informed of what's going on by monitoring local news and social media.

Citizens can also follow the Embassy on social media on Twitter and Facebook    to ensure access to relevant updates and alerts.

Emergency Assistance

The best help is often close at hand so if you have problems, try talking to your local contacts, tour operator representative or hotel management.

You can contact the emergency services in Egypt by dialling 122. Specific emergency numbers are:

• Tourist Police: 126
• Fire brigade: 180
• Ambulance: 123
• Egyptian Ministry of Health Emergency Line: 137

Our tips for Safe Travels:

• Get comprehensive travel insurance that covers all your planned activities.
• Register  your details with us so that we can contact you quickly if there’s an unforeseen crisis like a natural disaster or a family emergency.
• Follow us on twitter  @dfatravelwise  for the latest travel updates.
• Read our  ‘Know Before You Go’  guide.

Safety and security

Irish citizens resident in Egypt are advised to take sensible precautions with regard to their personal safety and travel within the country.  We request that citizens taking up residence register with the Embassy.

In general, Irish citizens should be vigilant, follow the instructions of local authorities, respect restrictions on movement (including in and around religious sites and during religious festivals) and monitor local media (including social media) for up to date information.

It is assessed that there is a high risk of terrorist attacks in Egypt. These normally happen without warning. Although the vast majority of attacks are targeted at the security services in specific areas, especially North Sinai, they have involved civilian casualties.  Alliances between local extremist groups and Da'esh and Al Qaida have increased the risk of attacks against Westerners and Western interests in Egypt.

Some terrorist atatcks have targeted the Christian minority in Egypt, especially at remote monasteries and during pilgrimages.

Although there are additional security measures in place to protect the country's major tourist resorts and sites, there is a risk that tourist areas and other places frequented by foreigners may be specifically targeted by terrorists planning future attacks.

Nevertheless there have been no terrorist attacks in major cities or tourist centres since August 2019.

There ae occasional localised inter-faith community disputes which escalate quickly into more extreme violence.  While most Coptic sites are well guarded by the security services, extreme caution should be observed when visiting them.

Irish citizens are strongly advised to avoid security installations (police stations, road checkpoints, military bases) and significant Government buildings where possible.  People who take photographs and videos of security installations or security vehicles and equipment or Government buildings have been arrested and had their cameras confiscated. The importation and use of recreational drones and similar equipment is strictly prohibited in Egypt.  

There is some risk of kidnapping for travellers to Egypt in remote areas.

Irish citizens should avoid all travel to Northern Sinai, including the Taba-Suez road, where the security situation is extremely dangerous. The Egyptian army is engaged in ongoing military operations against militant groups in North Sinai and there has been a serious escalation in the number of security incidents and attacks. There are additional restrictions on movement in Sinai, including a strictly enforced curfew.

 Independent travel to remote areas is strongly discouraged.  The movement and presence of all foreign nationals in areas adjacent to the Libyan, Sudanese and Israeli borders is restricted under the terms of a Presidential decree which mandates the armed forces to take measures to safeguard the security of these areas. Border areas are now classified as either “forbidden” or “restricted” and travel to them will only be allowed if a special permit is obtained from the armed forces.  The definition of these areas is not always clear and will not be obvious to independent travellers.

Irish citizens are strongly advised not to seek to travel to or from Gaza via the Rafah border crossing. The vicinity of the border crossing is particularly dangerous with frequent attacks on security forces. Rafah border crossing is also often closed.

Protests and demonstrations

Although protests and demonstrations in Egypt are now relatively rare compared to the period of political turmoil between 2011 and 2013, they can occur with no prior warning and the police response to any protests can be harsh.  Protests can also turn violent and result in large numbers of deaths and injuries. Under Egyptian law, anyone participating in an unauthorized protest or demonstrations can expect to be detained for an extended period.

Irish citizens are strongly advised to avoid all protests and demonstrations. If caught up in a demonstration, leave the area immediately. Do not attempt to take photographs or videos of demonstrations.

You should closely monitor the local media (including social media) for updates on the situation.

Crime remains relatively low in Egypt but there has been an increase in violent crime including armed robbery and car-jackings in recent years. You should therefore take sensible precautions: 

• Don’t carry your credit card, travel tickets and money together - leave spare cash and valuables in a safe place. 

• Don’t carry your passport unless absolutely necessary and leave a copy of your passport (and travel and insurance documents) with family or friends at home.

• Avoid showing large sums of money in public and avoid using ATMs after dark, especially if you’re alone. Check no one has followed you after conducting your business.

• Avoid dark and unlit streets and stairways, and arrange to be picked up or dropped off as close to your hotel or apartment entrance as possible.

• Keep a close eye on your personal belongings and hold on to them in public places such as internet cafés, train and bus stations.

If you’re a victim of a crime while on holiday in Egypt, report it to the tourist police immediately. You won’t be able to pursue the matter once you’ve left Egypt if you fail to do so. You can contact us at the Irish Embassy in Cairo if you need help.

Sexual Harassment

Women face particular challenges in Egypt. Sexual harassment is common on the street and in taxis. This can quickly escalate into sexual assaults and rape. What in Ireland is regarded as ordinary social interaction, for example eye contact and smiling, may be regarded in Egypt as flirtation. While it may be safer to travel in an Uber or the women-only carriages of the metro, vigilance must be maintained.  Where possible, women should not travel alone and if travelling in a public transport car alone with a male driver should sit in the back seat behind the driver. It is advisable to cover your legs and arms when travelling outside of resorts, particularly during Ramadan or if you are visiting more religiously pious areas.

Scuba Diving

Egypt is a very popular scuba diving destination. If not fully qualified, please ensure you are accompanied by a qualified, reputable instructor. The safety standards of diving operators in Egypt can vary considerably. Before diving, please consult with your doctor to ensure you are fit to dive. Diving beyond the depth limit specified in your insurance policy, or diving unaccompanied, can invalidate your cover.

Driving conditions in Egypt are often hazardous, particularly at night outside major cities. Accidents are common and drivers often pay little heed to the rules of the road. Most sign posts outside major cities are in Arabic only.

If you want to drive:

• Bring your international driving licence and make sure you have adequate and appropriate insurance

• Exercise extreme caution at all times.

• Avoid driving at night outside main urban areas.

• Know your routes.

• Be aware that driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is against the law and you risk being detained, fined or banned from driving if caught

• Keep your vehicle doors locked and your bags kept out of sight to prevent opportunistic bag-snatching if you’re stopped at traffic lights.

Vehicle hire

If you’re hiring a vehicle, we advise you not to hand over your passport as a form of security. If you’re allowing your passport to be photocopied, keep it in your sight at all times.

Check that you have adequate insurance and read the small print of the vehicle hire contract (particularly any waiver that will come into effect if the vehicle is damaged).

Public transport

Public transport in Egypt has a poor safety record. There have been numerous accidents in recent years involving buses, micro-buses, trains and metro services which have resulted in a considerable number of deaths, including foreign tourists. The train and metro network has also been the target of terrorist attacks.  Where they are available, women should use the women only carriages of trains. 

Local laws and customs

Practical advice.

Remember, the local laws apply to you as a visitor and it is your responsibility to follow them. Be sensitive to local customs, traditions and practices as your behaviour may be seen as improper, hostile or may even be illegal.

Identification

Irish citizens should ensure that they carry valid i.d. with them at all times.

Cultural norms

Egypt is a conservative and mostly Muslim society and you should respect local traditions, customs, laws and religions. We advise that you dress conservatively, be aware of your actions and take care not to offend other cultures or religious beliefs, especially during the holy month of Ramadan or other religious festivals, or if you intend to visit religious areas. Both men and women will be expected to cover their legs to at least below the knee when visiting places of worship, including Christian churches.  Women will be asked to cover their heads.  If you do not wish to share the coverings offered by those places frequented by tourists or if you plan to visit non tourist sites, consider bringing a wide and long (and lightweight) scarf for this purpose. 

During Ramadan, Muslims, who make up the majority of Egypt’s population, are not permitted to eat, drink or smoke during daylight hours. To avoid offence, you are advised not to eat, drink or smoke in public during this time.

While in Egypt, you are subject to local laws, including laws that may seem harsh by Irish standards. For example, the laws around custody of children are significantly different to those in force in Ireland.  If you are a parent, you should be fully aware of your legal position.  You should not surrender your children’s passports to a third party while in Egypt.  If you have to deal with any legal matters in Egypt, particularly about family law, we strongly advise you to get professional legal advice. The Embassy of Ireland in Cairo can provide a sample list of lawyers if required.

Photography

There are numerous restrictions in place and all photography in the vicinity of military installations is strictly prohibited. There have been incidents of tourists being arrested for taking photos outside government buildings, train stations and of other edifices such as bridges.    

Illegal drugs

Illegal drug use (no matter what the drug) carries stiff penalties, including fines and long prison terms. 

Public drinking

Drinking in the street and anywhere other than a licensed restaurant or bar is against the law.

There is much ambiguity in Egyptian law about homosexuality. Although same-sex activity is not explicitly criminalised, the charge of “debauchery” has been used to prosecute LGBTI people. Prosecutions are increasingly brought under the Cybercrime law for social media and dating app posts.   There is also little public acceptance of homosexuality in Egypt  and the Egyptian gay community is very cautious in public.  Homophobia is common everywhere. Open displays of the rainbow flag have resulted in extraordinarily harsh police action against the LGBTI community, including arrest and imprisonment. Gay men in particular have been targeted and convicted of breaching laws on public decency. 

Natural disasters and climate

The temperature in Egypt during the summer months in some areas can reach over 40 degrees Celsius. Remember to drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration.

Sand and dust storms

Sand and dust storms can occur between March and May. You should pay close attention to local news reports and follow the advice of local authorities.

Egypt is in an active earthquake zone and there have been occasional earthquakes, with the last major one in 1992. If you ’are travelling to, or living in, Egypt, make sure you know what to do in the event of an earthquake.

Additional information

Entry requirements (visa/passport).

If you are visiting Egypt your passport should be valid for 6 months from your date of arrival. However, you should also check with your travel provider to ensure your passport and other travel documents meet their requirements.

Irish citizens will normally need a visa to enter Egypt, which is usually available on arrival for tourists travelling on ordinary passports. If travelling to Egypt for work or business reasons it is recommended that you obtain a visa in advance. For further information about the entry requirements for Egypt, including visa and other immigration information, ask your travel agent or contact the Embassy of Egypt in Ireland.

Irish citizens travelling to Sharm El Sheikh, Dahab, Nuweiba and Taba resorts only, for a maximum of 15 days, do not require a visa prior to travelling as a free entry permission stamp will be granted upon arrival. However, if you intend to travel outside of the these areas, or stay for longer than 15 days, you must obtain a Visa.

Check with your doctor well in advance of travelling to see if you need any vaccinations for Egypt.

Irish citizens should be aware that efforts are frequently made to conclude fraudulent marriages usually with the intention of gaining residency and ultimately citizenship in Ireland.  They should be aware that marriage to an Irish citizen does not guarantee that a visa will be granted to a non-Irish spouse.  Irish citizens should also be aware that Egyptian family law is subject to religious affiliation.  Polygamy is permitted in Egypt for Muslims and Muslim Egyptian men may in law marry again without advising either the new spouse or any existing spouse of the new marriage.  We strongly advise Irish citizens planning to marry Egyptians to ensure they have a thorough knowledge of their prospective spouse.

Regional travel

If you travel between Egypt and Israel, you may experience difficulties in or be refused entry to some other countries in the region if your passport has evidence of travel to Israel. This includes entry and exit stamps issued at the border crossings or if your luggage has stickers indicating you have been to Israel. 

In general tap water is not safe to drink. Bottled water is cheap and readily available.

Embassy contact

If you are an Irish citizen and in need of emergency assistance outside of normal office hours, then you can contact us on the following emergency number: +20 1274443942.

Embassy of Ireland 18 Hassan Sabry Street Zamalek Cairo Egypt

Tel: +202 27287100 Fax: +202 27362863

Monday to Friday 09:30-12:30

Honorary Consulate Contact

Mr. Hisham G Helmy Honorary Consul of Ireland 17 Elfaraana Street Azarita Alexandria Egypt

Tel: +2034805988 / 98

Email: Email us

Get travel and medical insurance

Before travelling, the Department  strongly recommends  that you obtain comprehensive travel insurance which will cover all overseas medical costs, including medical repatriation/evacuation, repatriation of remains and legal costs. You should check any exclusions and, in particular, that your policy covers you for the activities you want to undertake.

Contacting us

Contact our Embassy in Cairo for assistance

Related links

Know Before You Go

Assistance abroad

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A visa is a certificate in your passport or travel document that shows you are authorised to land at an Irish port or airport Ireland. However, there may be a number of other conditions you need to meet before you are permitted to enter Ireland.

On arrival at the airport, make sure that you have copies of the documents submitted with your visa application in case of inspection by immigration officers.

Visas for Ireland

There are different visa requirements depending on your country of citizenship. Find out more about applying for a visa to travel to Ireland.

Visas for Irish people going abroad

DFA provides guidance on determining visa requirements for entering your destination country when travelling abroad.

FAQs about Visas

IrishImmigration.ie provides answers to the most frequently asked questions about applying for a visa to travel to Ireland.

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Ireland Tourist Visa for Egypt citizens: Everything you need to know

If you're an Egyptian citizen dreaming of exploring the enchanting country of Ireland , you've found the perfect guide to help you with your Irish Tourist Visa application. From completing the application form to gathering the required documents, we've got you covered.

In this article, we will delve into the details of the Ireland Visa application process for Egyptian travelers. Whether applying through our website or our user-friendly iVisa app , you will receive full guidance, expert tips, a simplified application form, and many more benefits that will get your Irish Visa application approved without issues !

What is the Ireland Tourist Visa for Egyptian citizens?

The Ireland Visa , also known as the short stay 'C' visit (tourist) visa, is an official document designed for travelers who wish to explore the wonders of the Republic of Ireland.

When applying for this visa online, it is important for Egyptian passport holders to clearly explain the purpose of travel to Ireland . The visa covers various travel purposes, including:

Visiting family or friends

Getting married

Seeking medical treatment

Participating in short-term educational courses

Whether planning a relaxing vacation, reuniting with loved ones, or pursuing other activities, effectively communicating your intentions enables the immigration officer to assess your eligibility and process your application accurately.

For info about an employment visa or residence permit, check the Irish government’s website .

Do Egyptian citizens need a Tourist Visa for Ireland?

Yes. As stated above, Egyptians must have a visa to visit Ireland . If you’re traveling with children under 18, a parent or legal guardian must apply for the tourist visa on their behalf .

Easily apply for multiple people through our platform by clicking ‘Add another person’ during the online application. We’ll double-check and submit each application carefully. Note that each application will receive a separate decision.

Types of Ireland Visas available for Egyptian citizens

Ireland offers two types of tourist visas:

• Single-entry visa: You can only visit Ireland once with this visa. It should be used within 90 days after issuance and it allows a stay of up to 90 days Per Entry in the country.

This visa can be easily applied for on our website or through our app .

• Multiple-entry visa: This is a visa for travelers who wish to visit Ireland more than once within the validity period.

If you’re planning to also visit Northern Ireland from the Republic of Ireland , you must get both a UK Visa and an Irish Visa. If you want to travel back to Ireland to catch a flight back to Egypt, you’ll need a multiple-entry Irish Tourist Visa.

Unfortunately, we currently do not offer multiple-entry visas on our platform. Reach out to the Irish Embassy or Consulate near you to apply for one.

Documents required for Egyptians applying for the Ireland Tourist Visa

Egyptian citizens generally have to gather the following visa documents for the Irish Visa application :

Valid Egyptian passport: It must be valid for at least 6 months beyond your planned departure date from Ireland and it should have 2 blank pages for visa stamps.

Passport photograph: If you don't have one, use our affordable and convenient digital photo service . You will need to provide two photos.

Proof of enough funds: Bank statements demonstrating your income and savings and a letter explaining any large amounts of money being transferred to or from your account.

Application letter: Write a cover letter clearly stating the purpose of your visit to Ireland, such as a holiday, visiting family and/or friends, or any other reason.

Proof of intention to return to your home country: Provide supporting documents demonstrating strong ties to your home country. This can include recent payslips, a letter from an employer, proof of enrollment in a college or university, proof of property ownership, a rental agreement in your name, or details regarding close family members living in your country.

Proof of accommodation: Include reservations for accommodation and/or a proof of address from your host in Ireland.

Sometimes, the Irish Visa office may request travel/medical insurance for the application. Please note that having travel health insurance is a requirement to enter Ireland , regardless of whether it’s asked for during the approval process.

If you’re applying for the Ireland Tourist Visa in a country other than Egypt, you must present proof that you’re a legal resident there.

If you have been previously denied an Ireland Tourist Visa or another visa, or have been deported from any country in the past, provide the details and documentation.

Other documents supporting the purpose of your visit

According to your specific travel purpose, the following documents are required:

Family/friends visits:

• Invitation letter from the host, explaining why they are inviting you to Ireland, the dates they plan to meet you, and how they know you.

A study plan stating the start and end dates of the course and a registration confirmation letter.

Invitation letter from the educational institution.

Acknowledgement from the Registrar confirming the date of receipt of notification of intention to marry or enter into a civil partnership.

The Marriage Registration Form (MRF).

Details of your relationship history.

Divorce or dissolution of marriage certificate from previous relationships.

Medical reasons:

Letters from your referring hospital and a private hospital in Ireland.

Letter stating your travel itinerary from Egypt to Ireland.

All documents must be submitted in English (notarized translations).

By applying with us , you’ll get the complete list of documents to gather based on your application details!

Financial requirements for Egyptian citizens

The amount of money required for an Ireland Visa application is not specified . However, you want to prove that you have the financial means to cover your flights, daily expenses, and planned activities according to your travel purpose.

It is also recommended to have travel/medical insurance to show you can pay for emergency medical assistance.

If you are self-funding your trip , include up-to-date bank statements and supporting documents of the last 6 months. Here are the key details that should be stated:

The bank statements should be original documents issued on official bank paper. If you provide a printed internet statement, it must be certified/stamped by your bank for authenticity.

Your name and address should be stated on the statement, matching your other supporting documents.

The statement must display your bank account number and what type of account it is, such as a checking/current account or a savings account.

It should show all incoming and outgoing transactions.

Bank statements from a savings and deposit account must be accompanied by an original letter from your bank on their official letterhead, confirming your ability to withdraw funds from that account.

If you have a friend or family member in Ireland who will be financially contributing to your trip , you should estimate the amount they will be spending. Specify what expenses they will cover, such as the cost of plane tickets:

• They must demonstrate their financial stability by providing bank statements, payslips, and a letter from their employer. This applies to all friends or family members supporting your visit.

By providing the necessary financial documents, you can improve your chances of a successful visa application.

Supporting documentation for minors/children from Egypt visiting Ireland

Children/minors under 18 years old traveling from Egypt to Ireland must include the following documents in their application:

Birth certificates.

Copies of both parents’ passports.

If one of the minor's parents has deceased, submit the official Death Certificate.

If one of the minor's parents has sole custody, submit the court order granting custody to the appointed parent.

If the child will travel with only one of the parents or legal guardians, submit a copy of the other parent/legal guardian’s passport or ID and a consent letter.

If the minor is traveling with someone other than their parent or legal guardian, or traveling alone, provide the following documents as well:

Consent letter signed by both parents or legal guardians for each child.

Copy of both parents' passports or IDs.

Contact details of the parents/legal guardians.

Step-by-step guide to applying for the Ireland Tourist Visa in Egypt

Applying for the Ireland Tourist Visa is stress-free on our website or our user-friendly iVisa app . Simply follow these steps:

Step 1: Fill out your basic details, travel plans, and passport info.

Step 2: Pay our iVisa processing fee online with a credit/debit card, PayPal, Venmo, or Amazon Pay.

Step 3: Fill out the simplified application form, visit the embassy or application center in Egypt with the required documents, and pay the government visa fees. We’ll make the appointment on your behalf!

Then, receive your visa and get ready to travel!

Benefits of applying for the Ireland Visa with us

The following benefits are included when applying through our platform :

100% government-compliant: Our team of iVisa Experts will review all information and ensure it’s 100% compliant with government requirements.

Unlimited access to our iVisa Experts: Our iVisa Experts will guide you through the application process and answer any questions.

Simplified form: Visa applications can be confusing and tedious. At iVisa, we’ll only include relevant questions, making the application shorter and hassle-free.

Fill out at your own pace: Save your progress, make changes, and come back to it later whenever you need a break.

Step-by-step guide: Apply with us and receive an exclusive manual with all the tips to answer difficult sections and get your visa without problems.

Ireland Tourist Visa costs and processing times for Egyptian citizens

The costs and processing times of the Irish Visa application consist of two parts:

1. Processing by iVisa: Our processing service fee of USD $240.99 includes numerous benefits, such as a simplified application form, complete guidance from our team of experts, and a careful review of your application.

2. Processing by the Egyptian government: After our review, the government processing time is around two months. The visa fee for a single-entry visa is US$65 and it’s paid at the Visa Application Center.

Tips for a successful Irish Tourist Visa application in Egypt

The below tips will help you increase your chances of a successful Ireland Tourist Visa application in Egypt.

1. Plan ahead: Begin your visa application process at least two months in advance to allow sufficient time for gathering documents, completing forms, and other requirements.

2. Understand the requirements: Familiarize yourself with the specific requirements for an Ireland Tourist Visa as explained in this article, such as the necessary documents and eligibility criteria.

3. Complete the application correctly: Fill out the visa application form with accurate and up-to-date details. Always check for errors before submitting.

4. Financial documents: Show proof of sufficient funds to cover your trip to Ireland. If someone else is sponsoring your trip, include their documents as well.

5. Document authenticity: All supporting documents, such as bank statements, employment letters, and accommodation proofs, must be original and issued by the appropriate authorities. Certified copies/official letterheads may be required.

6. Show ties to your home country: Show ties to your home country to assure the visa authorities that you have enough reasons to return after your visit.

Common reasons for Ireland Tourist Visa refusals for Egyptian citizens

These are the common reasons for visa refusals:

No adequate financial resources to cover your expenses while in Ireland.

Failing to provide convincing evidence of your ties to Egypt, which may raise concerns about your intentions to return after your visit, resulting in a visa rejection.

Missing or incorrect forms, incomplete itineraries, lack of supporting documents, or failure to meet specific requirements, which will result in the denial of a visa.

A history of immigration or visa violations, such as overstaying the time permitted in a country. This can negatively impact your visa application for Ireland.

What to expect after submitting the Ireland Tourist Visa application in Egypt

Once you have submitted the Irish Tourist Visa application in Egypt, here’s what you can expect of the visa process:

Request for additional documents: Sometimes you’ll be asked to provide additional documents or information to support your application. Promptly provide the requested info within the specified timeframe.

Visa decision: Once the authorities have come to a decision, you will be notified via email.

Passport collection: Once the visa application is approved, collect your passport from the mentioned location. Ensure you have the necessary documentation (such as the collection receipt) for identification purposes.

Need more Ireland Tourist Visa information?

Simply contact our customer service team via online chat or email at [email protected] . They are available at any time to assist you with the application process and answer any questions you may have!

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• Passports, travel and living abroad
• Travel abroad
• Foreign travel advice

Entry requirements

This advice reflects the UK government’s understanding of current rules for people travelling on a full ‘British citizen’ passport from the UK, for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Egypt set and enforce entry rules. If you’re not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the Consulate General for Egypt in the UK .

Passport validity requirements

Your passport must be valid for 6 months from the date you arrive. Check with your travel provider to make sure your passport and other travel documents meet their requirements. Renew your passport if you need to.

Visa requirements

British passport holders travelling to Egypt normally need a visa. Visa processing fees are non-refundable.

We advise you to get a visa before you travel, particularly if travelling for work or business. You can apply for a visa from the official Visa2Egypt portal or at your nearest Egyptian Consulate . Tourist visas granted using the e-visa system are valid for a maximum of 3 months.

The online e-visa portal (Visa2Egypt) does not currently accept applications from variant British passport holders (those from British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies).

All British passport holders can get a visa in advance by submitting an application in person or by post to the Egyptian Consulate in London . The specific requirements for the visa are listed on the website.

Alternatively, if you wish to get a visa on arrival, you can do so at approved bank kiosks within airport arrival halls, before reaching immigration counters. The visa fee is 25 US dollars, payable in dollars as the preferred currency, although you may also be able to pay in pounds sterling or euros. Visas granted on arrival are valid for a maximum of 30 days. There’s no need to buy a visa from an agent. In many cases agents will charge more than US$25 for a visa. If you’re harassed by an agent, report the incident to the tourist police in the airport terminal.

If you’re travelling to Sharm el Sheikh, Dahab, Nuweiba and Taba resorts for up to 15 days, you will receive a free entry permission stamp on arrival. If you intend to travel out of these areas or stay longer than 15 days, you must get a visa.

If you have travelled to one of the South Sinai Red Sea resorts, entered without a visa and your plans have changed, you can normally purchase a visa at Sharm el Sheikh airport to allow you to travel elsewhere.

Applications for visa extensions should be made at Egyptian Passport and Immigration Offices. You may have difficulties leaving Egypt with an out of date visa. You will normally have to pay a fine if your visa is out of date by more than 14 days.

For further information and enquiries, contact the Egyptian Consulate in London .

Visa extensions

Apply for visa extensions at the Egyptian Passport and Immigration Offices. You may face difficulties if you try to leave Egypt on an expired visa. You may be fined if your visa has expired by more than 14 days.

Contact the Egyptian Consulate in London for more information.

Visas at the Egypt-Sudan Border Crossing

If you’re crossing the border from Sudan, the Egyptian authorities have advised it is still possible to get a visa on arrival for the regular cost of 25 US dollars.

HIV test for work permits

You will need to show your result from a HIV test to apply for a work permit.

Vaccination requirements

At least 8 weeks before your trip, check the vaccinations and certificates you need on TravelHealthPro’s Egypt guide . Depending on the country you’re arriving from, this may include a yellow fever vaccination certificate.

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods that can be brought into and taken out of Egypt . You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.

You’re allowed to bring in or take out up to 5,000 Egyptian pounds. There is no limit to the amount of hard currency that you can bring in, but you must declare it when you arrive if it’s worth more than 10,000 US dollars.

You must also declare certain valuables, including electrical equipment or video cameras, when you arrive. These will be noted in your passport. You may be asked to show these items again when you leave the country. If you do not have them on you, you may have to pay a high rate of customs duty.

Officials are likely to confiscate satellite phones or radio communications equipment unless you have prior clearance from the Ministry of Telecommunications.

Contact the Egyptian embassy in your country of residence for further information on customs requirements

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How to apply

Additional changes to entry, testing and quarantine requirements in response to the Omicron variant

There are temporary changes for all travellers, including Canadian citizens, regardless of their vaccination status.

Additional restrictions and requirements now apply to these countries:

• Botswana, Egypt, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Zimbabwe

News release

Changes to border measures

New border measures include

• rules for re-entering Canada, if leaving for 72 hours or less
• who is considered fully vaccinated
• rules for travelling within Canada

Starting January 15, 2022, there will be new rules for who can enter Canada as an unvaccinated or partially vaccinated traveller.

Learn more about the new measures

Venezuelan passport holders

You may need to complete extra steps when you fill out your application .

If the printed expiry date on your Venezuelan passport has passed

If the printed expiry date has passed and you’re applying for a visitor visa, study permit, work permit or to extend your stay as a temporary resident in Canada, follow these steps:

• Add 5 years to the printed expiry date shown on your passport and enter it in the expiry date field of the application form.
• Include a letter of explanation with your application stating: “I am a Venezuelan national with a Venezuelan passport, which has been extended for 5 years”.

Warning: If your passport is still expired after adding 5 years to the printed expiry date, your passport is considered expired. You’re not eligible to submit an application with that passport.

Prepare documents and apply

The reason you’re traveling to Canada determines the way you apply and the documents you need to submit with your visa application.

Why are you applying for a visitor visa?

• To visit as a tourist
• To visit for business
• To visit your spouse or partner who has sponsored you for permanent residence

What is your family member’s status in Canada?

• Canadian citizen
• Person registered under Canada’s Indian Act
• Canadian permanent resident
• Temporary resident in Canada
• For compassionate reasons
• To join a vessel as a marine crew member (known as a “seafarer”)
• None of the above

Do you plan to visit your children or grandchildren for more than 6 months?

You may be eligible to apply for a Super Visa

A super visa lets you visit your children or grandchildren for 5 years at a time. It’s a visa that provides multiple entries for a period up to 10 years.

Find out how to apply for a Super Visa

Step 1 Gather documents

Gather these documents to submit with your visa application and bring when you travel.

About the documents listed

• Not all documents listed below are required—some are optional.
• This is not an exhaustive list of acceptable proof to support your visa application.
• Only submit the recommended documents that prove you’re eligible for a visa.
• Even if you submit all the documents listed, there is no guarantee that we’ll approve your application.
• We may request more information from you in addition to what is listed here.

Documents we accept:

• passports (regular, official or diplomatic)  from most countries (see exceptions below)
• alien’s passport for stateless persons
• US Permit to Re-Enter (Form I-327)
• US Refugee Travel Document (Form I-571)
• other refugee travel documents for non-citizens

Documents we don’t accept:

• any passport issued by Somalia
• non-machine-readable passports issued by the Czech Republic
• temporary passports issued by the Republic of South Africa
• provisional passports issued by Venezuela

A clear, colour copy of your valid passport or travel document that you’ll use to travel to Canada

If you have a passport, you must provide a copy of

• the page that shows your birth date and country of origin
• any pages with stamps, visas or markings

If you have a travel document, it must be issued by a government and include your

• date of birth
• document number
• citizenship or residency status
• expiry date (if applicable)

Submit this document with your visa application.

Family members or third parties who apply on behalf of the applicant need to complete this form.

Submit the completed form with your visa application.

Each applicant 18 years or older must complete this form.

Submit the completed form with your visa application

Documents needed depend on whether a child under 18 years of age will travel with only 1 parent, with a relative or friend or alone.

You may need to show

• a letter that authorizes the minor child to travel to Canada
• other documents, such as adoption papers or a custody decree, depending on if the minor child travels alone or not

Consult Minor children travelling to Canada .

Submit these with your visa application.

• Show the border services officer when you arrive in Canada.

If you’ve travelled to Canada or to other countries, this can show that you’ve been able to get a visa in the past.

Proof of this includes copies of previous visas in your passport.

Include a clear copy of 1 or more of the following:

• your previous passports and/or visas (used within the last 10 years to travel outside your country)
• entry and exit stamps
• study and/or work permits that indicate your duration outside of your country
• expired or valid visas

Submit this document with your visa application

Documents that show how long you plan to stay and what you’ll do in Canada

Include copies of any of the following:

• flight details
• hotel reservations
• registration for an event

This can help us understand if you have enough money to support yourself during your stay in Canada.

Bank name and contact This allows us to contact your bank or financial institution with questions.

Proof it is your account Your name and address on the statement show that the account is yours.

Account details At least 6 months of account details, including balances, helps us understand your financial situation.

Use this form if you want to allow Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) to release your personal information to someone you choose.

The person you choose will be able to get information on your case file, such as the status of your application.

Business visitor

A clear, colour copy of your valid passport or travel document that you'll use to travel to Canada

Submit this with your visa application.

A clear copy of 1 or more of the following:

• study and/or work permits that indicate your duration outside your country

Copies of any of the following:

A letter from your employer can confirm that you have a stable job and will return to it. It can also show that your employer supports your visit to Canada.

The letter should be printed on your employer’s official letterhead.

The letter should include the following:

• date, no earlier than 3 months before you apply
• confirmation that you have a job with the employer
• your full name and date of birth
• date you started the job
• brief description of your job
• current salary
• contact information of your manager
• phone number
• email address
• employer information
• company name
• state or province
• Your manager or human resources contact should print their name and sign the letter.

A letter from a business or company in Canada

It can confirm that your purpose for visiting Canada is valid.

A copy of the letter from the business or company inviting you to Canada

• The letter must be written to you from the business or company.

Consult the details to include in the letter .

Visit your spouse or partner who sponsored you for permanent residence

Proof of your relationship with the person or family member inviting you to Canada

This can include a copy of

• a marriage certificate
• Statutory Declaration of Common-Law Union (IMM5409)
• a birth certificate
• an official document naming you as a parent

Each applicant 18 years and older must complete this form.

The documents needed depend on whether a child under 18 years of age will travel with only 1 parent, with a relative or friend, or alone.

• other documents, such as adoption papers or a custody decree, depending on whether the minor child travels alone

Consult Minor children travelling to Canada

A letter written by your family member in Canada

A copy of the letter from the family member inviting you to Canada

• The letter must be written to you from your family member.
• current Salary

Complete the form that declares you and your partner are in a common-law relationship. Also provide proof that you and your common-law partner have combined your affairs and set up a household together.

What is a common-law partner?

Proof can include

• joint bank accounts or credit cards
• joint ownership of a home
• joint residential leases
• joint rental receipts
• joint utilities (electricity, gas, telephone)
• joint management of household expenses
• proof of joint purchases, especially for household items
• mail addressed to either person or both people at the same address

Faster visitor visa processing for spousal applicants

If you’re being sponsored for permanent residence (PR) by your spouse or partner, you could benefit from faster processing for a visitor visa.

You may be eligible if you

• submitted an application to be sponsored for permanent residence
• received an acknowledgement of receipt (AOR) that confirms the application is in progress

Applications that need more information, for example custody documents for a child, will take longer to process.

When your sponsor receives the AOR for your permanent residence application, you can apply for a visitor visa. If you’re eligible, your visitor visa application will automatically receive faster processing. You don’t need to request it.

You must still meet all of the requirements to be eligible for a visitor visa .

Visit family (Canadian citizen, person registered under Canada’s Indian Act, or permanent resident of Canada)

Submit with visa application

Visit children or grandchildren Super visa option

Submit this with your visa or super visa application.

For super visa applicants only

Proof that medical insurance for at least $100,000 coverage has been purchased from a Canadian insurance company.

A copy of the insurance certificate or policy you received for medical insurance coverage for 1 year with a Canadian insurance company.

Submit this with your super visa application.

Documents that show that the super visa applicant’s child or grandchild meets the low income cut-off minimum.

Submit one of the following documents:

• If the child or grandchild does not have a paper copy of their notice of assessment on file, they can view and print their tax returns as well as other personal tax information using the Canada Revenue Agency My Account online service.
• a copy of the child’s or grandchild’s most recent T4 or T1
• an original letter from the child’s or grandchild’s employer stating their job title, job description and salary
• a letter from an accountant confirming the child’s or grandchild’s annual income, if they are self-employed.
• proof of other sources of income (pension statement, investments, etc.)

A document confirming that you had an  immigration medical exam (IME)

The exam must conducted by a panel physician authorized by IRCC.

Get complete details about how to get a medical exam with a panel physician.

Submit this with your super visa application, or wait for instructions from the visa office.

Visit family (temporary resident of Canada)

A letter written by your family in Canada

Documents that show how long you plan to stay and what you’ll do once in Canada

Visit for compassionate reasons

A clear, colour copy of your valid passport or travel document that you'll use to travel to Canada.

• Show the border services officer when you arrive in Canada

A letter written to you from a person or business inviting you to Canada

A copy of the letter from the person or business inviting you to Canada

• registration for an event.

Please indicate clearly if family members will accompany you to Canada.

Submit the following documents with your visa application:

• digital copy of Seaman’s Book
• digital copy of a signed Letter of Invitation from a ship or port agent in Canada
• digital copy of an Introduction Letter from recruiter shipping agency or vessel owner
• digital copy of the employment contract

Step 2 Apply through the IRCC Portal

Step 2 apply.

To apply for a visitor visa to visit Canada on business, you need to qualify as a business visitor.

To qualify, you must show that:

• you plan to stay for less than 6 months
• you don’t plan to enter the Canadian labour market
• your main place of business and source of income and profits is outside Canada

Business visitor activities include business meetings, special events or training for a few days or weeks.

If your meeting, event or conference is registered with us, include the event code in your application. You should get this code from the organizer.

Note: If you plan to stay for more than 6 months, or if you plan to work in Canada, you may be considered a temporary worker and have to  apply for a work permit .

To apply online, you need a scanner or camera to create electronic copies of your documents, and a valid credit or debit card.

Read the instruction guide before you complete your application. As an online applicant, you can ignore steps 3 and 4 of the guide (paying the fees and submitting your application).

If you’re applying for the first time , you must pay the biometrics fee when you submit your application (unless you’re exempt). Otherwise, you may experience delays.

Apply through the IRCC Secure account

Sign in to your IRCC secure account

Apply through the IRCC Portal

Only for tourists, visiting for business, family visits, compassionate reasons

Sign in to the IRCC portal

To apply for a visitor visa to join a vessel as a marine crew member (seafarer) , you must

• be travelling to Canada to join a ship’s crew
• hold a seafarer’s identity document
• hold a valid passport or travel document
• have proof of employment on a vessel at a Canadian port

As a seafarer, you’re not eligible for a transit visa and you must apply for a visitor visa (temporary resident visa).

Note: When asked to “Tell us more about what you’ll do in Canada”, include “Join vessel” or “Seafarer”.

Register to the IRCC portal

Applying on paper for specific situations

If you need a visitor visa to travel to Canada, you must apply online for one. Only online applications will be accepted and processed. However, you can apply on paper if:

• you can’t apply online because of a disability or
• you’re travelling with an identity or travel document that was issued to a refugee, a stateless person or a non-citizen

The application package includes an instruction guide and all the forms you need to fill out.

Read the guide carefully before you complete your application . We will not refund your application fee, so make sure you need a visitor visa before you apply.

Each individual applicant must submit a completed application form. Applicants under the age of 18 must have this form signed by a parent or a guardian.

Download the application package .

Pay your application fees

In most cases, your fees will include processing fees for you and anyone you include on your application.

If you’re applying for the first time, you must pay the biometrics fee when you submit your application (unless you’re exempt). Otherwise, you may experience delays.

Third-party fees

Depending on your situation, you may need to pay third parties for

• your medical exam
• a police certificate

Our instruction guides (opens in a new tab) can help you understand which fees apply to you.

Submit your application

Families should send their individual applications in one package. The principal applicant must send this combined package to the location where their application will be processed.

Select the country/territory you’ll be applying from to find out where to submit your application. You can choose your country of nationality or the country or territory where you have been legally admitted:

• Afghanistan
• Antigua and Barbuda
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• British Virgin Islands
• Burkina Faso
• Burma (Myanmar)
• Cayman Islands
• Central African Republic
• China (People’s Republic of)
• Comoros Island
• Côte d’Ivoire
• Czech Republic
• Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Dominican Republic
• El Salvador
• Equatorial Guinea
• Guinea-Bissau
• Hong Kong SAR
• Liechtenstein
• Marshall Islands
• Micronesia (Federated States of)
• Netherlands
• New Caledonia
• New Zealand
• North Korea
• North Macedonia (Republic of)
• Palestinian Authority (Gaza)
• Palestinian Authority (West Bank)
• Papua New Guinea
• Philippines
• Puerto Rico
• Sao Tome and Principe
• Saudi Arabia
• Sierra Leone
• Solomon Islands
• South Africa
• South Korea
• South Sudan
• St. Kitts and Nevis
• St. Vincent and the Grenadines
• Switzerland
• Timor-Leste (Timor oriental)
• Trinidad and Tobago
• Turkmenistan
• Turks and Caicos Islands
• United Arab Emirates
• United Kingdom
• United States of America
• US Virgin Islands

If you need to give biometrics (fingerprints and photograph), and you’re applying on paper, submit your application in person . VAC staff will check that it is complete and will confirm that you have paid the correct fees before you can give your biometrics.

Credit cards and prepaid cards

We accept the following credit cards and prepaid cards:

• MasterCard ®
• American Express ®
• UnionPay ® (for online applications only; debit cards not accepted)

If you use a prepaid credit card, keep it for at least 18 months after you pay to make refunds easier. Find more on prepaid cards .

We also accept all Visa Debit cards.

The card you use doesn’t have to be in your name. The cardholder’s name will appear on the receipt but it does not need to match your application.

Debit cards

• be from a Canadian bank using INTERAC ® Online
• be registered for online banking through your bank’s website

We also accept all Debit MasterCard ® and Visa ® Debit cards. If your card has the Visa Debit logo on it, alone or with the INTERAC ® Online logo, select Visa Debit as your payment method.

Page details

• Application forms, guides and checklists

Select and download the latest versions of all immigration forms including visa application forms. Use the guides and checklists to help you make a complete and correct application.

The application process

• Visa process overview
• Applying for your visa online
• Immigration advice for your visa application
• Applying on behalf of someone else
• Fees, decision times and where to apply
• Checking your visa application status
• How to get a temporary visa decision reviewed
• About eVisas
• Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa application guide

If you use an out-of-date visa application form your application is likely to be delayed or returned to you. Some previous versions of forms are acceptable.

Previous versions of forms that are acceptable PDF 234KB

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Do I need a visa to travel to Ireland?

Mar 30, 2024 • 4 min read

Ireland offers visa-free travel to citizens of many countries © David Levingstone / Getty Images

Visiting Ireland is a cinch if you’re visiting from a country that requires no visa or with whom Ireland has a visa waiver agreement. If you are visiting from a country with a visa requirement, then things can get a little more complicated, but here’s what you need to know to get you started.

Ireland is a small island, but it is home to two jurisdictions – which means two sets of immigration laws. Let us talk you through how it works.

Do you need a visa to visit the Republic of Ireland?

If you are from the EEA (the EU plus Norway , Iceland and Liechtenstein ) or Switzerland , you don’t need a visa to visit or work in the Republic of Ireland which is part of the EU.

British citizens in Ireland and Irish citizens in the UK (including Northern Ireland) hold a unique status under each country's national law courtesy of the long-standing Common Travel Area (CTA) agreement, which allows them to travel and work freely within the CTA. 

US citizens can visit Ireland for tourism or business without a visa for stays of up to 90 days. Your passport must be valid for the duration of their stay, but there is no requirement for it to be valid for any longer than that. For longer stays or to work or study, Americans will need to apply for a visa, which they can do through the official website of the Irish Embassy in Washington, DC.

Ireland has a visa waiver agreement with 56 other countries, including Australia , Canada , New Zealand and South Africa . A complete list of the exempted countries is available on the Citizens Information website.

Visa requirements for the rest of the world

Citizens of all other countries require a short stay "C" visa if they want to visit Ireland for any reason including tourism, visiting family, getting married or even if they wish to transit through Ireland.

The application process is laid out in detail by the Irish Immigration Service , and must be completed before travelling to Ireland. Families travelling together need to fill out applications for each individual as there’s no family visa option.

What you need to know about working holidays visas 

Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan and the United States may be able to apply for a Working Holiday Authorisation through the Irish embassy in your country. This allows you to come to Ireland to work for a certain period, but it’s only available to applicants aged between 18 and 30 (35 in some cases).

No matter where you are coming from you will have to register for an Irish Residence Permit as soon as possible after you arrive in Ireland if you intend to stay more than 90 days.

How much will a visa cost?

There are three kinds of short stay visas. A single entry visa is €60, while a multi-entry visa – where you wish to come in and out of the country on multiple occasions over the course of the visa validity period – costs €100. Transit visas are €25.

The fee covers only the administrative cost of processing the visa; it does not cover the cost of submitting any additional documents. For specific information on any additional charges or costs, refer to the website of the Irish embassy or consulate in your country of residence.

The Irish Immigration Service has a dedicated page on how to pay the visa fee.

Visiting Northern Ireland

Although Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom and therefore not part of the EU, there is no physical border between the Republic and the North, which means frictionless travel between the two jurisdictions.

Like the rest of the United Kingdom, visas are generally not needed for stays of up to six months for tourism or visiting friends and family – if you are a citizen of the EEA nations, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Japan, Israel, South Africa and the USA.

However, since 2022 citizens of countries that do require a visa are covered under the terms of the British-Irish Visa Scheme (BIVS) , which allows for mutual recognition of short-stay visas between the UK and Ireland. This means that a British short-stay visa will be valid for travel onward to Ireland, and an Irish short-stay visa will be valid for travel onward to the UK. Visas that are valid for use under this scheme will have "BIVS" endorsed on them.

Citizens from countries requiring a visa should apply for a visa from the country in which you will arrive first. The vast majority of international arrivals to Ireland are through Dublin, but if you are arriving into Belfast first, you will need to apply for a visa from the UK Home Office, where you will also find a full list of those countries that require one.

A visa for the UK lasts six months and costs £115.

Ready to plan your trip to Ireland? Here are your next steps:

• Plan your trip to Ireland with this guide to top things to do . 
• Read on for the best time to go to Ireland .
• Save this transportation guide on the best ways to get around.
• These road trips will take you to all the highlights in Ireland. 
• Get into the great outdoors in Ireland with these top hikes to tackle.

This article was first published Mar 23, 2021 and updated Mar 30, 2024.

Search by keyword

Migration and asylum in europe – 2023 edition, migration-2023-introduction.

Migration and asylum in Europe  –  2023 interactive publication provides key data and trends on migration and asylum. It looks at topics such as people migrating to the EU, within the EU and from the EU, international protection of non-EU nationals, and irregular migration.

This publication allows you to explore, visualise and compare indicators on migration and asylum at EU and country level.

migration-2023-ch1-population-diversity

Population diversity.

Learn more about the main destination countries of migrants, the reasons why non-EU citizens move to the EU, and the demography of nationals and non-nationals in the EU countries. This section presents statistics on immigration and emigration, citizenship, and residence permits for non-EU citizens.

migration-2023-image-grid-1

In 2022, 8% of the people living in EU countries were non-nationals. 3% were citizens of another EU country and 5% of a non-EU country.

migration-2023-ch11-migration-eu

Migration to and from the eu.

In 2021, 2.3 million immigrants came to the EU from non-EU countries. This is an increase of nearly 18% compared with 1.9 million in 2020, but still below the pre-COVID-19 level of 2.7 million in 2019.

In 21 out of 27 EU countries, 50% or more immigrants came from outside the EU in 2021. The largest shares were observed in Lithuania (81% of all its immigrants), Spain (80%) and Slovenia (79%). In contrast, the lowest share was recorded in Luxembourg, where immigrants from outside the EU made up 9% of all its immigrants.

In absolute numbers, the most popular countries of destination for immigrants from outside the EU in 2021 were Germany (439 000 persons or 19% of all immigrants who came to the EU from non-EU countries) and Spain (421 000 or 19%), ahead of Italy (248 000 or 11%) and France (238 000 or 11%). People who migrated to these 4 EU members represented 60% of all immigrants who entered the EU from non-EU countries in 2021.

In the same year, about 1.1 million people emigrated from the EU to a non-EU country. This is also an increase compared with 956 000 people in 2020, and almost back to the pre-COVID-19 level of 1.2 million.

In 8 out of 27 EU countries, more than 50% of emigrants went to a country outside the EU in 2021. The largest share of people who emigrated to a non-EU country was recorded in France (68% of all its emigrants), followed by Slovenia (65%), Lithuania (64%) and Spain (63%). On the other hand, the lowest shares were observed in Slovakia (18% of all its emigrants) and Luxembourg (16%).

In absolute terms, the largest number of emigrants was recorded in Spain (239 000 or 21% of all emigrants to a non-EU country), followed by Germany (158 000 or 14%) and France (120 000 or 11%). Emigrants from these 3 EU members made up 46% of all emigrants leaving the EU countries in 2021. 

At EU level, the difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants resulted in a positive net migration in 2021, meaning that over 1 million more people moved to the EU than moved out.

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For more information

• Statistics Explained article on migrant and migrant population statistics

migration-2023-ch12-free-movement

Free movement of people in the eu.

EU citizens have the right to free movement in the EU and to establish their residence in any EU country. In 2021, 1.4 million people moved from one EU country to another. This is an increase of 10% compared with 2020, which was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

An analysis by place of previous residence reveals that in 2021 Germany was the country with the largest number of immigrants from other EU members (328 000 or 24% of all immigrants from other EU countries), followed by Poland (111 000 or 8%), Spain (108 000 or 8%), the Netherlands (106 000 or 8%) and Romania (104 000 or 8%).

In relative terms, Luxembourg recorded the largest share of immigrants coming from another EU country (91% of all its immigrants in 2021), followed by Slovakia (68%) and Austria (56%).

migration-2023-ch13-european-melting-pot

Citizenships in the eu.

In 2022, whilst most people in the EU lived in their country of citizenship, 8% (37 million) of the EU population were citizens of another country than their country of residence. 3% (14 million) were citizens of another EU country and 5% (24 million) of a non-EU country. Additionally, the EU population included 53 000 stateless people and 303 000 who were of unknown citizenship. 

Luxembourg topped the list of countries with the highest share of non-nationals in their population (47%), ahead of Malta (21%), Cyprus (19%), Austria (18%), and Estonia (15%). 

Looking specifically at citizens from other EU members, the largest share was recorded in Luxembourg (38%) followed by Cyprus (10%). The proportion of citizens from outside the EU was largest in Estonia (14%), Latvia (13%),  and Malta (12%).

In contrast, non-nationals represented less than 1% of the population in Romania (0.3%) and Croatia (0.9%).

migration-2023-ch13-2-european-melting-pot

In the eu countries, non-nationals are younger than nationals.

As on 1 January 2022, across the EU countries, people who were non-nationals in the respective EU country were younger than the national population. 

The distribution by age group shows that, compared with nationals, the non-national population has a greater proportion of relatively young working age adults aged 20 to 49. This is the case for both men and women. One can see that:

• men aged 20 to 49 accounted for 29% of the non-national population, compared with 18% of the national population;
• women aged 20 to 49 accounted for 27% of the non-national population, compared with 18% of the national population. 

In contrast, the shares of people who are over 50 years were smaller for non-nationals than nationals. For example:

• men aged over 50 accounted for 12% of the non-national population, compared with 20% for nationals; 
• women aged over 50 accounted for 13% of the non-national population, compared with 24% of the national population. 

migration-2023-ch13-3-european-melting-pot

Romanians are the largest group of eu citizens residing in other eu countries.

Citizens of EU countries have the right to live and work in any other EU country.

In 2022, Romania was the country with the largest number of its own nationals living in other EU members (3.1 million people or 24% of all EU citizens living in another EU country as non-nationals), ahead of Poland and Italy (both 1.5 million or 11%).

• Interactive map on EU citizens living in other EU countries
• Thematic page on international migration and citizenship

migration-2023-ch14-residence-permits

Residence permits.

People from abroad move to the EU for different reasons, for example to work, to join their family, or to study. Non-EU citizens can stay in the EU if they obtain a residence permit.

In 2022, all the EU countries combined issued almost 3.5 million first residence permits to non-EU citizens. This is an increase of 18% compared with 2021 and of 14% compared with the pre-COVID-19 level in 2019.

Poland granted the highest number of permits (700  000 or 20% of total permits issued in the EU), followed by Germany (539  000 or 16%), Spain (467  000 or 14%), Italy (338  000 or 10%) and France (324  000 or 9%).

Most of the first-residence permits were granted to citizens from Ukraine (374  000 or 11% of all permits), Belarus (310  000 or 9%) and India (183  000 or 5%).

Work was the main reason for residence permits in 2022

The reasons for granting these residence permits in 2022 were:

• work: 1.2 million or 36% of all first residence permits issued 
• family reasons: 896  000 or 26%
• education: 457  000 or 13%

The remaining 25% of residence permits (861  000) were granted for other reasons such as international protection. 

The situation varies across the EU. In 2022, the share of permits issued for work reasons was largest in Croatia (93% of all first residence permits granted for employment reasons), ahead of Romania (74%) and Malta (73%). Family was the main reason in Belgium (49%), Luxembourg and Greece (both 45%), while education had the biggest share in Ireland (48%) and France (32%). The share of other reasons was highest in Austria (50%).

• Statistics Explained article on first residence permits issued
• Statistics Explained article on residence permits - statistics on stock of valid permits at the end of the year
• Thematic page on managed migration

migration-2023-ch2-international-protection

Protection and asylum.

There are many reasons why people migrate, including seeking protection from conflict, persecution, and human rights violations. This section presents statistics on asylum seekers, including children, and the different forms of protection given by the EU countries.

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In 2022, the EU countries granted protection status to 384 000 asylum seekers, up by 39% compared with 2021 (275 000).

migration-2023-ch21-asylum-applicants

Asylum applicants.

In 2022, 875  000 people applied for international protection in the EU countries for the first time . This is an increase of 63% compared with 2021 and is the highest number since the peaks recorded during the refugee crisis related to the war in Syria in 2015 and 2016.

The EU countries that received the highest number of first-time applications in 2022 were Germany (218 000 or 25% of all first-time asylum applications in the EU) and France (138 000 or 16%), followed by Spain (116 000 or 13%), Austria (110 000 or 13%) and Italy (77 000 or 9%). These 5 EU countries together accounted for 75% of all first-time asylum applications in the EU.

Compared with the population of each EU country, the highest rate of first-time applicants in 2022 was recorded in Cyprus (24  000 applicants per million people), ahead of Austria (12  000) and Luxembourg (4  000). By contrast, the lowest rate was observed in Slovakia (90 per million people) and Hungary (5).

migration-2023-ch21-2-asylum-applicants

Syrians, afghans, venezuelans, and turks lodged the most asylum applications in the eu.

Almost half (47%) of the first-time asylum applicants in 2022 had Asian citizenship, 22% African citizenship, 16% European citizenship (non-EU) and 14% had North or South American citizenship. The share of persons who were stateless or with unknown citizenship was 1%.

In 2022, Syria was the main country of citizenship of asylum seekers (132 000 first-time applications or 15% of all first-time applications in the EU), ahead of Afghanistan (114 000 or 13%), Venezuela (50 000 or 6%) and Türkiye (49 000 or 6%).

migration-2023-asylum-image-grid

Check how many first-time asylum applications from outside the EU were lodged in your country in 2022 and the main citizenships of applicants.

• Statistics Explained article on asylum applications – annual statistics
• Statistics Explained article on asylum applications – monthly statistics
• Thematic page on asylum

migration-2023-ch22-asylum-decisions

Asylum decisions.

In 2022, around 850 000 decisions on asylum applications were taken by the EU countries. Of these, 632 000 decisions were taken at first instance and 217 000 were final decisions taken upon appeal or review of first instance decisions.

First instance decisions granted protection status  to 311 000 asylum seekers, an increase of 54% compared with 2021. Through final decisions, the EU members granted protection status to 73 000 asylum seekers, a situation almost unchanged compared with 2021.

migration-2023-accordion

More on first instance decisions.

In 2022, 23% or 143 000 first instance decisions taken by the EU countries granted refugee status, 16% or 102 000  subsidiary protection,  and 10% or 66 000  humanitarian protection .

The share of refugee status in all first decisions was highest in Portugal, where more than 7 out of 10 first instance decisions (71%) granted refugee status, followed by Luxembourg (59%).

The proportion of subsidiary protection was highest in Estonia (93% of all first instance decisions) and Bulgaria (89%).

The largest share of humanitarian protection was recorded in Ireland (47% of all first instance decisions).

The main beneficiaries of protection status were Syrians (32% of all asylum applicants who received protection status at first instance in the EU), followed by Afghans (23%) and Venezuelans (7%).

More on final decisions after an appeal or review

In 2022, 12% or 27 000 decisions taken upon appeal or review in the EU granted refugee status, 8% or 17 000  subsidiary protection, and 13% or 29 000  humanitarian protection .

Refugee status represented 50% of final decisions in Finland and Slovakia, the largest shares in the EU. The share of subsidiary protection was largest in Bulgaria (80%) and of humanitarian protection in Italy (56%).

The main beneficiaries of protection status were Afghans (22% of all asylum applicants granted protection status by final decisions in the EU), followed by Syrians (12%) and Nigerians (8%).

migration-2023-asylum-decisions-2

In 2022, nearly half of asylum applicants received protection in first instance decisions.

To better understand who is granted protection in the EU, the recognition rate can be used. This rate represents the number of positive decisions as a percentage of the total number of decisions on applications for protection status.

In 2022, the recognition rate stood at 49% for first instance decisions, meaning there were 311 000 positive decisions out of 632 000 total decisions, and at 34% for final decisions in appeal or review, representing 73 000 positive decisions out of 217 000.

Among the EU countries, the recognition rate at first instance was highest in Estonia (96%), Bulgaria (91%) and the Netherlands (87%). In contrast, it was lowest in Cyprus (6%) and Malta (15%).

As regards final decisions, Bulgaria recorded a 100% recognition rate, meaning that all final decisions were positive. It was followed by Italy (72%), Austria and the Netherlands (each 67%). At the opposite end of the scale, the rate was equal to zero in Estonia and Portugal, meaning that no positive final decisions were taken in these countries, and it was almost zero in Cyprus and Poland.

Among the top 10 citizenships that received first instance decisions in 2022, Syrians (94%), Afghans (85%) and Venezuelans (76%) had the highest recognition rates. Among the top 10 citizenships that received final instance decisions after an appeal or review in 2022, the citizenships with the highest recognition rates were Syrian (79%), Afghan (74%) and Iranian (44%).

migration-2023-ch23-temporary-protection

Temporary protection.

Temporary protection is an exceptional measure to provide immediate and temporary protection to displaced people from non-EU countries and those who are unable to return to their country of origin. 

Since Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine started in February 2022, the EU countries have granted temporary protection to people fleeing Ukraine.

By 31 December 2022, around 3.8 million non-EU citizens who fled Ukraine had received temporary protection status in the EU. Around 98% of them had Ukrainian citizenship.

The main EU countries where people fleeing Ukraine stayed in 2022 were Germany (968 000 or 25% of the total), Poland (961 000 or 25%) and Czechia (432 000 or 11%).

Compared with the population of each EU country, the highest numbers of temporary protection beneficiaries at the end of 2022 were recorded in Czechia (41.1 beneficiaries per 1 000 people), followed by Estonia (28.8) and Poland (25.5). In contrast, the lowest numbers were observed in France (1.0 per 1 000 people), Greece (2.1), and Italy (2.5). At EU level, there were 8.6 beneficiaries of temporary protection for every 1 000 people.

• Statistics Explained article on temporary protection for persons fleeing Ukraine - monthly statistics
• Thematic section on the impact of the war in Ukraine

migration-2023-ch24-children-under-protection

Children under international protection.

In 2022, 236 000 asylum applicants were less than 18 years old, accounting for 25% of all applicants in the EU. Of these, around 40 000 or 17% were unaccompanied minors .

Compared with 2021, the number of asylum applications lodged by unaccompanied minors rose by 57%.

Most of the asylum applications from unaccompanied minors in 2022 were lodged either by Afghans (18 000 people or 45% of all first-time asylum applicants) or Syrians (10 000 or 24%).

The EU countries that received the highest number of asylum applications from unaccompanied minors in 2022 were Austria (13 000) and Germany (7 000), followed by the Netherlands (4 000) and Bulgaria (3 000).

2 in 3 first instance decisions on applications of unaccompanied minors were favourable

In 2022, the EU countries took 11 300 first instance decisions on asylum applications from unaccompanied minors. Of these, 8 400 or 74% were positive, meaning that they granted a protection status . Thus, the recognition rate for unaccompanied minors at first instance was higher than for adults (42%).

Across the EU countries, Germany issued the most positive decisions on applications from unaccompanied minors (2 900 or 34% of the EU total), followed by the Netherlands (1 400 or 17%), Italy and Greece (each 1 000 or 12%).

• Statistics Explained article on children in migration – asylum applicants
• Thematic page on children in migration

migration-2023-ch3-irregular-migration-return

Irregular migration and return.

Irregular migration is when non-EU citizens attempt to enter or stay in the EU territory without complying with the legal requirements. This section presents data on people who were refused entry to the EU, who are illegally present in the EU, and people who were returned.  

migration-2023-image-grid-3

In 2022, 143 000 non-EU citizens were refused entry into the EU, 1.1 million were found to be illegally present, 431 000 were ordered to leave an EU country and 74 000 were returned to a country outside the EU.

migration-2023-ch31-irregular-migration

Irregular migration.

In 2022, 143 000 non-EU citizens were refused entry into the EU at one of its external borders . Of these, 62% were stopped at external land borders, 34% at air borders and 4% at sea borders.

The main grounds for refusing entry to the EU were either that the purpose and conditions of stay were not justified (24% of all refusals) or that the people refused entry did not have a valid visa or residence permit (23%).

The situation varies across the EU countries. Some EU members do not have external EU borders, as they are either landlocked or only have an internal land border within the  Schengen area .

In 2022, Poland reported the largest number of refusals (23 000 or 16% of the EU total), ahead of Hungary (16 000 or 11%) and Croatia (12 000 or 8%). Most of the refusals at land borders were recorded in Poland, at sea borders in Italy and at air borders in Ireland.

Ukrainians accounted for the largest number of people refused entry to the EU in 2022 (29 000 people), followed by Albanians (16 000) and Russians (12 000).

migration-2023-ch31-2-irregular-migration

In 2022, around 1.1 million non-EU citizens were found to be illegally present in the EU. This is an increase of 65% compared with 2021. Among the EU countries, the largest number of illegally present people was found in Hungary (223 000 or 20% of the EU total), Germany (198 000 or 18%) and Italy (138 000 or 12%).

Syrians were the biggest group of people found to be illegally present in the EU (197 000 people), ahead of Afghans (114 000) and Moroccans (60 000).

migration-2023-ch32-orders-leave-returns

Orders to leave and returns .

In 2022, a total of 431 000 non-EU citizens received an order to leave the EU country they were staying in. This is an increase of 27% compared with 2021. Among the EU countries, France issued the most return decisions (136 000 or 31% of all orders to leave issued in the EU), followed by Germany (44 000 or 10%), Croatia (41 000 or 9%), and Greece (34 000 or 8%).

Algerians (34 000) were the largest group of non-EU citizens ordered to leave the territory of an EU country, followed by Moroccans (31 000) and Pakistanis (25 000).

74 000 people were returned to a country outside the EU in 2022

In 2022, around 74 000 non-EU citizens were returned outside the EU, following an order to leave the territory of a specific EU country. 

The highest number of returns was recorded in France and Sweden (each 8 600 or 12% of all returns to non-EU countries), and Germany (7 700 or 11%).

The biggest groups of people returned to a country outside the EU were Albanians (9 500), followed by Georgians (7 500) and Turks (4 000).

• Statistics Explained article on enforcement of immigration legislation statistics
• Statistics Explained article on returns of irregular migrants - quarterly statistics

migration-2023-ch4-migrant-skills

Skills of migrants.

The European Year of Skills, held during 2023-2024, aims to promote a mindset of reskilling and upskilling, helping people to get the right skills for relevant quality jobs.

In addition to the residence permits described earlier, there are various types of authorisations that allow non-EU citizens to study and work in the EU countries, making full use of their skills and talent. This section presents statistics on the EU Blue Cards, authorisations for study and research, and intra-corporate transfers.  

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The EU countries issued 82 000 Blue Cards, 421 000 permits to study and research and 11 000 intra-corporate transfer permits to non-EU citizens in 2022.

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Attracting skills and talent, eu blue card for highly qualified workers.

The EU Blue Cards is a work and residence permit for  highly qualified people  from outside the EU.

In 2022, around 82 000 highly qualified non-EU workers received an EU Blue Card. Germany issued the largest number (63 000 or 77% of all EU Blue Cards), followed by Poland (5 000 or 6%), Lithuania and France (each 3 900 or 5%).

Citizens of India were granted the most EU Blue Cards in 2022 (20 000 or 24% of all Blue Cards issued in the EU), ahead of citizens of Russia (8 000 or 9%), Belarus (6 000 or 7%) and Türkiye (5 000 or 6%).

Permits for researchers and students

Non-EU citizens can also stay in the EU to study and do research. In total, in 2022, the EU countries issued 421 000 authorisations for study and research. Germany issued most authorisations (132 000 or 31% of all permits in the EU), followed by France (110 000 or 26%) and Spain (53 000 or 13%).

The main recipients were citizens from China (42 000 or 10% of all permits in the EU), India (40 000 or 10%), the United States (21 000 or 5%) and Morocco (20 000 or 5%).

Intra-corporate transfers of staff

Non-EU citizens can also apply for a so-called intra-corporate transfer residence permit to work in the EU. This means they can be posted from a company operating outside the EU to a branch in one of the EU countries. In 2022, the EU members issued in total 10 500 transfer permits, with the largest numbers in the Netherlands (3 300 or 31% of all permits), Germany (1 800 or 17%) and Hungary (1 600 or 15%).

Most of these permits were given to citizens from India (4 500 or 43% of all permits), China (1 200 or 11%) and South Korea (1 100 or 11%).

migration-2023-ch42-migrant-skills-match

Overqualification of migrants.

Looking at employed non-EU citizens aged 20-64 years with a degree , 39% of them were overqualified in 2022, meaning they were working in a low- or medium-skilled job position, for which a degree was not required. This compares with 32% for EU citizens living in another EU country and 21% for nationals living in their own country.

Across the EU countries, the over-qualification rate of non-EU citizens was highest in Greece (74%), Italy (68%) and Spain (58%). In contrast, it was lowest in Luxembourg (12%), the Netherlands (22%), and Finland (24%).

In comparison, the overqualification rate for employed EU citizens living in other EU countries was highest in Italy (49%), Cyprus (48%) and Spain (44%), while it was lowest in Luxembourg (7%), Czechia (11%) and Malta (16%).

migration-2023-image-grid-5

Check additional indicators in the Migrant integration and inclusion dashboard.

• Statistics Explained article on residence permits – statistics on authorisations to reside and work
• Statistics Explained article on migrant integration statistics - overqualification
• Thematic page on migrant integration
• European Year of Skills 2023

migration-2023-about-this-publication

About this publication.

Migration and asylum in Europe is an interactive publication released by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union.

Information on data

The data displayed in the visualisations come directly from the Eurostat online database for the reference year(s) mentioned in the visualisation. The accompanying text is from January 2024 and reflects the data situation at that moment in time. The data displayed in the visualisation on first-time asylum applicants by citizenships are from March 2023. 

• Thematic section on migration and asylum
• Database on international migration , asylum , managed migration , children in migration and migrant integration
• Statistics Explained articles on migration and asylum

If you have questions on the data, please contact the Eurostat user support .

Copyright and re-use policy

This publication should not be considered as representative of the European Commission’s official position.

© European Union, 2024

The reuse policy of European Commission documents is implemented based on Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Except otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) licence. This means that reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated.

For any use or reproduction of elements that are not owned by the European Union, permission may need to be sought directly from the respective rightholders. The European Union does not own the copyright in relation to the following elements:

Cover photo: © r.classen/Shutterstock.com Population diversity: © fizkes/Shutterstock.com Protection and asylum: © Halfpoint/Shutterstock.com Irregular migration and return: © triple_v/Shutterstock.com Skills of migrants: © Atitaph_StockPHoTo/Shutterstock.com

For more information, please consult our page on copyright notice and free re-use of data .

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Product code: KS-FW-23-004 ISBN 978-92-68-04508-4 ISSN 2600-3368 doi:10.2785/353399

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Israel-Hamas war latest: Hamas 'wants written guarantees from US' before agreeing to ceasefire deal; Israel ponders 'extensive' response to Hezbollah rockets

Hamas says it wants written guarantees from the US before agreeing to a ceasefire deal - as Israel mulls its response to scores of rockets fired from Lebanon following the killing of a senior Hezbollah commander in a presumed Israeli airstrike last night.

Wednesday 12 June 2024 17:41, UK

• Israel-Hamas war

Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player

• 90 missiles fired at northern Israel from Lebanon after 'massive' alerts | Further 70 sent in second barrage | IDF strikes back
• Israel 'has not decided' whether extensive reaction required in Lebanon
• Hezbollah claims responsibility for strikes after commander death
• Confusion remains over Biden ceasefire deal
• Explained:  The three phases of the deal and what key players have said
• UN finds war crimes committed by both Israel and Hamas in early months of war
• Live reporting by Emily Mee , Mark Wyatt and, earlier,  Ollie Cooper

The head of the World Health Organisation (WHO) says that a significant proportion of Gaza's population is now facing "catastrophic hunger and famine-like conditions."

Since 7 October, the escalating crisis in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territory has caused large numbers of civilian deaths and injuries.

The vast majority of these have been in Gaza, where airstrikes and a lack of medical supplies, food, water and fuel have almost completely wiped out an already under-resourced health system.

"Despite reports of increased delivery of food, there is currently no evidence that those who need it most are receiving sufficient quantity and quality of food," said WHO director general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

“A significant proportion of Gaza’s population is now facing catastrophic hunger and famine-like conditions."

Tedros says there are more than 8,000 children under five years old who have been diagnosed with acute malnutrition, including 1,600 children with severe acute malnutrition.

He said: "Our inability to provide health services safely, combined with the lack of clean water and sanitation, significantly increases the risk of malnourished children."

In the southern suburbs of Beirut, crowds turned out to mourn the death of senior Hezbollah commander Taleb Sami Abdullah. 

He was killed late yesterday in an Israeli strike in southern Lebanon. 

Hezbollah fired a huge barrage of rockets into northern Israel today in response. 

A blame game appears to be taking place between Hamas and the US today, with both sides accusing the other of causing problems with the ceasefire proposal. 

White House national security adviser Jake Sullivan has been discussing the proposal this afternoon, after the US said Hamas had proposed "unworkable" changes. 

"Many of the proposed changes are minor and not unanticipated," Mr Sullivan said. 

"Others differ more substantially from what was outlined in the UN Security Council resolution." 

Mr Sullivan did not provide details as to the changes the US is claiming Hamas proposed.

He added that the US would work with Egypt and Qatar to bridge the gaps in the proposal. 

Hamas earlier denied it had put forward new changes to the potential deal.

Some clue as to the nature of the disagreement - and the changes the US is referring to - was offered in comments senior Hamas official Osama Hamdan made to Al Mayadeen yesterday.

He told the outlet that the plan discusses a ceasefire in Gaza but does not specify that it is permanent - despite Joe Biden having referred to a permanent ceasefire.

"We have amended this," Mr Hamdan said.

Firefighters in northern Israel have brought fires sparked by Hezbollah rockets under control, according to a report in the Times of Israel.

More than 160 rockets were launched at Israel from southern Lebanon, after Israel struck and killed a senior Hezbollah commander overnight.

No casualties have been reported.

Teams are still working to fully extinguish the blazes in the Birya Forest and the Kadita, Ein Zeitim, and Zivon communities.

A Hamas official has denied the militant group put forward new ideas for the US-backed ceasefire proposal. 

Osama Hamdan told Al-Araby TV that US secretary of state Antony Blinken was "part of the problem, not the solution" in the conflict. 

Mr Blinken earlier blamed Hamas for the lack of a deal, saying it had suggested numerous changes - some of which were "unworkable". 

The proposal was initially outlined by Joe Biden at the end of last month, but has so far failed to produce a deal. 

We're just hearing from our Middle East correspondent Alistair Bunkall on the latest developments in ceasefire talks. 

He says Hamas has always stuck to its position that there will be no deal unless a ceasefire is made permanent from the outset, while Israel has always refused to countenance this. 

Israel says it wants to keep fighting Hamas until "total victory". 

"That gap has never been bridged between the two sides," says Bunkall, adding that compromise will be needed from one of the parties in order for a deal to be done. 

US secretary of state Antony Blinken is putting the blame at Hamas's door for the lack of deal, saying everyone else is signed up to the most recent proposal. 

But Bunkall says he is "not entirely sure that's true" as there is "disquiet" in the Israeli cabinet, particularly on the far right. 

He says it's possible the "ultimate outcome" is that the two sides keep fighting but with Mr Blinken in the region visiting the major stakeholders in this conflict, there will be a "push" to get a ceasefire deal closer.

A little earlier we brought you comments from US secretary of state Antony Blinken on Hamas's proposed ceasefire changes. 

We can now bring you more on what he said on UN findings that both Israel and Hamas committed war crimes in the early months of the war. 

Mr Blinken said the US continues "to do the work to make our own assessments" on whether there have been violations of human rights and international humanitarian law. 

He said he had not seen the findings "but of course we'll look at that". 

"We continue to look very carefully at international humanitarian law, laws of armed conflict, human rights," he said.

These images show fires raging and smoke rising from northern Israel, following hours of Hezbollah strikes.

No casualties have been reported, but firefighters continue to tackle the resulting blazes. 

A short time ago, Antony Blinken began a news conference alongside Qatari Prime Minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim al Thani in Doha. 

At the beginning of the conference, he discussed the latest developments with the ceasefire deal outlined by Joe Biden at the end of May. 

The US secretary of state said Hamas had proposed a number of changes to the framework put forward by Washington. 

"We discussed those changes last night... some of the changes are workable, some are not," he said. 

He then outlined where the deal stands. 

"A deal was on the table that was virtually identical to one that Hamas put forward on 6 May... Hamas could have answered with a single word: 'Yes'."

"Instead, Hamas waited nearly two weeks and then proposed more changes, a number of which go beyond positions that it [had] previously taken and accepted." 

"As a result, the war will go on," he said, before adding that he would do everything he can to get a deal done. 

He believes the gaps between the parties are bridgeable. 

"Look, Israel accepted the proposal, Hamas didn't... if Hamas continues to say no then it will be clear that they have made a choice to continue the war that they started."

He insisted that the deal was still on the table. 

"We'll have to see over the coming days... [but] the longer this goes on, the more people suffer," he said.

He also said that the coming weeks would see the US State Department come up with key ideas for the potential "day after" policy. 

"Hamas cannot and will not be allowed to decide the future for this region and its people," he concluded. 

The Hamas-run health ministry says at least 37,202 Palestinians have now been killed in Israeli strikes on Gaza since 7 October.

A further 84,932 have been injured, it added.

The figures reported by the ministry do not differentiate between fighters and civilians.

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