2016 trek fuel ex 8 seatpost diameter

Tested: Trek Fuel EX 8 29 2016

The not-so-minor details.

Trek Fuel EX 8 29

Trek Bikes Australia

AUD3,499.00

Size tested:

Great handling. Neat improvements over previous model. Proven Trek suspension performance. Very easy to get setup well.

Reasonably heavy.

Everybody has a word which they chronically mis-type. For this reviewer, it’s the word ‘fuel’… about 30% of the time, my fingers will key in the spelling ‘feul’, pushed into another typo by some inexplicably entrenched neurological pathway. While we battle with typing the word, we sure as hell didn’t battle with this bike: the 2016 Trek Fuel (yay, got it first time!) EX8 29 is a solid trail companion, and showcases some excellent improvements from the previous iteration of this bike.

We’re well placed now to comment on this bike’s performance too, having spent a year on both a 2015 Fuel 29er, and 2015 and 2016 versions of the Fuel EX 9.8 27.5.

[divider]What is it and who’s it for?[/divider]

While some brands are going all-in with 27.5, others like Trek still feel that 29″ hoops are going to remain popular and desirable beyond the realms of the XC race category. The confidence, traction and generally sure-footedness of a 29er with trail bike geometry does still make it the ideal platform for a lot of riders. Trek have reinforced this viewpoint by investing in reworking the 29er version of the Fuel frame.

Coming in at under three and a half grand, the EX8 29 sits at a price point that makes it the first ‘serious’ mountain bike for a lot of riders, and as such it needs to be able to handle the demands of a rider who suddenly has equipment that will let them push their limits a lot further. We think it nails it, delivering with a mix of proven Trek tech (the ABP/Full Floater suspension for instance) and new innovations (like the Boost hub spacing) which have facilitated some welcomed improvements to this bike’s geometry and handling that make it even more confidence inspiring.

Aluminium trail bikes mightn’t be a sexy category, but they are the bread and butter of the mountain bike industry. And bread and butter is still freakin’ delicious, especially as a pudding.

[divider]The frame: Big chop, less flop, more BB drop.[/divider]

Until you inspect closely or get out the tape measure (everybody does that, right?) you could easily overlook the changes that Trek have made to the Fuel 29er frame. First up, it gets Boost rear dropout spacing, with the rear hub a whopping 148mm wide. The extra width not only allows the rear wheel to be made stiffer, but because the chainline is shifted outward slightly too, it helps solve some of the tyre clearance issues that plague 29ers.

Long, tech-nerd story cut short, Boost spacing has allowed Trek to chop a massive 18mm off the length of the Fuel 29er’s chain stays.

At the same time, the rear end is stiffer too, alleviating two of our main gripes with the previous Fuel 29er; we never really got comfy with the super long rear end on earlier versions of this bike, and the rear end ‘twang’ robbed it of confidence. In comparison, this bike is crazy solid out back, and feels a lot better balanced too, with more wheelbase out in front, and less trailing you.

The Fuel 29er gets some geometry adjustment too for 2016, via Trek’s simple Mino-Link system. In the slacker setting, the head angle is a stable 68.8-degrees, compared to 69.5 on the 2015 bike. The bottom bracket is 4mm lower too. Put all these ingredients – stiffer, slacker, lower, shorter stays – into the melting pot and you get tasty blend that gives riders more confidence. And as we stressed before, in this category and price point, that should be the performance priority.

The only serious gripe we have with this frame (and we mention it in every Trek review) is the ABP skewer. It hangs out the back of the bike like some kind of anchor, smashing into rocks willy nilly. Please hire some smart engineer to fix this! Water bottle clearance is also super tight, and a 500ml bottle is a real squeeze.

[divider]All the right bits for a good time[/divider]

It’s not just the frame which contributes to the Fuel’s increased confidence, but a whole bunch of smart spec choices too. A 750mm-bar and 70mm stem combo is a real winner, giving you a strong position over the front end, and the Bontrager XR3 tyres are a proper 2.3″ width as well.

Of course a dropper post is a must on this kind of bike now, and the KS LEV on the Fuel works well. Being cable operated, it’s easy enough to maintain too.

Even though the Shimano 10-speed SLX shifters feel a little clunky (especially in comparison to the new 11-speed XT gear), the 2×10 drivetrain will suit most. In an ideal world, we’d go a single chain ring, and fit something like a Praxis 11-40 cassette, to simplify and lighten the bike a bit.

Shimano’s affordable Deore brakes feel a million bucks! They don’t have a huge amount of bite or raw power, but they’re super consistent and have a light, precise lever feel that’s easy to modulate.

[divider]Skinny legs[/divider]

Just like the rear end, the fork also gets Boost hub spacing, with 110mm-wide dropouts. The stance of the fork is noticeably wider, like it’s been riding a horse, but the legs are still only 32mm. With all the other tweaks that have been made to improve the bike’s stiffness and confidence, we’d have loved to see a 34mm-legged fork on this bike.

[divider]Instant gratification[/divider]

One hallmark of a quality bike is the length of time it takes to get comfortable and feel like you’ve got the setup dialled. With the Fuel EX8 29, it was seconds, not minutes or hours. Something about the Full Floater suspension system makes it incredibly easy to get right, or very close to it. While other bikes will punish you with a harsh or soggy ride if your suspension pressures are a little off, Trek’s system seems to handle a much bigger margin of error without issue. A quick check of the suspension sag and you’re 95% of the way there, with only fine tuning to do down the track. The same with the fork too, which might lack the more supportive damping of more expensive FOX offerings, but is very easy to get balanced with the rear end.

The handling is similarly simple to live with, and a marked improvement over previous Fuel 29ers. We always found the long rear end of the older Fuel 29ers made the bike feel like it needed to be steered through corners, and leaning it over wasn’t so easy. The 2016 bike doesn’t have any of those negative traits.

Whether it be getting onto the tyre side knobs, jumping or manualling, the new geometry makes things much more fun.

[divider]Buttery and gentle[/divider]

“Gentle” was a word that another rider used to describe the Fuel’s suspension, and it’s a pretty apt term for it. Both fork and shock are very smooth in the early stages of their travel, and  have a pretty linear feeling. More aggressive riders, or those who like really supportive suspension to work the terrain, might find things a bit too ‘plush’ or isolating, but we don’t really think that’s this bike’s intended rider. Most folk buying this bike will be blown away by how well this bike smoothes out the trail, and that’s what it’s suspension is optimised to do.

[divider]Chuggy on the climbs[/divider]

Because it’s not a light bike, climbing isn’t the Fuel’s forte, and you’ll want to use the shock lockout lever too. We didn’t find time to convert the wheels over to tubeless, but it’s easily done using Bontrager’s rim strips (the tyres are tubeless ready) and that would have saved some rotating weight and likely improved climbing performance too. At least with the 2×10 gearing you have a good low-range gear should you need it.

[divider]Overall[/divider]

We realise we’ve spent a lot of this review comparing this bike with its predecessor, but that’s only because we’re really impressed with how Trek have made what was already a good bike even better. Great handling, comfort and control galore, excellent suspension and a price point that won’t see you eating sardines and rice for a year either.

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Trek Fuel EX 8 review

130mm travel full-suspension bike

Russell Burton/Future Publishing

Jon Woodhouse

Trek’s Fuel EX has been a Trail Bike of the Year winner as well as a close contender . It’s still a very safe, efficient partner for tackling technical singletrack or long days in the hills, but it’s focused more towards cruise control than chasing the ragged edge.

Ride & handling: Suited to all-day adventures

The exposed rocks of our heavily armoured test trails highlighted a harsher, more chattery ride than the 650b and 29in wheels created on competing Trail Bike of the Year contenders . The Bontrager rubber gives good grip and their low weight helps to keep the ride lively rather than lung busting on more stop/start trails.

Add the Shimano based-spec and you’re looking at a bike that’s really well suited to heading out into the hills with a map in your pack and an adventure in your head. It felt very comfortable among the vistas and long winding trails of the second day of wild, mountain testing. It worked really well on more natural trails where big hits were generally singular and corners too loose or greasy to load the fork up.

The Trek started to feel out of its depth against the latest bikes when we got aggressive on trail centre terrain. The DRCV twin chamber fork moves less than a standard one when pedalling but swallows bigger hits with full-stroke eagerness. This reduces loose and chattery corner traction, and the sudden dive comes at just the point you want to drive the front end through berms or keep it high under hard braking.

Even with the broad bar overseeing your steering efforts, the front end feels steeper than it is, with a nervous, fidgety feel in corners if you’re pushing it hard.

Frame & equipment: Sharp-tracking frameset with DRCV shock

With 130mm of rear stroke and 130mm up front the Fuel sits bang in the centre of the do-it-all category for travel, but the wide bar suggests a bit more attitude and control than you might expect. The proprietary DRCV (Dual Rate Control Valve) dual chamber shock also extends impact control deeper than you’d expect at first.

In normal pedalling or rolling situations the top chamber gives a tight and firmly-sprung response that keeps power inputs crisp. This helps offset the high overall weight of the bike on climbs or sprints, to the point where it’s a surprise what you’ve been propelling when you pick it up.

If you wallop something bigger the second chamber of the shock is prodded open to increase its impact appetite, stopping the big hit Buckaroo and pinch flat problems you’d otherwise expect from a 130mm 26in-wheeled bike.

The Active Braking Pivot axle rear pivot and Full Floater shock – it’s squeezed between linkage and the chainstay tip rather than frame – keep things controlled, buoyant and unaffected by braking. The Evolution-spec damper in the Fox shock felt better than similar setups in other bikes when we were pushing the pace.

This bike was tested as part of What Mountain Bike magazine’s 2013 Trail Bike of the Year feature – read the full results in issue 147, available on Apple Newsstand and Zinio .

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The 2016 Trek Fuel EX 8 2016 is a full-suspension mountain bike with an aluminum and magnesium Alpha Platinum / ABP Convert / EVO frame. The frame comes in Matte  Trek  Black or Matte  Dnister  Black.

It was released in 2016 and costs $2,899 brand new. Due to the frame materials and other factors, we estimate that this bike weighs around 35 pounds.

The Fuel EX 8 2016 comes with Shimano components, including a Bontrager Elite stem, an aluminum, sealed, FSA IS-2 E2 headset and Shimano SLX shifters.

The Fuel EX 8 2016 has 10 speeds and has Shimano HG50 rear cogs and a Shimano SLX derailleur.

It comes with Bontrager XR3 Expert tires (29in x 2.3in) and rims.

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2016 Trek Fuel EX8 29er review (long)

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Good review. Thanks for sharing. I had a chance to demo both the Fuel EX and the Top Fuel a couple months back. I was very pleased with the quality of the suspension on both bikes. They both provide excellent traction, climb well, and descend well. Handled W. VA/W. NC style rock with ease. Not the flashiest bikes out there, and like Specialized or Giant, there are some people that don't like them simply because they are a massive company. But they did their homework, and did it well. If they'd actually had a TF 9.8 available when I bought my Yeti, I'd be on a Trek (and I love my Yeti). Sent from my XT1585 using Tapatalk  

I am prone to the "boutique" thing and have owned one of nearly every brand you could name. But for me and my terrain, both Specialized and Trek build dialed rigs that I can beat the snot out of and have fun doing it. Actually, met a guy from Asheville on National yesterday and he gave me some beta on Pisgah riding. I'm taking a riding vacation out there this spring and looking forward to a different sort of tech riding.  

The other thing is that, because they make and sell so many bikes, if you break a rear triangle 3 or 4 years down the line, you'll probably get the right color replacement for your frame. They can afford to keep a lot in stock. Sent from my XT1585 using Tapatalk  

Thanks for the info. I'm actually in process of owning this exact bike. I'm not sure Ill be going as hard on it like it sounds you were but its good to know that I can if needed. Sounds like it holds up nicely  

Any chance you could compare it to the Following some? If memory serves you were a big fan of the phantom.  

I was/am a huge fan of the Phantom. I was not a fan of the Following; I just couldn't ride that bike very well.  

Tell me more! The Following gets glowing reviews everywhere and I must admit is a bit of a 'grail' bike for me. I've now got an 2016 EX8 and always thought I'd look to upgrade in a few years to the Evil. How do you compare the 2 bikes?  

First off, thanks for a review that detailed. A question, then a mildly coherent rant, then a question: With the geometry change (but minimal cockpit sizing changes), do you find yourself riding more towards the front of this bike when compared to your E29? As one of the folks who really will bang on about the limitations of the Fox32 fork in the mid-travel 29er guise, a lot of that has to do with the damping, and your interpretation that the Fit4 has something to do with it is probably spot on. My experience with it was atrocious not only because I'm 40lb heavier at roughly the same height, but in the OC Evo cartridge version, the high speed compression and mid-range support were both so bad that when combined with that bit of flex you're observing, it's a very different sort of sketchy feeling (dives into the travel, moves rider CoG forward, and from that point I'm going to be perpetually critical of the lateral and fore/aft fork rigidity). With a better damper, a lot of those issues go away [in my case I just moved that fork to my hardtail, added some oil to reduce air spring volume and run it with more air pressure; it's not super plush over small chunder, but even the lamest F32's out there can be efficient and racy. I really want to see what the one I have will do with a FIT damper when I finally service the poor thing. Also, how do you have the shock set now?  

tehllama said: First off, thanks for a review that detailed. A question, then a mildly coherent rant, then a question: With the geometry change (but minimal cockpit sizing changes), do you find yourself riding more towards the front of this bike when compared to your E29? Click to expand...

Great review Blatant and thanks for sharing. I'm in your same position right now. I've also been looking for a short-ish travel (120mm range) 29er for a while, but instead I wanted to save my Enduro 29 (great bike indeed) just for the rough rides and pick the new one for my everyday rides. I ended up choosing a Fuel EX 9.9 as a primary ride and left the E29 as a secondary/backup. Fuel EX 9.9 is stratospheric. Light and rigid indeed, so super fast. Too early for me to go through a deep analysis because I have ridden once the new toy, but the feeling is great. Max  

tehllama: Interesting question. I'll be honest: I don't know about my body position. Spatial awareness problem? Maybe. It's not something I'm paying attention to. I can say the bike feels "right." And maybe that's the best answer of all. I sort of sit in the pocket where I'm supposed to and let the bike do its thing. I just leave the shock in Trail mode all the time now. Supposedly that's how the Reaktiv thing works best. Look, frankly I'd love to be talked into keeping the Fox 32. The Fit4 damping really is quite nice. I have a tendency to overbuild bikes that are meant to serve a different purpose. I don't want a mini-E29. And on tamer trails, I don't really notice the flex at all.  

Berserker: I don't want to get too derailed in a this vs. that debate. I'm pretty clearly an outlier in regards to the Following. With my body type and terrain, I tend to not get along with bikes that have super-slack seat angle and really low stack. I thought the Evil was a beautiful bike, draws a lot of attention, and I thought it climbed well, particularly if you're a standing climber (I'm not). I did not care for the suspension. For reference, both the Fuel and the Pivot M429Trail (hell, even my Phantom with an Avy shock) both felt more deep, plush and controlled than the Evil. But mostly, I couldn't make the bike turn at speed like I'm used to. I think pretty clearly that can be attributed somewhat to the lower stack (had the exact same problem on my Knolly Warden) and my personal riding style. I just don't weight the front enough to make bikes that style of bike work properly.  

You know, I hesitated to say it, but I had the exact same feeling as Varaxis in regard to the Following. This is purely anecdotal and will certainly be countered by someone with a different experience, but I'll say it anyway: I think the Evil is much more suited to flow-type trails, steep-fast-bermy-jumpy. I found it to be very easily undone on the trails that I ride (real gnar, ledges, square edges, scree).  

Blatant said: trails that I ride (real gnar, ledges, square edges, scree). Click to expand...

Ive had my Fuel EX 8 since Nov and have put 250km on it so far (summer here in Oz). Took me a while to get rear shock setup right as I struggled to get rebound set for descending and general trail riding. Would be good for one but not the other. Finally found an in between that I'm happy with. The Following discussion above is interesting to me as the bike has such a great range of terrain it can handle, that it pushes me to ride more DH style trails than I previously did on my more XC bike. But I've quickly hit the limit of the steep head angle (68.4°) and often wish it was a bit slacker (ex 9 / following). But then I ride some tight switchback climbs and realise if the HA was any slacker then I'd struggle to keep the front wheel tracking. So this bike seems to have a slightly more XC bias compared to other 120mm travel bikes with slacker angles. It's an individual preference that people will probably have to test different bikes to decide if it suits them. But I do agree that if you want to ride natural trails at least 50% of the time then this bike does it very well.  

One thing to note in the review is that he ditched those Bonty entry level version tires right away. The Bonty Team Issue level tires are top tier, but the Experts are about as good as Schwalbe's and Conti's budget line in comparison.  

Varaxis said: One thing to note in the review is that he ditched those Bonty entry level version tires right away. The Bonty Team Issue level tires are great, but the Experts are about as good as Schwalbe's and Conti's budget line in comparison. Click to expand...

I'd rate the Experts as OK as they are the same compound just lower TPI. Conti budget lines have harder/less grippy compound generally. I'm keeping mine until they need replacing. Then would consider Ardent/Ikon combo which I've used in the past. I prefer the Ardent Race but hoping they release a wider version than 2.2 like the Ikon has - 2.35 is a much better tire.  

Yep: The store gave me a little credit for the tires, so the stockers were removed and replaced immediately. One look told me they wouldn't last 15 minutes on our sharp rocks. tehllama: The new Fox damper is pretty sweet. I haven't been a fan of Fox stuff overall, but I'm becoming more of a believer. 12snap: Happy to compare the Fuel to the Phantom. I really, really loved the Banshee; it stands as one of my favorite bikes. In my opinion, the two aren't really in the same category, despite what the travel numbers suggest. The Phantom is a burly, heavy, super-stiff trail destroyer. It's a big bike. And fast. Did I mention heavy? This may sound crazy, but the E29 and Phantom are very similar in style and purpose. I was very fast on the Phantom and it climbed well. Big fan of the KS Link. The Trek is very much more of a traditional trail bike. It does everything pretty well, it's snappy and pretty playful. The Phantom is a war machine. The two don't occupy the same space for me. The Banshee is a conundrum. It's totally overkill to pair it with, say, an E29 because they're so similar in ride quality. But there's no getting around the really short-travel on certain trails and in certain situations. The Trek is much more "useful" -- at least in my situation -- as a trail bike that's different enough from my everyday rig that it fills the proper niche in my stable. Hope that helps.  

The EX 9 hit the value sweet spot for me. The 34mm FiT4 fork is fantastic, and I want wanted a SRAM 1 by drivetrain. Pedaling is surprisingly bob-free, maybe due to Reaktiv? So far, the Stealth dropper has been great too. The Roam wheels set up tubeless with just a floor pump.  

Look over in the Trek forum section, someone mentioned you can get Hope hub pawls that will install into your roam wheels. Not interested in SE5/4/3 tyre combo?  

I agree the factory tires hold the bike back a little. It still handles great, and when they do break loose it is very predictable, but i will definitely be stepping up to a more agressive tire when these wear out. They arent bad enough to just chuck them imo though.  

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Trek Fuel EX 9.8 29

• AUS $ NZD $ USD $ CAD $ GBP £ EUR €

Colour / Powder Blue

Size / 15.5, 17.5, 18.5, 19.5, 21.5, 23"

At a glance

Where to buy.

Specifications

• Frame OCLV Mountain Carbon main frame & seatstay, alloy chainstay, ABP, Boost148, Full Floater, EVO link, E2 tapered head tube, Mino Link, Micro Truss, Control Freak internal routing, Carbon Armor, PF92, ISCG 05, G2 Geometry, 120mm travel
• Wheels DT Swiss M1900, tubeless strips & valves, Boost110 front, Boost148 rear
• Wheel Size 29"
• Tires Bontrager XR3 Team Issue, Tubeless Ready, 120tpi, aramid bead, 29x2.30"
• Crank Shimano Deore XT, 36/26
• Front Derailleur Shimano Deore XT, high direct mount
• Rear Derailleur Shimano Deore XT, Shadow Plus
• Shifters Shimano Deore XT, 11 speed
• Brakeset Shimano Deore XT hydraulic disc
• Handlebar Bontrager Rhythm Pro, OCLV Carbon, 31.8mm, 15mm rise
• Saddle Bontrager Evoke 3, hollow titanium rails
• Seatpost RockShox Reverb Stealth, 2-bolt head, 31.6mm, zero offset
• Stem Bontrager Rhythm Pro, 31.8mm, 0 degree
• Headset FSA IS-2 carbon, E2, sealed alloy cartridge

Q: What size wheels does the 2016 Trek Fuel EX 9.8 29 have?

The 2016 Trek Fuel EX 9.8 29 has 29" wheels.

Q: What size 2016 Trek Fuel EX 9.8 29 should I get?

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Krasnodar: size of the ski resorts

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Best ski resort size in the Krasnodar Krai

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Krasnodar Krai

2012 floods, administrative divisions, transportation, demographics, settlements, ethnic groups, external links.

Krasnodar Krai is formally and informally referred to as Kuban ( Russian : Кубань ), a term denoting the historical region of Kuban situated between the Sea of Azov and the Kuban River which is mostly composed of the krai's territory. It is bordered by Rostov Oblast to the north, Stavropol Krai to the east, Karachay-Cherkessia to the south-east, and Adygea is an enclave entirely within the krai. Krasnodar Krai shares an international border with Georgia and the partially-recognized republic of Abkhazia to the south, and borders annexed Crimea to the west, across the Kerch Strait .

The northern part of the krai belongs to the Don Steppe , while the southern region's Mediterranean climate has made it a popular tourist location. Novorossiysk is Russia's main port on the Black Sea, one of the few cities awarded the title of the Hero City , and Sochi was the host of the XXII Olympic Winter Games in 2014. Krasnodar Krai is home to significant infrastructure of the Russian Navy 's Black Sea Fleet .

Krasnodar Krai is located in the southwestern part of the North Caucasus and borders Rostov Oblast in the northeast, Stavropol Krai and Karachay-Cherkessia in the east, and with the Abkhazia region (internationally recognized as part of Georgia ) in the south. [13] The Republic of Adygea is completely encircled by the krai territory. The krai's Taman Peninsula is situated between the Sea of Azov in the north and the Black Sea in the south. [14] In the west, the Kerch Strait separates the krai from the contested Crimean Peninsula , internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but under de facto Russian control . [14] At its widest extent, the krai stretches for 327 kilometers (203   mi) from north to south and for 360 kilometers (220   mi) from east to west. [13]

The krai is split into two distinct parts by the Kuban River , which gave its name to this entire geographic region. [14] The southern, seaward part is the western extremity of the Caucasus range, lying within the Crimean Submediterranean forest complex ecoregion; [15] the climate is Mediterranean or, in the southeast, subtropical . [14] Historically it is known as Circassia . The northern part is a steppe zone which shares continental climate patterns. [14] It is also known as Kuban region.

The height of the mountains exceeds 3,000 meters (9,800   ft) , with Mount Tsakhvoa being the highest at 3,346 meters (10,978   ft) , [14] with Mount Fisht , at 2,867 meters (9,406   ft) , being the Great Caucasus' westernmost peak with a glacier . [14]

The Black Sea coast stretches from the Kerch Strait to Adler and is shielded by the Caucasus Mountains from the cold northern winds. [14] Numerous small mountain rivers flow in the coastal areas, often creating picturesque waterfalls. [14]

Lake Abrau , located in the wine-making region of Abrau-Dyurso , is the largest lake in the northeastern Caucasus region. [14]

The region's earliest known inhabitants are referred to, generally, as the Maiōtai , who are the ancestors of the modern-day Circassians , Abkhazians and Abazins [16] (after the Greek name for the Sea of Azov ). During the 6th century BC, Pontic Greeks founded the area's first cities, such as Phanagoria (near modern Sennoy ) and Hermonassa (on the Taman Peninsula ), who traded with nomadic tribes including the Skuthai (Scythians) and Sindi .

In the 7th century, Phanagoria served as the capital of Old Great Bulgaria . From the 8th to the 10th centuries, the area was dominated by the Khazars , a Turkic people who had earlier migrated from the east onto the Pontic-Caspian Steppe , where a hypothesis claims that they converted to Judaism . After the defeat of the Khazar Khanate in 965 Kievan Prince Svyatoslav conquered the area, it came under the rule of Kievan Rus' , and it then formed the Tmutarakan principality. Later, due to the increasing claims of the Eastern Roman Empire at the end of the 11th century, the Tmutarakan principality came under the authority of the Eastern Roman Emperors (until 1204). [ citation needed ]

In that period of history, the Circassians were first mentioned, under the ethnonym Kassogs . For example, the Kassog Prince Rededya was mentioned in The Tale of Igor's Campaign . [17]

In 1243–1438, the current territory of the Kuban was part of the Golden Horde . After the latter's collapse, parts of Kuban were held under the Crimean Khanate , Circassia , and the Ottoman Empire , which dominated the region. The Tsardom of Russia began to challenge the protectorate of the Ottoman Empire in the area during the Russo-Turkish wars .

In April 1783, after the liquidation of the Crimean Khanate , right-bank Kuban and Taman Peninsula were annexed to the Russian Empire by decree of Catherine II . In 1792–1794, the Cossacks moved there from Zaporizhzhia , now located in Ukraine, and formed the Black Sea Area troops, with the creation of a solid cordon line for the Kuban River and the marginalization of the neighboring Circassians . The administrative region was accorded the status of "Land of Black Sea Cossack Army", with its center in the city of Yekaterinodar (renamed Krasnodar by the Bolsheviks in 1920).

In 1900, the region's population numbered around two million people. In 1913, the gross grain harvest Kuban region entered second place in Russia, for the production of marketable grain – in first place. [ clarification needed ] During the Russian Civil War , the anti-communist Kuban People's Republic was established on 28 January 1918. It sought union with the Ukrainian People's Republic during its brief independence until Soviet forces occupied the latter in May 1920.

Krasnodar Krai was founded on 13 September 1937, when Azov-Black Sea Krai of the Russian SFSR was split up in Krasnodar Krai and Rostov Oblast . The Greek Autonomous District and Shapsug National District were located within the Krai. On 30 January 1996 Krasnodar Krai signed a power-sharing agreement with the federal government, granting it autonomy. [18] This agreement would be abolished on 12 April 2002. [19]

On July   7, 2012, at least 171 people died in Krasnodar Krai, after torrential rains overnight caused the worst flooding and landslides in more than seventy years. [20] [21] Over 280 millimeters (11   in) of rain – the typical amount for a four- or five-month period – was reported to have fallen within forty-eight hours. [22] A local police spokesman stated that most of the dead were in Krymsky District , where at least 159 died when a wave of water 5 meters (16   ft) high swept through the town of Krymsk in the middle of the night. [21] [22] Ten more deaths occurred in Gelendzhik , including five electrocuted when a transformer fell into the floodwater, and two in Novorossiysk . [20] [22] Authorities stated that 17 people had been officially reported missing, and there were fears the death toll would rise further, while medics had hospitalized 210 people, including 16 children. [ citation needed ]

The regional government claimed that over 24,000 people were affected by the floods, with more than 3,000 evacuated, and that more than 10,000 rescuers and 140 helicopters were searching for victims and evacuating survivors. [20] [22] In Krymsk , 14 temporary shelters were set up to house around 2,000 evacuees. [ citation needed ] The transport system in the region was said to have collapsed, while oil shipments from Novorossiysk were halted when the port , located in the lower part of the city, was threatened by landslides. [20] [22] [23] Russia's President Vladimir Putin flew to the area to hold emergency talks with officials in Krymsk, while authorities in Perm Krai dispatched a rescue team to evacuate dozens of children from the region, who had been staying at summer camps on the Black Sea coast. [20] [23]

Residents of Krymsk claimed the wave of water that hit the town resulted from the sluice gates of a nearby reservoir being opened, although the prosecutor general's investigative committee denied this. Local prosecutors had earlier confirmed that the gates were opened, but stated that it was too early to determine whether this was the cause of the flooding. [21]

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the krai was shared between three persons: the first secretary of the Krasnodar CPSU Committee (who in reality had the greatest authority), the chairman of the Krai Soviet (legislative power), and the chairman of the Krai Executive Committee (executive power). In 1991, the CPSU lost power, and the head of the krai administration, and eventually the governor have been since appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament .

The Charter of Krasnodar Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the krai government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day-to-day matters of the province. The krai administration supports the governor's activities, who is the highest official and acts as the guarantor of the observance of the Krai Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia .

Krasnodar Krai is administratively divided into thirty-eight districts ( raions ) and fifteen cities of district equivalence . The districts and cities are further subdivided into eleven towns , plus urban-type settlements , and rural okrugs and stanitsa okrugs .

As a result of 2014 Winter Olympics , Krasnodar Krai has seen significant infrastructure spending. [24] Over $50   billion has been spent on various infrastructure projects including a bullet train.

Large companies in the region include Tander , Novorossmetal, Autonomous Heat Energy Company, Gazprom gas distribution Krasnodar, and Evrokhim Chemical Fertilizers. [25]

Several lines of Russian Railways cross the region and link it with Abkhazia , Ukraine , and neighboring Russian regions. There are direct trains from resort cities like Sochi and Anapa to Moscow , via Krasnodar , which become very popular during the summer vacation season. There are also suburb train connections. The Apsheronsk narrow-gauge railway , the longest mountain narrow-gauge railway in Russia, runs through Krasnodar Krai.

There are several airports in the region, including Krasnodar International Airport , Sochi International Airport , Anapa Airport , and Gelendzhik Airport .

The biggest ports are Novorossiysk and Tuapse . Others are Eisk and Temryuk on the Azov Sea , and Port Kavkaz , Taman , Anapa , Gelendzhik , and Sochi on the Black Sea . The Crimean Bridge connects Krasnodar Krai and Crimea .

5,838,273   ( 2021 Census ) ; [9] 5,226,647   ( 2010 Census ) ; [26] 5,125,221   ( 2002 Census ) ; [27] 5,113,148   ( 1989 Soviet census ) . [28]

Vital statistics for 2022: [29] [30]

• Births: 54,073 (9.5 per 1,000)
• Deaths: 79,021 (13.9 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2022): [31] 1.52 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021): [32] Total — 70.53 years (male   — 66.08, female   — 74.90)

The population of Krasnodar Krai is concentrated in the Kuban River drainage basin, which was traditionally Cossack land (see History of Cossacks ). The Kuban Cossacks are now generally considered [ according to whom? ] to be ethnic Russians, even though they are still an important minority in their own right in the area. Historically , they were considered to be ethnic Ukrainian [ according to whom? ] , and reported their language as Ukrainian in censuses well into the 20th century (see National Identity of Kuban Cossacks ). This change in identity is due to assimilation and historical persecution of the Kuban Cossacks, which was particularly prominent due to questions of their loyalty to Moscow and the Communist state during the Russian Revolution and First World War. [ citation needed ]

Other notable ethnic groups include the Adyghe , who are the regions indigenous population and were nearly completely annihilated following the Circassian genocide , [33] and the Armenians (including Christian Hamsheni and Cherkesogai ), who have lived in the region since at least the 18th century. [ citation needed ]

The 2021 Census identified ethnic groups, as shown in the following table: [34]

According to a 2012 survey [36] 52.2% of the population of Krasnodar Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 3% are unaffiliated generic Christians , 1% are either Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to church or members of non-Russian Orthodox churches, and 1% are Muslims . In addition, 22% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 13% is atheist , and 7.8% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question. [36]

Related Research Articles

Anapa is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the northern coast of the Black Sea near the Sea of Azov. Population: 81,863 (2021 Census) ; 58,990 (2010 Census) ; 53,493 (2002 Census) ; 54,796 (1989 Soviet census) .

Armavir is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the left bank of the Kuban River. Population: 187,177 (2021 Census) ; 188,832 (2010 Census) ; 193,964 (2002 Census) ; 160,983 (1989 Soviet census) . As of 2020, the city has a population of 188,960, while the agglomeration has a population of 207,570. Armavir is the second-largest industrial center of Krasnodar Krai, after Krasnodar.

Gelendzhik is a resort town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Gelendzhik Bay of the Black Sea, between Novorossiysk and Tuapse. Greater Gelendzhik sprawls for 102 kilometers (63 mi) along the coastline and covers an area of 122,754 hectares, although only 1,926 hectares fall within the boundaries of Gelendzhik proper. Population: 80,204 (2021 Census) ; 54,980 (2010 Census) ; 50,012 (2002 Census) ; 47,711 (1989 Soviet census) .

Temryuk is a town and the administrative center of Temryuksky District in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Taman Peninsula on the right bank of the Kuban River not far from its entry into the Temryuk Bay, amid a field of mud volcanoes. The seaport of Temryuk is situated 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) from the town itself. Population: 41,413 (2020), 38,046 (2010 Census) ; 36,118 (2002 Census) ; 33,163 (1989 Soviet census) ; 26,600 (1975).

Slavyansk-on-Kuban is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located in the Kuban River delta. Population: 63,842 (2010 Census) ; 64,136 (2002 Census) ; 57,790 (1989 Soviet census) ; 56,000 (1975).

Labinsk is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Bolshaya Laba River 145 kilometers (90 mi) southeast of Krasnodar and 50 kilometers (31 mi) southwest of Armavir. Population: 57,428 (2021), 59,330 (2020), 62,864 (2010 Census) ; 61,446 (2002 Census) ; 57,958 (1989 Soviet census) ; 53,000 (1972).

Abinsk is a town and the administrative center of Abinsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located 75 kilometers (47 mi) southwest of Krasnodar, the administrative center of the krai. Population: 39,058 (2020), 34,928 (2010 Census) ; 33,734 (2002 Census) ; 29,182 (1989 Soviet census) ; 23,000 (1968).

Ust-Labinsk is a town and the administrative center of Ust-Labinsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia.

Novokubansky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Novokubansky Municipal District . It is located in the east of the krai. The area of the district is 1,823 square kilometers (704 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Novokubansk. Population: 86,311 (2010 Census) ; 87,478 (2002 Census) ; 76,275 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Novokubansk accounts for 40.4% of the district's total population.

Novokubansk is a town and the administrative center of Novokubansky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Kuban River. Population: 35,199 (2020), 34,880 (2010 Census) ; 35,400 (2002 Census) ; 30,201 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Novokubansk accounts for 40.4% of the district's total population.

Krymsk is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. Population: 57,927 (2020), 57,382 (2010 Census) ; 56,623 (2002 Census) ; 50,893 (1989 Soviet census) .

Korenovsk is a town and the administrative center of Korenovsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Beysuzhyok Levy River 64 kilometers (40 mi) northeast of Krasnodar. Population: 42,418 (2020), 41,166 (2010 Census) ; 40,844 (2002 Census) ; 35,768 (1989 Soviet census) .

Primorsko-Akhtarsk is a port town and the administrative center of Primorsko-Akhtarsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the coast of the Sea of Azov, 151 kilometers (94 mi) northwest of Krasnodar, the administrative center of the krai. Population: 32,257 (2010 Census) ; 32,677 (2002 Census) ; 30,047 (1989 Soviet census) .

Krymsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Krymsky Municipal District . It is located in the west of the krai. The area of the district is 1,601 square kilometers (618 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Krymsk. Population: 74,761 (2010 Census) ; 70,576 (2002 Census) ; 62,859 (1989 Soviet census) .

Kurganinsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kurganinsky Municipal District . It is located in the east of the krai. The area of the district is 1,590 square kilometers (610 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kurganinsk.

Pavlovsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Pavlovsky Municipal District . It is located in the north of the krai. The area of the district is 1,788.8 square kilometers (690.7 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Pavlovskaya. Population: 67,521 (2010 Census) ; 68,470 (2002 Census) ; 63,949 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Pavlovskaya accounts for 46.4% of the district's total population.

Timashevsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Timashevsky Municipal District . It is located in the center of the krai. The area of the district is 1,506.4 square kilometers (581.6 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Timashevsk. Population: 106,130 (2010 Census) ; 107,189 (2002 Census) ; 91,851 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Timashevsk accounts for 50.8% of the district's total population.

Khostinsky City District is one of four city districts of the city of Sochi in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city district borders Maykopsky District of the Republic of Adygea in the northeast, Adlersky City District in the southeast, Tsentralny City District in the west, and Lazarevsky City District in the northwest. In the southwest, it is bordered by the Black Sea. Population: 65,229 (2010 Census) ; 62,515 (2002 Census) ; 65,713 (1989 Soviet census) .

Lazarevsky City District is one of four city districts of the city of Sochi in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city district borders Tuapsinsky District in the northwest, Apsheronsky District in the north, Maykopsky District of the Republic of Adygea in the northeast, Khostinsky City District in the east, and Tsentralny City District in the south. The administration of the district is located in Lazarevskoye Microdistrict. In the southwest, it is bordered by the Black Sea. Population: 63,894 (2010 Census) ; 63,239 (2002 Census) ; 64,006 (1989 Soviet census) .

Akhtyrsky is an urban locality in Abinsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Akhtyr River. Forms the municipality Akhtyrskoye urban settlement as the only settlement in its composition. Population: 20,100 (2010 Census) ; 19,219 (2002 Census) ; 18,568 (1989 Soviet census) .

• ↑ Law #5-KZ
• ↑ Президент Российской Федерации.   Указ   №849   от   13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу   13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No.   20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation.   Decree   # 849   of   May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District . Effective as of   May 13, 2000.).
• ↑ Госстандарт Российской Федерации.   №ОК 024-95   27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2.   Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. ( Gosstandart of the Russian Federation.   # OK 024-95   December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2.   Economic Regions , as amended by the Amendment   # 5/2001 OKER. ).
• ↑ Charter of Krasnodar Krai, Article   13
• ↑ Charter of Krasnodar Krai, Chapter   24
• ↑ Charter of Krasnodar Krai, Article   39
• ↑ Official website of Krasnodar Krai. Biography of Alexander Nikolayevich Tkachyov Archived August 14, 2015, at the Wayback Machine , Governor of Krasnodar Krai (in Russian)
• 1 2 3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [ 2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1 ] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• ↑ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года" . Federal State Statistics Service . Retrieved January 23, 2019 .
• ↑ "Об исчислении времени" . Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011 . Retrieved January 19, 2019 .
• ↑ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article   68.1 of the Constitution of Russia .
• 1 2 Official website of Krasnodar Krai. General Information About the Region Archived October 11, 2017, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
• 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gorshenyov
• ↑ WWF . Central Asia: Southwest Russia and the Crimean Peninsula on the Black Sea coast
• ↑ "Адыги – Энциклопедия, Большая Советская" . gatchina3000.ru . Retrieved March 11, 2023 .
• ↑ "The Song of Igor's Campaign, Igor son of Svyatoslav and grandson of Oleg" . lib.ru . Retrieved March 11, 2023 .
• ↑ Solnick, Steven (May 29, 1996). "Asymmetries in Russian Federation Bargaining" (PDF) . The National Council for Soviet and East European Research : 12.
• ↑ Chuman, Mizuki. "The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia" (PDF) . Demokratizatsiya : 146.
• 1 2 3 4 5 "Russia Flash Floods: 144 Killed in Krasnodar Region" . BBC News . London. July 7, 2012 . Retrieved July 7, 2012 .
• 1 2 3 Elder, Miriam (July 9, 2012). "Russian Floods Kill 150 and Leave Thousands Homeless" . The Guardian . London . Retrieved July 9, 2012 .
• 1 2 3 4 5 "Over 100 Die in Russia as Floods and Landslides Hit Krasnodar Region" . The Guardian . London. July 7, 2012 . Retrieved July 7, 2012 .
• 1 2 "Vladimir Putin Flies to Flood-hit Southern Russia as Death Toll Rises" . The Guardian . London. July 8, 2012. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012 . Retrieved July 9, 2012 .
• ↑ Filipov, David. "Russia spent $50 billion on the Sochi Olympics" . The Washington Post . Retrieved February 4, 2020 .
• ↑ "Krasnodar Territory Industries" . investinregions.ru . Retrieved November 7, 2018 .
• ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том   1 [ 2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.   1 ] . Всероссийская перепись населения 2010   года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• ↑ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов   – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3   тысячи и более человек [ Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000 ] (XLS) . Всероссийская перепись населения 2002   года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
• ↑ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989   г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [ All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers ] . Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989   года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly .
• ↑ "Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022" . ROSSTAT . Archived from the original on March 2, 2023 . Retrieved February 21, 2023 .
• ↑ "Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022" . ROSSTAT . Archived from the original on March 2, 2023 . Retrieved February 21, 2023 .
• ↑ Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости [ Total fertility rate ] . Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Archived from the original (XLSX) on August 10, 2023 . Retrieved August 10, 2023 .
• ↑ "Демографический ежегодник России" [ The Demographic Yearbook of Russia ] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat) . Retrieved June 1, 2022 .
• ↑ Richard, Walter (April 9, 2013). The Circassian Genocide . Rutgers University Press. ISBN   978-0-8135-6069-4 .
• ↑ "Национальный состав населения" . Federal State Statistics Service . Retrieved December 30, 2022 .
• ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service
• 1 2 3 "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia" . Sreda, 2012.
• ↑ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps . "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived .
• Законодательное Собрание Краснодарского края.   Закон   №5-КЗ   от   5 мая 1995 г. «О символах Краснодарского края», в ред. Закона №2957-КЗ от   8 мая 2014 г.   «О внесении изменений в Закон Краснодарского края "О символах Краснодарского края"». Вступил в силу   31 мая 1995 г. Опубликован: "Кубанские новости", №87, 24 мая 1995 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai.   Law   # 5-KZ   of   May   5, 1995 On the Symbols of Krasnodar Krai , as amended by the Law   # 2957-KZ of   May   8, 2014 On Amending the Law of Krasnodar Krai "On the Symbols of Krasnodar Krai" . Effective as of   May   31, 1995.).
• «Устав Краснодарского края», в ред. Закона №2870-КЗ от   30 декабря 2013 г   «О внесении изменений в Устав Краснодарского края». Опубликован: "Кубанские новости", 10 ноября 1993 г. ( Charter of Krasnodar Krai , as amended by the Law   # 2870-KZ of   December   30, 2013 On Amending the Charter of Krasnodar Krai . ).
• Горшенёв, М.   А. (1983). Путешествия по Краснодарскому краю (in Russian). Физкультура и спорт.
• Азаренкова, А.   С.; И.   Ю.   Бондарь; Н.   С.   Вертышева (1986) [1986]. Основные административно-территориальные преобразования на Кубани (1793–1985   гг.) (in Russian). Краснодарское книжное издательство.
• Official website of Krasnodar Krai Archived September 22, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
• Authority control databases International VIAF

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Krasnodar Krai, Russia

The capital city of Krasnodar krai: Krasnodar .

Krasnodar Krai - Overview

Krasnodar Krai is a federal subject of Russia located in the south-west of the country, part of the Southern Federal District. Krasnodar is the capital city of the region.

The population of Krasnodar Krai is about 5,687,400 (2022), the area - 75,485 sq. km.

Krasnodar krai flag

Krasnodar krai coat of arms.

Krasnodar krai map, Russia

Krasnodar krai latest news and posts from our blog:.

13 September, 2021 / Park "Krasnodar" - one of the best parks in Russia .

4 April, 2019 / Cities of Russia at Night - the Views from Space .

14 April, 2018 / Parus (Sail) Rock - a natural monument near Gelendzhik .

21 December, 2016 / Flying over diverse Russia .

29 October, 2016 / Krasnodar - the view from above .

More posts..

News, notes and thoughts:

8 July, 2012   / Unexpected flooding that occurred on July 6-7 in Krasnodar krai killed at least 150 people mostly in small town of Krymsk. The water level in Krymsk region rose to 7 meters, entire villages were washed away. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that the flood occurred at night, when most people were asleep in their homes.

History of Krasnodar Krai

The territory of today’s Krasnodar Krai was inhabited as early as the Paleolithic, about 2 million years ago. It was inhabited by various tribes and peoples since ancient times. There were several Greek colonies on the Black Sea coast, which later became part of the Kingdom of the Bosporus. In 631, the Great Bulgaria state was founded in Kuban. In the 8th-10th centuries, the territory was part of Khazaria.

In 965, the Kievan Prince Svyatoslav defeated the Khazar Khanate and this region came under the power of Kievan Rus, Tmutarakan principality was formed. At the end of the 11th century, in connection with the strengthening of the Polovtsy and claims of Byzantium, Tmutarakan principality came under the authority of the Byzantine emperors (until 1204).

In 1243-1438, this land was part of the Golden Horde. After its collapse, Kuban was divided between the Crimean Khanate, Circassia, and the Ottoman Empire, which dominated in the region. Russia began to challenge the protectorate over the territory during the Russian-Turkish wars.

More historical facts…

In 1783, by decree of Catherine II, the right-bank Kuban and Taman Peninsula became part of the Russian Empire after the liquidation of the Crimean Khanate. In 1792-1793, Zaporozhye (Black Sea) Cossacks resettled here to protect new borders of the country along the Kuban River. During the military campaign to establish control over the North Caucasus (Caucasian War of 1763-1864), in the 1830s, the Ottoman Empire for forced out of the region and Russia gained access to the Black Sea coast.

Prior to the revolutionary events of 1917, most of the territory of present Krasnodar krai was occupied by the Kuban region, founded in 1860. In 1900, the population of the region was about 2 million people. In 1913, it ranked 2nd by gross harvest of grain, 1st place for the production of bread in the Russian Empire.

Kuban was one of the centers of resistance after the Bolshevik revolution of 1917. In 1918-1920, there was a non-Bolshevik Kuban People’s Republic. In 1924, North-Caucasian Krai was founded with the center in Rostov-on-Don. In 1934, it was divided into Azov-Black Sea Krai (Rostov-on-Don) and North Caucasus Krai (Stavropol).

On September 13, 1937, the Azov-Black Sea region was divided into Rostov Oblast and Krasnodar Krai that included Adygei Autonomous Oblast. During the Second World War, the region was captured by the Germans. After the battle for the Caucasus, it was liberated. There are about 1,500 monuments and memorials commemorating heroes of the war on the territory of Krasnodar Krai.

In 1991, the Adygei Autonomous Oblast withdrew from Krasnodar Krai and became the Republic of Adygea.

Beautiful nature of Krasnodar Krai

Sunflower field in Krasnodar Krai

Author: Alexander Egorov

Krasnodar Krai landscape

Author: Vladislav Shutyy

On the coast in the Krasnodar region

Author: Sotnikov

Krasnodar Krai - Features

Krasnodar Krai is located in the south-western part of the North Caucasus. The territory is washed by the Azov and Black Seas. The length of the region from north to south - 327 km, from west to east - 360 km. The Republic of Adygea, another federal subject of Russia, is located entirely within the Krasnodar region.

The Kuban River divides Krasnodar Krai into two parts: the northern - lowland (2/3 of the territory), located on the Kuban-Azov plain, and the southern - foothills and mountains (1/3 of the territory), located in the western highlands of the Greater Caucasus. The highest point is Mount Tsakhvoa (3,345 m).

The population is concentrated in the basin of the Kuban (also known as the Cossack land). The main cities and towns of Krasnodar Krai are Krasnodar (974,000), Sochi (433,500), Novorossyisk (277,000), Armavir (186,000), Anapa (95,900), Eisk (83,200), Kropotkin (76,300), Gelendzhik (75,100), Slavyansk-na-Kubani (67,200), Tuapse (60,400).

Krasnodar Krai is the warmest region of Russia. The climate is mostly temperate continental, on the Black Sea coast from Anapa to Tuapse - semi-arid Mediterranean climate, south of Tuapse - humid subtropical. Winters are mild and summers are hot. The average temperature in January in the plains is minus 3-5 degrees Celsius, on the Black Sea coast - 0-6 degrees Celsius, in July - plus 22-24 degrees Celsius.

Krasnodar Krai - Economy and Tourism

There are reserves of oil, natural gas, iodine-bromine water, marble, limestone, sandstone, gravel, silica sand, iron ore, rock salt, mercury, gypsum, gold. Krasnodar krai is Russia’s oldest oil producing region (since 1865).

The local economy is based on the industrial, construction, fuel and energy, agriculture, transport, resort and recreational, tourist sectors.

The seaports of the Krasnodar region provide direct access, through the Azov and the Black Seas, to international trade routes and handle more than 35% of foreign trade and transit cargoes of all Russian seaports. The air gateway of the region is Krasnodar International Airport (Pashkovsky Airport) - one of the largest airports in Russia.

Tourism is an important sector of the economy of Krasnodar krai. It is actively developing on the coast of the Black and Azov Seas, as well as in mountain and steppe districts of the region. The main centers of tourism are the resorts of federal significance (Sochi, Gelendzhik and Anapa) and the resorts of regional significance (Yeisk, Goryachiy Klyuch and Tuapse district).

Due to a combination of favorable climatic conditions, availability of mineral waters and curative mud, Krasnodar krai is the most popular resort and tourist region of Russia and in fact the only one in Russia seaside spa and recreational center.

Krasnodar krai of Russia photos

Krasnodar krai scenery.

Cretaceous rocks in Krasnodar Krai

Steep cliffs on the coast in the Krasnodar region

Author: Aleksey Kleymenov

Country road in Krasnodar Krai

Author: Nikola Mitinskiy

Pictures of Krasnodar Krai

Memorial Field of Cossack glory in Kushchevskaya village in Krasnodar Krai

Author: Sergey Timofeev

Jet fighter monument in the Krasnodar region

Author: Konstantin Seryshev

Village in Krasnodar Krai

Author: Alena Amplieva

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