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11 Best Desert Towns in the U.S. for Beautiful Landscapes and Mystical Vibes

Arid climate? Check. Quirky shops? Check. A getaway unlike any other? Check.

There's something special about desert towns. Be it their otherworldly landscapes , arid climate, mystical vibes, or unique flora and fauna, these destinations offer an escape unlike any other. Even better, they have modern amenities, but you can still get away from it all for a bit of solitude.

Thankfully, there are plenty of desert towns to go around, as the U.S. is home to four major deserts , including the Great Basin, Mojave, Chihuahuan, and Sonoran. So, if you're on the hunt for a magical getaway, these desert destinations will more than deliver.

Grand Junction, Colorado

For a Wild West desert getaway, look no further than Grand Junction. The desert community settled by homesteaders in the late 1800s has maintained its historical charms, thanks to its still rugged terrain, wild horses roaming the nearby hills, and perfectly preserved red rocks all around. It's also a destination that's made for wine lovers, with numerous vineyards open for tastings and tours. And Grand Junction doesn't forget arts and culture lovers, either. Visit the Main Street area to catch a glimpse of Art on the Corner , a public display of sculptures by local artists.

Marfa, Texas

Marfa may just be the most Instagrammable desert destination on the list. That's thanks largely to the famed Prada Marfa , which isn't a store at all, but rather a permanent installation by artists Elmgreen and Dragset. But it's not the only reason to come to town. In Marfa, art fanatics can also visit the Chinati Foundation or Ballroom Marfa , both nearby contemporary art museums, and the Ayn Foundation , which focuses on large-scale pieces that are all on display for visitors to peruse.

Boulder City, Nevada

Las Vegas tends to draw the most attention as far as Nevada desert destinations go. However, those looking for a more relaxing getaway with far fewer neon lights will be delighted to find Boulder City just 40 minutes away from Sin City. Find a respite in the quieter town by visiting the Boulder City Art Guild & Gallery , meandering through its antique stores , or using the destination as a launchpad for other nearby adventures, including helicopter tours of the Grand Canyon and the Hoover Dam.

55 of the World's Most Beautiful Destinations

Ojo caliente, new mexico.

Immerse yourself in Mother Nature's greatest gifts with a visit to Ojo Caliente, a desert community in New Mexico best known for its hot springs . And while there are hot springs dotting much of this region of the nation, these happen to be the only ones in the world with four different types of sulfur-free mineral waters. The best way to experience them is by visiting the Ojo Caliente Mineral Springs Resort & Spa . Come for a day soak, or spend the night and take advantage of its lengthy massage treatment menu, too.

Cottonwood, Arizona

Cottonwood is yet another charming, quaint desert town worthy of your getaway time. The destination is only home to about 12,000 residents, but its sparseness is what makes it special. It's a place tailor-made for those who like to get outside, thanks to spots like the Verde River Greenway State Natural Area . Here, visitors will find a lush riverside landscape and cooling waters to dive into. After spending time in the great outdoors, head to Old Town Cottonwood for food, shopping, and an old-school Main Street vibe.

Joshua Tree, California

Irjaliina Paavonpera/Travel + Leisure

Mystical energy, martian landscapes, and a vintage clothing scene that can't be beat, Joshua Tree delivers all this and more. The Southern California desert community is an off-beat haven, thanks to its unique national park filled with its eponymous trees, aura-healing spaces like the Integratron , and a delightful central town where travelers can shop in a number of vintage and antique shops, as well as dine in desert-chic venues like La Copine , The Natural Sisters Cafe , and Pappy and Harriet's .

Amarillo, Texas

Amarillo may have a sizable population, but it still offers eccentric, desert town vibes with lots of quirky things to experience. Cadillac Ranch, for example, is a free art exhibit made from old Cadillacs dug into the ground headfirst along Interstate 40. There's also Palo Duro Canyon State Park, the second-largest canyon in the U.S., and Jack Sisemore Traveland RV Museum , dedicated to the history of the great American RV trip . Downtown Amarillo also offers plenty of culinary and cultural delights to keep everyone in even the most disparate travel group happy.

If blinding, awe-inspiring beauty is what you're after, then plot a vacation to Moab because that's exactly what you'll find. Moab is home to both Arches National Park and Canyonlands , each known for their red-rock formations. Both places make for ideal hiking destinations , in addition to offering mountain biking, horseback riding, river rafting, and camping under the stars. And that's just the beginning. Visitors looking for a bit more socialization can head downtown to find restaurants, microbreweries, concert events, and plenty of delicious food to fuel their next adventure.

Sedona, Arizona

There's one more red-rock destination to add to your must-see desert list: Sedona . The community blends a lot of what makes each of the above places great into one delightful spot. It's also well-known for its mystical powers — including Cathedral Rock Vortex , one of the area's four energy vortexes — and home to famed hikes with stunning views, like the Devil's Bridge Trail . Following any and all outdoor adventures, guests can make their way to the Uptown area for shopping (don't leave without visiting a few jewelry shops), dining, and entertainment.

Silver City, New Mexico

Silver City, an old mining town located in the southwest corner of New Mexico, is the place to be to when it comes to finding your new favorite gem in terms of a desert destination and in the literal sense. You see, the town is a thriving arts community, filled with creators crafting gorgeous paintings, pottery, and jewelry. The historic downtown area is lined with shops owned by these artisans who are ready to talk to you about their individual craft and sell you their wares. Come for the crafts, but stay for the plentiful festivals , including the Silver City Blues Festival, the Wild, Wed West Pro Rodeo, and more.

Terlingua, Texas

Located on the very edge of the West Texas border, desert lovers will find the charming town of Terlingua, Texas. The sparsely populated spot was once a silver mining town, and now serves as a tourist attraction due to its proximity to Big Bend National Park . The destination isn't exactly what you'd call "happening," though it has a well-maintained status as a proper ghost town, thanks to its persevered homes and storefronts. There are shops to browse, including desert oddities and antiques, and the town is home to the famed Chili Cookoff , so you know a visit here comes with some seriously delicious food. As for where to stay, Terlingua offers great glamping accommodations and short-term rentals with breathtaking views of the Chisos Mountains, like Willow House .

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Visit Sedona

Summer splendor in sedona, explore, relax and rejuvenate in the heart of red rock country.

Sedona, nestled within a geological marvel, welcomes you to a summer of endless possibilities. As the season warms the air, the beauty of Sedona’s red rocks and lush canyons come alive, offering an extraordinary backdrop for your summer adventures. As you plan your summer visit to Sedona, prepare for an unforgettable experience that not only delights and inspires, but fosters a deep connection to nature and self. Embrace the season’ s energy and explore all that Sedona has to offer!

The call of adventure is strong in Sedona, where the great outdoors becomes a playground for the soul. Spring breathes new life into the area, inviting all to explore its renowned trails, whether by foot, bike, or through the unique experience of Jeep tours that showcase the breathtaking landscapes. Vortex tours delve into the spiritual essence of Sedona, guiding visitors on a journey of self-discovery among the energy centers that dot the region. This blend of physical exploration and spiritual awakening is complemented by a vibrant arts scene, where galleries and shops display the creativity and spirit of Sedona through a diverse collection of artworks and unique finds.

Sedona's allure is further enriched by its culinary scene, a testament to the area's diversity and vibrancy. Restaurants and eateries offer a wide range of flavors, from local Southwestern dishes to international cuisine crafted by renowned chefs, each meal promising an unforgettable experience against the stunning natural backdrop of Sedona. This culinary journey is paralleled by the city's focus on spiritual and wellness retreats, offering visitors a chance to embrace self-care and rejuvenation amidst Sedona's serene beauty. As you plan your spring visit to Sedona, prepare for an extraordinary adventure that promises not just enchantment and exploration but also a profound connection with nature and oneself.

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The Sedona Chamber of Commerce & Tourism Bureau Visitor Center offers first class visitor services. Our visitor center is located at 331 Forest Road in Uptown. We assist more than 300,000 visitors a year, not to mention the thousands of visitor inquiries via phone and email. While in Sedona, make sure you visit our Uptown Visitor Center for maps, directions, suggestions or to purchase your Red Rock Pass or Annual National Park Pass.

Staff and volunteers will assist visitors every day 8:30 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. PHONE : 928.282.7722 EMAIL : [email protected]

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Sustainable Desert Travel: Exploring Ecotourism for a Responsible Adventure

Desert travel has become an increasingly popular choice for adventurous souls seeking unique and awe-inspiring landscapes. The allure of untouched sand dunes, vast stretches of barren land, and captivating oases has drawn many to embark on a desert vacation. As the market for desert trips continues to grow, it is crucial to shift our focus toward sustainable practices to preserve these ecosystems.

The desert travel market has experienced significant growth over the past two decades, with a steady increase in the number of travelers seeking the thrill of exploring these arid wonders. From the sprawling Sahara in Africa to the enchanting Arabian deserts and the mesmerizing landscapes of the American Southwest,  desert trips  have captured the imagination of adventure enthusiasts worldwide.

Amidst the excitement of desert vacations, it’s imperative to recognize the environmental impact of our journeys. Implementing ecotourism principles can help mitigate the potential harm caused by increased tourism. By conserving wildlife and nature, we ensure that the delicate balance of desert ecosystems remains intact. From protecting rare plant species to preserving the habitats of elusive desert creatures, ecotourism practices play a vital role in maintaining the delicate equilibrium of these harsh environments.

Sustainable Practices for Desert Travel

When venturing into the desert, there are several key principles of sustainable travel that conscientious adventurers should adhere to:

• Leave No Trace : Practicing minimal impact is essential. This means packing out all waste, refraining from disturbing wildlife, and avoiding the removal of any natural elements.
• Supporting Local Communities : Engage with local communities and respect their customs and traditions. Choosing local guides and accommodations ensures that your desert vacation benefits the people who have lived in harmony with these landscapes for generations.
• Conserving Resources : Water is a precious resource in deserts. Opt for accommodations that prioritize water conservation and use it sparingly during your stay.
• Eco-Friendly Accommodations and Ecotours : Opt for staying at eco-hotels or resorts that implement sustainable operations. These establishments are designed to have minimal impact on the environment. Additionally, choose ecotours for your excursions, which are carefully planned to provide immersive experiences while respecting the delicate desert ecosystem.

Eco-tour Examples in Deserts Around the World

Namib desert, namibia.

The Namib Desert boasts a unique array of flora and fauna, including the iconic Welwitschia plant. Eco-conscious tours here emphasize minimal intrusion, promoting walking and hiking over vehicle use.

Wadi Rum, Jordan

Known as the Valley of the Moon, Wadi Rum offers eco-tours guided by the indigenous Bedouin people. These tours focus on cultural exchange and low-impact activities, showcasing the beauty of the desert while respecting its fragility.

Mojave Desert, USA

The Mojave Desert offers opportunities to explore its Joshua Tree National Park. Eco-friendly camping, hiking, and stargazing tours educate visitors about desert conservation and the importance of dark skies.

Desert travel, with its rugged charm and captivating landscapes, continues to attract adventurers from all corners of the globe. However, the need for responsible ecotourism practices becomes paramount with increased desert vacation offerings. By embracing sustainable travel and conservation efforts, we can ensure that these mesmerizing deserts remain untouched and thriving for future generations. So, as you plan your next  desert trip , consider the impact you can make through thoughtful and eco-conscious choices, contributing to the preservation of these ecosystems.

For more ecotourism-related articles, please  click here to explore our archive.

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Our mission is to serve the 50+ traveler who's ready to cross a few items off their bucket list.

Why Visiting These 9 Deserts Around The World Should Be On Your Travel Bucket List

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When confronted with the word “desert,” most of us think of barren, boring places not worth seeing. But just because deserts are dry places — by definition, they receive no more than 10 inches per year — that does not make them boring, and indeed, some of them can be truly stunning.

Also, deserts come in various guises. There are four officially recognized types of desert. These range from the one most of us think of first — hot and dry and sandy, such as the Sahara — to semi-arid deserts, coastal deserts, and even cold deserts. All offer different landscapes and thrills, and pretty much the only thing these have in common is the lack of rain.

Having spent quite a few years living in desert countries such as the United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Qatar, I have come to love deserts, especially the pretty ones with seemingly endless sand dunes stretching to the horizon. Second only to the open ocean, they offer a calmness, a serenity, and a restfulness that few other landscapes do. Plus, if you really want to, you can have adrenaline-rush fun in them.

Here are some firm favorites, in no particular order.

1. Empty Quarter

United arab emirates (uae).

Stretching across Saudi Arabia, touching Yemen, Oman, the UAE , and running its course in Qatar, the Empty Quarter is the largest sand desert in the world, and one of the most magnificent natural wonders of the Middle East . It is easily reached from Abu Dhabi. This is the place where I first truly appreciated how magnificent, how seemingly endless a desert can be, and how small and insignificant you feel standing there. And how vulnerable. 

Unless you are going with other drivers who know how to stay safe in the desert, take a tour with professionals. I recommend the Liwa Desert Safari tour .

Pro Tip: While the tours always offer you drinking water, bring extra, and bring a good hat. Not a pretty hat, but a useful sunhat. The sun is a formidable piece of nature that should not be taken lightly.

While the Sahara is widely acknowledged as the desert — after all, ṣaḥrāʾ means “desert” in Arabic — it has also turned into a bit of a tourist circus. Easily reached from Morocco, there are camel safaris, 4WD drives, camps in the desert, and opportunities to have your picture taken wearing the royal blue Tuareg headscarves. To get away from the touristy camel ride belt, you will need to go on a longer tour , deeper into the desert and touching on some of its other terrains.

I am not poo-pooing the common Sahara experience. You still get the sense of the desert and can have lots of fun, but you need to sneak out for a look at night if you want serenity.

You know those eerie images of stark, leafless trees standing in front of a bright orange sand dune? That is the Namib desert, a coastal desert stretching along the Atlantic coast of Namibia. 

It is pure magic. The landscapes are otherworldly, and you might encounter animals, such as elephants and lions, wandering along the beach and even taking a dip in the ocean waves. Then you have the spooky Kolmanskop , a deserted, once very rich town that is being reclaimed by the sands. So many magnificent sights, and a true adventure.

Pro Tip: This is road trip country, either self-driving or part of a tour . There are many options, from private to larger groups and from budget to luxury.

4. The Red Centre

Driving up to, or flying into Ayers Rock Airport in the Northern Territory, you get the idea why this centrally located spot in Australia is called the Red Centre. The ground, made up of sand, rocky outcrops, and vast stretches of flat desert sprinkled with coarse vegetation, is dark red. Obviously, the one spot that stands out in this landscape is Uluru , the holy monolith that adds that touch of magic and mystery to this already alien landscape. But there are other unique rock formations, as well as hikes through the desert. There are also local Indigenous peoples to learn from, telling their tragic history through wonderful stories. And so much more.

Pro Tip: Staying overnight gives you the pain of choice, as accommodations range from the utterly luxurious to the very budget-friendly.

5. White Desert

From a red desert to the White Desert. Part of the Sahara but at the Egyptian end, the White Desert offers a landscape not seen elsewhere. White mushroom-like outcrops dot an area of around 166 square miles in northwestern Egypt, 500 miles from Cairo . 

While the desert looks like it’s made from salt, it truly is white sand and wind-sculpted rock, bleached by the sun and contrasting against the brown sand underneath. And while it looks like nothing could possibly live here — apart from in the oasis some 30 miles to the south — you might be lucky enough to spot gazelles, jackals, and the rather cute fennec fox with their big ears on your visit.

Pro Tip: Due to the distances involved, all tours tend to be a few days long, but they’re worth the effort.

6. The Highlands

When you think of Iceland , well, snow and ice come to mind, right? Climbing over glaciers and finding mini icebergs on black beaches. So, with snow and ice around, there must be enough precipitation, surely? But indeed, there are not only cold deserts here on this northern Island, but also the largest area of volcaniclastic sandy desert on Earth. 

The Highlands of Iceland are a harsh region on this already harsh island. Despite the regular rain and snowfall in the country, The Highlands area is a desert because the rain does not get absorbed by the topsoil — instead, it goes straight through the porous layers without any potential plants getting a look in.

Pro Tip: Only accessible during summer, and then only with serious off-road vehicles and driving skills, you can enjoy this northern desert with tours setting off from Reykjavík .

7. Tabernas Desert

So, we’ve discussed hot and dry, coastal, and cold deserts. This one, in Spain’s southeast, is a semi-arid desert. Like Iceland’s desert, the Tabernas receives some rain, but in such a way that when it falls, it runs off and does not penetrate the ground, making it officially a desert. Instead, you have a rugged, high-lying landscape, dotted with some vegetation (such as sea lavender) and a sparse animal population that includes lizards and the hardy Algerian hedgehog.

Looking like the quintessential Wild West, this region is also Spain’s answer to Hollywood, with films such as Once Upon a Time in the West , A Fistful of Dollars , Lawrence of Arabia , and more recently, the TV series Game of Thrones , having been filmed here.

Pro Tip: This is a great hiking country, with guided hikes available.

8. Singing Sand Dunes

Some of Qatar ’s dunes sing. Yes, sing. Not too far from the Inland Sea, complete with its flamingos and adrenaline-fueled activities such as dune-bashing and sandboarding, lies a quieter spot, the so-called Singing Sand Dunes of Qatar . The very rare combination of horseshoe-shaped standalone dunes and sliding sand let the dunes sing, or more aptly, moan. Often, if the wind is right, they do it all by themselves — otherwise, a person sliding down on his or her bottom will get an impressive result. They are pretty and fun, and they’re not on the main tourist drag, so you might just get an entire dune to yourself.

Pro Tip: If you don’t have a sled, bring a sturdy shopping bag with you and sit on it when you slide down, using the handles as not-terribly-effective steering. Better than a bare bottom any day.

9. The Gobi Desert

Mongolia and china.

The Gobi Desert is a cold, sandy desert with areas of brushland lying between Mongolia and China. It measures some 1,000 miles across and 500 miles from top to bottom. 

It is difficult to get to unless you happen to find yourself on the Trans-Siberian Express . So far, I have not managed to get there yet, but it is on my bucket list. For my next big birthday, Mongolia is on my wish list, and there are several ways to see more , including taking in the Dunhuang oasis in China , which is an awful lot less remote than it looks at first glance.

Pro Tip: Did you know that there are also well-known Singing Dunes in the Gobi in Mongolia? It is known as the Khongor Sand Dune . That is also on my to-do list — then I can compare the noise the Mongolian dunes make with the moaning of the Qatari dunes. Any excuse to travel to a desert.

Interested in the destinations mentioned in this article? Surf our categories on:

• United Arab Emirates

A travel writer and guidebook author for the last 20 years, Ulrike's work has been seen in National Geographic , BBC , The Independent , Australian Women's Weekly , The Telegraph , The Australian , Fodor's , France Today , CNN Travel , Lonely Planet , Travel + Leisure , CNTraveler , numerous inflight magazines, and many others.

She has written three books for Moon Travel Guides: 'Living Abroad in Australia' (3rd edition), 'Sydney & the Great Barrier Reef', and the shorter version 'Spotlight Sydney' and are all available in print and as e-books.

Having lived in seven countries (Germany, UK, Qatar, Oman, UAE, Australia, and France) to date and traveled to more than 100, she specializes in writing about travel, art and architecture, expat living, and life and style.

10 Top-Rated Attractions in the California Desert Region

Written by Lana Law Updated May 4, 2023

Author Lana Law loves the desert and has spent many trips exploring this region of California.

California is home to areas of the Mojave Desert, the Colorado Desert, and the Great Basin Desert. Each of these has unique characteristics, beautiful attractions, and incredible places to visit. Mountains, canyons, sand dunes, Joshua trees, and miles of dry cracked earth create a landscape to make outdoor photographers drool.

Depending on the season and time of year, California's desert region offers wonderful places for hiking, rock climbing and bouldering, sightseeing, and other recreational opportunities.

Cities like Palm Springs; Palm Desert; or even Las Vegas, Nevada make good bases for exploring some of the national parks and desert areas. Have a look at some of the most spectacular places with our list of top desert destinations in California.

Death Valley National Park

Joshua tree national park, salton sea recreation area, kelso dunes, palm springs and palm desert, anza-borrego desert state park, red rock canyon state park, algodones dunes, calico ghost town, big morongo canyon preserve, map of attractions in the california desert region, frequently asked questions, what are the best day trips in california's desert regions.

Of all the desert areas in California, Death Valley is perhaps the most diverse and interesting for sightseers. Salt flats, mountains, sand dunes, black volcanic fields, colorful hills, cracked parched earth, and even a lake, are all part of what makes this valley so unique.

This region is known for its harsh landscape and is home to the hottest, driest, and lowest point in the United States. Highway 190 runs through the park and offers access to the major attractions of Death Valley .

You can visit the park as a Day Trip from Las Vegas , just a couple hours away. If you want to stay closer to the park, you'll find accommodation right in Death Valley National Park, or in nearby Beatty.

Joshua Tree National Park, named for this whimsical-looking tree that only grows in the Mojave Desert, covers a fantastic landscape of interesting rock formations, mountains, and one-of-a-kind sites. Many people describe the area as peaceful or even spiritual.

Numerous hiking trails in Joshua Tree NP lead through the trees or to high points in the park and are a great way to experience the serenity of the desert.

In winter, this park is a haunt for climbers who set up camp here for extended periods. If you are planning on camping in Joshua Tree National Park , be aware that finding a spot can be difficult in the high season.

Joshua trees reach a height of up to 60 feet and belong to the Yucca family. Many of these trees are said to be several hundred years old. The thickest clumps of trees are found in the west, in the " Wonderland of Rocks ". This area has interesting rock formations, shaped by the huge pressure and high temperatures under which the gneiss was forced up out of the earth many millions of years ago.

The park is home to a wide variety of wildlife. By day the visitor will come across only a few species of animals, such as squirrels, dwarf antelopes, and occasionally a coyote. In summer visitors should be equipped for the heat, which often exceeds 40° C.

• Read More: Top Things to Do in Joshua Tree National Park

An ancient dried-up lakebed became an actual "sea" again in 1905. Having broken through an irrigation canal in Imperial Valley, the Colorado River flooded over into the old bed and filled it to a depth of 82 feet. The river continued to flood until 1907.

This inland lake, measuring approximately 30 miles by 8 to 14 miles, lies below sea level and has no natural outlets.

The Salton Sea State Recreation Area has been created on the northern bank, where there are campsites and picnic areas. This is a popular spot for fishermen and water sports enthusiasts, as well as bird-watchers.

The Kelso Dunes can be admired from a distance, but adventurous souls will want to walk to the top. The highest point is 700 feet above the desert floor.

Although the hike to the top of the highest dune is only three miles round-trip, walking across the sand and the completely exposed nature of the hike make it somewhat challenging. However, be sure to persevere and make it to the top — you'll be rewarded with spectacular views. And remember, the run down the dune takes mere minutes.

This lovely geological formation is located in the Mojave National Preserve .

Set at the base of the San Jacinto Mountains, Palm Springs is a vibrant city on the edge of the Colorado Desert. The sun shines here almost every day of the year. In summer, its undeniably hot, but in winter, when daytime temperatures are in the 70s F, it is a wonderful place to be.

Downtown Palm Springs is home to excellent restaurants, quaint shops, and a variety of attractions.

One of the most popular things to do in the area is to take a ride up the Palm Springs Aerial Tramway to the top of Mount San Jacinto. Up here, where the air is much cooler, you'll find a completely different landscape. Some of Palm Springs' best hiking trails are found up here.

Palm Desert is a bedroom community of Palm Springs and home to sensational scenery, golfing, and numerous attractions. Both Palm Desert and Palm Springs are home to some beautiful resorts, particularly for guests interested in golf.

About 85 miles northeast of San Diego is the entrance to the biggest State Park in California. Anza-Borrego Desert State Park covers an area of about 600,000 acres of remote desert landscape consisting of sand dunes, alluvial land, canyons, palm groves, flowers, and cacti.

Although this may seem like a harsh wasteland, time your visit right, generally in April after a rainstorm or two, and you'll be rewarded with a kaleidoscope of colors when the desert flowers and cacti come into bloom. The park has the latest blooms on its website.

Highlights of a visit here include a stroll through the Borrego Badlands and a trip to soak up the views at Font's Point. In order to truly experience the park, especially the incredibly dark night skies, consider camping here.

Dispersed camping is free and you can literally set up your campsite anywhere you choose if you follow some basic rules. If you prefer a more formal campground, two are available.

Red Rock Canyon State Park is home to a beautiful desert landscape with cliffs, buttes, and other unique rock formations. This is a good place to spot wildlife, particularly roadrunners, hawks, and lizards.

In Last Chance Canyon , which runs through the park, you can see rock art and the remains of old villages.

Many people come here to enjoy the hiking trails or to camp. Miles of trails run through the park, and camping is available at the Ricardo Campground.

About 20 miles east of Brawley in the southeast corner of California are the Algodones Dunes, one of the largest dune regions on the continent. The shifting sands are a beautiful site but it is off the beaten path and one of the lesser visited desert sites in California. Few roads and a lack of nearby cities make it less accessible than some of the more popular attractions.

The largest dunes are on the west side. Camping is permitted in the North Algodones Dunes Wilderness Area but off-road motorized vehicles are not.

The ghost town of Calico lies 10 miles east of Barstow . From 1881 to 1896 it was one of the most important American towns, from where thousands set off hoping to find their fortune by prospecting for silver in the nearby mountains.

When the price of silver fell in 1895 the silver mines closed and Calico went into decline. In 1954, the ghost town was restored by the owner of Knott's Berry Farm and is now a tourist attraction, with restaurants, stores, and other activities.

The Big Morongo Canyon Preserve is located in the Morongo Valley area just west of Joshua Tree National Park in the San Bernardino Mountains. The preserve runs through portions of the Mojave Desert and the Colorado Desert, and is one of the best birding spots in California .

Over 250 bird species have been spotted here, including some rare species. Numerous hiking and walking trails, ranging in distance from under a half-mile to 11 miles, are available; all trails leave from the parking area.

The park is open from 7:30am to sunset every day and is free to enter, but donations are gratefully accepted.

Excluding Death Valley, which is off on its own, two day trips are recommended.

Starting and finishing in Palm Springs, head to Joshua Tree National Park and travel from north to south, eventually ending at the Salton Sea. From here, head across to Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. The great thing about this route is that you'll be able to see where you are going from Keys Lookout in Joshua Tree National Park.

Another route starting in Palm Springs is to combine Red Rock State Park, Calico Ghost Town, Kelso Dunes, and Big Morongo Canyon Preserve. This route has a great deal of variety.

The best time to visit is in the spring, as you'll have moderate temperatures and the best chance of seeing the desert wildflowers in bloom.

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Explore California Parks: Some of the most fantastic sites on the planet are found in California's national parks. Head for Sequoia National Park to see the largest trees in the world and spend a night under the stars at one of Sequoia's beautiful campgrounds . Afterward, move on to hike the trails in Redwood National and State Parks to see the tallest trees on Earth. Explore things to do in Yosemite National Park , including hiking and camping .

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7 Of The World’s Best Desert Destinations

“My hair looks perfect out in the desert, it’s unbelievable. It’s like, perfectly not frizzy.” — Jenny Lewis

The desert is a polarizing landscape; unlike more universally beloved beach destinations, this genre of sand-covered locale is not for everyone. Or at least, not at first. But even the most dubious visitor—” there’s nothing here”— eventually succumbs to the inexplicable mystical charms unique to these arid areas of the world. Even if for reasons having only to do with vanity.

Below, find seven desert destinations worth escaping to, whether it be for lack of humidity or the sense of peace, awe and surrender that is, in most cases, inevitable.

Wolwedans, Namibia

The Scene: Wolwedans is located among the stunning red dunes of the NamibRand Nature Reserve in Namibia. It comprises several lodges and camps dispersed across a tranquil setting about five hours (by car) from Windhoek, the underrated European-esque Namibian capital city.

Memories To Make: Activities include hot air balloon rides or small-plane aerial tours, game drives, walking safaris, horseback riding, private bush meals, village visits, massages and more.

Book here .

Amangiri, Utah

The Scene: Located in middle-of-nowhere Utah with rooms running between $2K and $9K a night, this is where Kim Kardashian West spent her 37th birthday . The resort's centerpiece is its swimming hole, which won the Smith Hotel Award for Best Pool in 2015 and is built around an impressive rock formation. One suite has its own 60-foot-long pool.

Memories To Make: Here, too, you can look forward to hot air balloon and helicopter rides, equestrian excursions, hiking, kayaking in nearby Lake Powell, yoga classes, private sessions with a wellness coach and, of course, massages and other such spa luxuries.

Two Bunch Palms, California

The Scene: While we love Palm Springs and Joshua Tree , this hot springs spa offers a more remote-feeling California desert experience. It's located about 20 minutes from downtown Palm Springs, en route to Los Angeles, and consists of lodging, spa facilities and a mineral hot-springs-fueled grotto with two pools.

Memories To Make: Relax—soak in the mineral hot springs, bask in the sun, heal with a shaman, work with a hypnotherapist, get a massage, take a mud bath, get an arnica wrap and more. While you're in the area, you may also want to add a night or two (or more) of glamping under the stars via Camp'd Out (butler optional).

Awasi, Atacama

The Scene: This resort is located in the Atacama Desert in Chile, which is the driest desert in the world. In some areas here, the soil has been compared with that of Mars. The Awasi property, specifically located at the outskirts of the town of San Pedro de Atacama, consists of just 10 accommodations. Its design was inspired by pre-Incan ruins. Service is famously impeccable.

Memories To Make: Each guest gets her own private guide and tailored itinerary. Highlights include guanaco-spotting (the camel-family animal pictured here), guided landscape tours (think geysers, petroglyphs, awe-inspiring canyons, giant cacti and more), biking, swimming in the shaded pool and enjoying cocktails at the resort bar.

Longitude 131, Northern Territory, Australia

The Scene: Longitude 131 is located in Australia's Red Centre, facing the country's most impressive site—Uluru. The property comprises 16 luxury tents with all the amenities as well as patios that face Uluru and outdoor bedding should you choose to sleep beneath the stars.

Memories To Make: The resort offers a host of tours that include visits to famous gorge sites, encounters with and explanations of historical cave paintings, an aboriginal art gallery tour, swimming, a visit to the Field of Light and more.

Qasr Al Sarab by Anantara, Abu Dhabi

The Scene: Qasr Al Sarab is located at the edge of the Empty Quarter, which is the world's largest uninterrupted desert. (It's about two hours from the Abu Dhabi airport.) The property (as pictured) looks like a fortress surrounded by sweeping dunes. It boasts five restaurants, an epic swimming pool and more.

Memories To Make: Available activities are diverse and include camel trekking, desert walks, fat biking, regional cooking classes, sand boarding and dune bashing, to name a few.

Erg Chigaga Luxury Desert Camp, Morocco

The Scene: These eight traditional caidal tents are situated among the up-to-1,000-feet-tall Erg Chigaga dunes about nine hours (by 4WD, if you're feeling that option) from Marrakech. (Most visitors stay overnight somewhere along the route to break up the trip.) Two "honeymoon-perfect" tents are also available, about a 15-minute walk from the main camp. Here, expect five-star, knowledgeable service, remarkable food and, should you so desire, free-flowing wine (the price is all-inclusive).

Memories To Make: While at Erg Chigaga, your Instagram feed will flourish. Try sand boarding, camel riding, guided desert walks, quad biking, picnicking at the oasis, cycling and more. In one review, there is even talk of baby camels—a sighting well worth a nine-hour trek alone.

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15 Best Things To Do In The Sahara Desert, Morocco

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Looking for things to do in the Sahara Desert? Look no further!

The Sahara desert is the world’s largest hot desert, spanning over 3.5 million square miles across 11 nations. It is a vast wilderness that offers endless opportunities for adventure.

Although the desert is mostly empty and there are no ‘Sahara Desert attractions’ as such, there are still plenty of things to do and unique experiences to be had.

During my first trip to Morocco , I visited the Sahara Desert on a four-day trip from Marrakech to the Erg Chebbi dunes in Merzouga. Visiting the Sahara was a huge bucket list item for me and it did not disappoint!

So, let me share with you my top 15 recommendations for things to do in the Sahara Desert.

Hi, I’m JJ!

I’m a travel blogger with a passion for unique travel destinations, discovering hidden gems, and adventurous solo travel.

I’ve visited Morocco multiple times and planned a trip to the Sahara desert from Marrakech during my first time in Morocco.

I hope you enjoy my free guides and travel tips! If so, please consider supporting my work 💕

Private Tour With Luxury Camp

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Table of Contents

15 Best Things To Do In The Sahara Desert

1. camping in the sahara desert.

There is no better way to truly experience the Sahara Desert than by camping under the stars. With its vast expanse of sand dunes and clear night skies, the Sahara offers a magical setting for camping and the experience will leave you feeling like a true adventurer!

You can choose to camp in traditional Berber tents or opt for a more luxurious glamping experience with all modern amenities. Either way, it will be an unforgettable experience.

I chose to stay at a very basic desert camp which was basically just a tent made of blankets and a sleeping mat on the floor.

I wanted a rugged, back-to-basics experience to feel closer to nature but I know that many people hate this type of camping! So, choose what suits you best and enjoy the desert in your own way.

Here are some of the best options for desert camps in the Morrocan Sahara:

Luxury:   Erg Chebbi Luxury Desert Camp

Mid-range:   Sunrise Sahara Camp

Budget:   Desert Life Camp

2. Camel Trekking

Camel trekking is one of the most popular things to do in the Sahara Desert. However, there is a lot of debate about whether it is ethical or not.

I did a camel trek when I visited the Sahara Desert (when I was young and uninformed) and although I did enjoy it, I now know better and would not do it again.

If you do choose to go for a camel trek, make sure that the animals are treated well and handled responsibly.

🐪 Here are some resources so that you can make an informed decision: 1 , 2 , 3 .

3. Climb The Dunes 

Another must-do activity in the Sahara desert is climbing the dunes. It may seem like a daunting task, but once you reach the top, the views are simply breathtaking, so it’s definitely worth the effort!

In Erg Chebbi, the dunes can reach as high as 160m and climbing them is a lot harder than it looks! The sand starts to slide under your feet, so for every few steps you take forward, you slide back a little.

It’s definitely a workout for your legs (my calves were burning!) but the feeling of accomplishment when you reach the top is unbeatable.

Just be sure to bring plenty of water and sunscreen with you as it can get quite hot as you are climbing but I also recommend a light jacket or thin sweater as it can be windy once you are at the top.

💁🏻‍♀️JJ’s Top Tip: The best time to climb the dunes is early morning or evening when the temperatures are cooler and the lighting is perfect for photos.

4. Watch The Sunset Or Sunrise From The Dunes

One of the most magical experiences you can have in the Sahara desert is watching the sun rise or set from the top of a dune.

The colours and peacefulness of the desert at these times are truly mesmerizing. It’s also a great opportunity to take some unique photos that will make your friends jealous! Just remember to dress warmly as it can get quite chilly once the sun goes down.

I climbed the dunes for both sunset and sunrise the following morning. Watching the sunset was my favourite out of the two, although I have to admit that climbing back down the dune in the dark was a fun challenge!

5. Stargazing

With very little light pollution and clear skies, stargazing in the Sahara desert is an unforgettable experience!

You can lay back on a blanket at your camp, sip on some hot tea, and gaze up at the millions of stars twinkling above you.

If you’re lucky, you may even catch a glimpse of a shooting star – I saw several of them during my time in the desert!

Turn off all lights and electronics and let yourself be fully immersed in the beauty of the night sky. It’s a truly humbling experience that will make you feel connected to something much bigger than yourself.

💁🏻‍♀️JJ’s Top Tip: Bring along a star map or download an astronomy app on your phone to help identify constellations and planets. I like to use the Night Sky app for this.

6. Sandboarding

If you’re feeling adventurous, why not give sandboarding a try? It’s a must-try activity in the Sahara desert for adrenaline seekers!

It’s like snowboarding but on sand dunes instead of snow. It may take a few tries to get the hang of it, but once you do, it’s an exhilarating experience! Plus, you’ll have some great stories to tell and memories to look back on.

Make sure to wear closed-toe shoes and protective eyewear, and listen to your guide’s instructions to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience. And of course, don’t forget to capture some epic photos and videos for your friends to envy!

⛺ This luxury camping experience includes sandboarding and is perfect for adventure lovers!

7. 4×4 Drive Through The Dunes

I’ve done this in both the Sahara Desert and the Wadi Rum Desert in Jordan, and both times it was so much fun and definitely an adrenaline rush like no other!

Hop into a 4×4 jeep and hold tight as you zoom over the rolling sand dunes. It’s like being on a rollercoaster but with better views! It’s a great way to cover more ground and see different areas of the desert while having some thrilling fun.

Your guide will take you to some of the most picturesque spots in the desert where you can hop out and take some photos or just soak up the breathtaking landscapes. Just make sure to hold onto your camera tightly!

🚙This 4×4 experience from Merzouga is if you want to go deeper into the desert but are short on time!

8. Quad Biking/ ATV Riding

Another adrenaline-pumping activity in the Sahara desert is quad biking or ATV riding.

Imagine zooming through the desert on a four-wheeled vehicle, feeling the wind in your face and the sand beneath your tyres. It’s an exhilarating experience that will leave you with a huge smile on your face.

Your guide will lead you through different paths and dunes, making sure to stop at some scenic spots along the way.

Don’t worry if you’ve never ridden a quad bike before, your guide will give you all the necessary instructions and make sure you feel comfortable before setting off.

This is a great way to explore the desert at a faster pace while still getting an adrenaline rush.

🏍️ This guided quad-biking tour takes you on a fast-paced adventure through the Erg Chebbi dunes!

9. Meet The Berber People

The Berber people are the indigenous inhabitants of the Sahara desert, and getting to know them is a must-do experience.

The Berber tribes have a long history in North and sub-Saharan Africa, dating back over 20,000 years before the Arab conquest of the region.

Many tours allow you to visit a Berber family and learn about their nomadic way of life, as well as their customs, and traditions. You can also have the opportunity to taste some delicious Berber cuisine, sip mint tea, and maybe even try on some traditional clothing!

This cultural exchange will give you a deeper understanding and appreciation of this unique desert community.

Make sure to book with an ethical tour company that respects and supports the local Berber people, and ensures that your money is going directly to the people that you are visiting.

⛺ Meet the Berber people on this immersive cultural experience that includes a performance of the incredible Gnawa music – a traditional blend of classical Islamic music and African beats!

10. Campfire Under The Stars

After a day full of exciting activities, there’s nothing quite like cosying up around a campfire under the starry sky.

Most desert camps will include a campfire. You can sip on some traditional mint tea and enjoy a delicious dinner while listening to live music and watching traditional Berber dances.

You can also try your hand at playing some traditional instruments or just sit back and relax as you take in the peaceful desert night.

Just remember to dress warmly as it can get chilly at night in the desert, but the warmth of the fire and the company of your fellow travellers will keep you cosy.

11. Traditional Moroccan Drums 

For a truly immersive experience, join in on a traditional Moroccan drumming session around the campfire.

You’ll learn how to play the traditional drums and be part of an authentic desert musical experience. The rhythmic beats and lively atmosphere will have you dancing under the stars and feeling like a true Berber nomad.

Don’t be afraid to let loose and have fun with the music – after all, that’s what travel is all about! I had a great time learning how to play the drums and even bought one to bring home with me.

12. Have A Sand Bath

As a unique desert tradition, some desert camps offer the option to have a sand bath . Sand baths are believed to have started in ancient Egypt and were later practised by the Greeks.

You’ll be buried up to your neck in hot sand and left to relax for about 15 minutes. This natural form of therapy is believed to have healing benefits and leave you feeling rejuvenated.

Sweating helps detox the body, while sand grains exfoliate dry skin. The weight of the sand relaxes muscles and calms the mind. Thanks to the minerals in the sand, sand baths can also treat skin conditions like acne, psoriasis, and other ailments.

Don’t miss out on this unique experience during your desert adventure!

13. Meditation And Yoga 

The desert is a great place to practice yoga and meditation. The peacefulness of the surroundings and the open space make it the perfect place to reconnect with yourself and find inner peace.

Some desert camps offer yoga classes or meditation sessions in the morning or evening, providing a serene start or end to your day.

Take some time for self-care during your trip and join in on these activities – you won’t regret it!

🧘🏻‍♀️ The Sahara Wellness Camp runs yoga retreats in the desert, allowing you to fully immerse yourself in yoga and meditation while surrounded by the beautiful landscape.

14. Spot Sahara Desert Wildlife

While the Sahara Desert may seem barren, it is actually home to a variety of wildlife. From camels and goats to desert foxes and the adorable desert hedgehog , there is an abundance of animals that have adapted to life in the harsh environment.

During your desert trip, keep an eye out for these creatures. I saw tons of lizards and I think I even caught a glimpse of a desert hare in the distance!

Many of the camps also have cats or dogs that roam freely, offering cuddles and companionship to visitors. So don’t be surprised if you make some furry friends during your stay!

💁🏻‍♀️ JJ’s Top Tip: Always observe animals from a respectful distance and never disturb or harm them.

15. Hot Air Balloon Ride 

For a truly unique view of the Sahara Desert, take a hot air balloon ride! Imagine soaring above the dunes and watching the sunrise or sunset from high up in the sky.

Some tour companies in Merzouga offer this activity as an excursion, and it is definitely worth considering. It’s an unforgettable experience that allows you to appreciate the vastness and beauty of the desert from a different perspective.

💁🏻‍♀️ JJ’s Top Tip: Don’t be afraid to ask your guide or fellow travellers to take a photo of you in the balloon. It’s a once-in-a-lifetime moment that you’ll want to remember forever!

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Faqs: 10 best things to do in the sahara desert, what do people do in the sahara desert.

In the Sahara desert, people can participate in various activities such as camping, camel rides, sandboarding, ATV rides, cultural experiences with the local Berber community, and campfires under the stars. There are also opportunities for traditional Moroccan drums, sand baths, meditation and yoga, wildlife spotting, and hot air balloon rides.

What will you see in Sahara Desert?

In the Sahara desert, you will see vast stretches of golden sand dunes, breathtaking sunsets and sunrises, clear star-studded skies at night, and various forms of desert wildlife.

Why would people want to go to the Sahara desert?

People may want to go to the Sahara desert for many reasons, such as to experience unique cultural activities, seek adventure and adrenaline-filled activities, reconnect with nature and disconnect from the hustle and bustle of daily life, or simply admire the stunning natural beauty of the desert.

Is it worth visiting the Sahara desert?

Absolutely! Visiting the Sahara desert is a once-in-a-lifetime experience that offers a unique and unforgettable adventure. It allows you to immerse yourself in a different culture, witness breathtaking landscapes, and try out new activities. Plus, the peacefulness and stillness of the desert can be incredibly rejuvenating.

Can you go in the Sahara desert?

Yes, you can go into the Sahara desert, but it is recommended to do so with a guided tour or an experienced local guide. The extreme temperature and terrain of the desert can be challenging for inexperienced travellers, and it is important to take precautions and follow safety measures when exploring the Sahara.

What is the best time of year to visit the Sahara Desert?

The best time of year to visit the Sahara desert is during the cooler months from October to April, when temperatures are more bearable and there is less chance of extreme weather conditions.

Which country is safest to visit Sahara?

There are several countries in Africa that offer safe and organized tours to the Sahara desert , including Morocco, Tunisia, and Egypt. It is important to check travel advisories and consult with tour operators before visiting to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience.

What should I wear to the Sahara desert?

It is recommended to wear loose, breathable clothing that covers your skin from the sun’s harsh rays. Long-sleeved shirts and pants are ideal, along with a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses. It is also important to bring sunscreen and plenty of water to stay hydrated in the hot desert climate. A good pair of hiking shoes or sandals with ankle support are also recommended.

Does it get cold in the Sahara desert?

Yes, the Sahara desert can get cold at night, especially during the winter months. It is important to bring warm layers and a sleeping bag if you plan on camping in the desert. Additionally, temperatures can vary greatly between day and night in the desert, so it’s important to pack for both hot and cold weather.

Can you spend the night in the Sahara desert?

Yes, various tour companies offer overnight camping experiences in the Sahara desert.

Final Thoughts: 10 Best Things To Do In The Sahara Desert

Whether you’re seeking adventure or relaxation, the Sahara desert offers a unique and unforgettable experience.

From adrenaline-pumping activities like sandboarding and quad biking to more chilled-out vibes like yoga, meditation and stargazing under the vast night sky, there is so much to do in this breathtaking landscape.

Visiting the Sahara was a dream come true for me, and I definitely made the most of my time there. I hope this guide has inspired you to plan your own Sahara adventure and discover all the amazing things this magical place has to offer.

For more Morocco inspiration check out my guide to Marrakech and 4-day Morocco itinerary .

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One comment

Amazing blog, I appreciate your great job about giving details, and explaining things for travelers who are interested in visiting our safe Desert…

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The 10 Best Desert Getaways in the U.S.

See recent posts by Lara Grant

Whether you despise rain or are just tired of city lights and skyscrapers, a trip to one of the desert towns in the U.S. can provide relief with skin-warming sun and cacti as far as the eye can see. Though summers in these locales can be a bit too sweltering, the typically mild winters make them suitable travel destinations. We've rounded up the best desert getaways in the U.S., so you can hike, bike, and sightsee to your heart's content. Technically, we've included a few high-desert spots that lack the arid landscape of low deserts, but they still provide much of the same natural characteristics as the lower-elevation terrains.

1. Sedona, Arizona

The laid-back Palm Springs has had an evolving persona. Located a two-hour drive from Los Angeles in the Sonoran Desert, it first attracted health-conscious individuals with its dry heat and hot springs, followed by Hollywood starlets like Frank Sinatra and Elizabeth Taylor. These days, it plays host to LGBT-friendly parties and hip vacationers looking for little more than a poolside cocktail amid retro furnishings. For those who aren’t content to simply relax, the sacred Native American sites, top-notch golf courses, and vintage shopping provide ample indoor and outdoor activities.

Our Hotel Pick: Two Bunch Palms

The upscale Two Bunch Palms Resort and Spa is renowned for its natural mineral springs and glamorous Hollywood past (it was a rumored hideout of Al Capone’s). he Grotto rooms still maintain some of their vintage details, notably in the bathrooms, while the Solstice rooms are modern and sleek. The spa has everything from mud baths to watsu pools. Grounds include hiking trails, lakes, and a walking labyrinth. A dedicated yoga dome, tennis courts, lap pool, and fitness center highlight the resort’s emphasis on a healthy Californian lifestyle.

Pricing for Two Bunch Palms

7. Big Bend National Park, Texas

Though Marfa, Texas has appeared on lots of where-to-travel lists in the last couple of years, tourists should instead drive 90 minutes south to Big Bend National Park. Occupying 801,163 acres of land, the park includes the entire Chisos mountain range and a large portion of the Chihuahuan Desert. Its southern border is the flowing Rio Grande, with Mexico on the other side, allowing visitors to kayak between cliffs that rise up to 1,500 feet. Though strenuous, the South Rim hike culminates in a 2,000-foot gain with breathtaking vistas. Plus, there are bird-watching opportunities along the way.

8. Tucson, Arizona

Eric Javits ‘Hampton’ Straw Sun Hat

The desert sun can become immense. Alongside a bottle of sunscreen, a packable hat is a must-bring in order to protect that scalp.

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Sonoran Desert

The Sonoran Desert is one of the most vibrant and unique deserts in the world. Learn about things to do in the desert in Greater Phoenix, including sites, views, hikes and more. 

Some say deserts are nothing but sand and wind, but the Sonoran Desert disagrees. This vast landscape holds whispered puzzles, with clues hidden in the coyote’s howl, the cactus wren’s chatter, the rustle of mesquite branches. Let your first glance linger, and you’ll find abundant life and beauty. Shadows flirt with red rocks. Palo verde trees sway. Sandstone buttes transform into red-ochre poetry.

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Saguaros, reaching their green limbs to the afternoon sky, hold their own mysteries. Their long appendages make them look strangely human, but they’re actually prickly sentinels with sharp protective spines that discourage interlopers. All except the Gila woodpecker and the gilded flicker, who carve boot-shape holes in the saguaro’s trunk and lay their eggs, or the occasional Harris’s hawk who nests in a saguaro’s cradling arms.

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Paddling the Salt River

A leisurely float puts river goers up close to wild mustangs, blue herons and bald eagles. 

But the desert’s most lavish trickery happens almost every evening, when sunset comes as a revelation. Columns of clouds build to a crescendo. Shafts of sunlight poke through the firmament, then disappear. Horizontal flames of maroon and vermilion ignite the sky. Science can explain the desert’s extravagant sunsets: Dry air sharpens the light; high-elevation clouds decrease wavelengths and reflect colors. But science goes only so far. The spot where the golden orb dips below the horizon grabs our attention, but it’s just a sliver of the action. Sunset magic occurs in the desert’s full spectrum of sky. Ranges to the north, south and east glow lavender in the cooling light as alpenglow floods the sky. Topography pencils in the lines — endless muted folds of mountains, deep-shadow buttes and horizons far enough to inspire dreams.

Golden Hour(s)

Best places to watch a sunset.

Catch a spectacular Sonoran Desert sunset from the perch of patio with drink in hand, the peak of a… 

Scenic Views

Soak in the city's lights and saguaro-studded panoramas at these vantage points. 

Scenic Drives

These intra-city road trips allow you to travel from Point A to Point Beautiful…and be back home in… 

Desert Tours & Trips

• Choose from 30 Desert tours
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10 best Desert tour packages

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Melissa Desert travel expert at TourRadar

5 day trip: Sahara Fun Outdoor Experience

Morocco kasbahs & desert, the egyptian magic - 6 days pyramids and cairo highlights + camping in the white desert, 5 days unspoiled sahara and shooting stars experience, 2 days sahara tour from marrakech to m'hamid desert, 4-days discovery @ atacama desert, desert gateway journey, marrakech to fes: 4 day trip experience, 3-days discovery @ san pedro de atacama, sahara desert tour 3 days 2 nights from fez to marrakech.

“I can say that was quite amazing adventure, my guide Addi was incredible and knowledgable.” Eduaits Narovcenko, traveled in June 2024

• Christmas & New Year
• Explore Skoura Oasis and Amridil Kasbah
• Camel safari and sunset in the Sahara
• Try sandboarding and quad biking

“Tour was well planned and all hotels were very good. I strongly recommend this tour.” Sunil Verma, traveled in April 2024

• Discover the Aït Ben Haddou Kasbah
• Explore the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca
• Tour ancient Roman ruins at Volubilis

“The camping at the White Desert was a unique and unforgettable experience.” Joel Tham, traveled in February 2023

• In-depth Cultural
• Marvel at the famous Great Pyramids of Giza with your expert guide
• Get all of your tours and transfers in a comfort vehicle
• Visit Saladin Citadel, constructed in 1183 AD, and Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque

“The days in the desert were definitely the highlight of the trip with the camel rides and off roading.” James Toland, traveled in May 2024

• Get a full feel of the unbelievable glory of the massive canyon walls at Todra
• Embark on a Saharan adventure to a camel ride through the stunning dunes
• Explore the scene for many Hollywood hits at Ait Benhaddou Kasbah

• Visit the iconic Ait Ben Haddou
• Sleep under the stars in a tent
• Cross the High Atlas Mountains

“Everything went as we expected. Very good.” Kurt, traveled in September 2019

• Sightseeing
• Explore the stars in Atacama's clear skies
• Visit Chaxa Lagoon and spot flamingos
• Discover Red Stones and Altiplanic Lagoons

• Explore the Ait Ben Haddou UNESCO site
• Visit the ancient village of Tamgeroute
• Watch sunrise over the Erg Chigaga dunes

“Accommodation was better than expected especially in the desert. Couldn't recommend this enough.” George Neale, traveled in November 2019

• Ride camels and sleep in Berber tents in Merzouga
• Visit the UNESCO-listed Ait Ben Haddou Kasbah
• Discover Berber culture and enjoy traditional music

“We loved our trip to the Atacama. This package delivered all we could ask for.” Melissa Lefterys, traveled in November 2023

• Witness sunrise at the Tatio Geysers and visit Machuca
• Breakfast in a Tamarugo forest, then visit Red Stones
• View the Altiplanic Lagoons and volcanic landscapes

“The visit to Merzouga was the best! Riding the camels in the Sahara was something I'll never forget.” Julia Carroll, traveled in August 2019

• Visit the historic Ait Benhaddou Kasbah
• Journey through the Dades Valley's landscapes
• Explore the cedar forests and see Barbary apes

More about Desert

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Western Desert Tours

Sustainable Tourism

The sense of freedom and the boundless horizons that travelers encounter in the desert can make them feel anything can be done there, without consequences for the environment. However, the sparseness of the plant cover, the scarcity of natural resources, and the lack of humidity (an accelerator of biodegradability) in fact make these environments highly sensitive to human passage.

As tour operators, we probably have the largest interest in preserving the pristine beauty of this unique environment on which our business depends. We pride ourselves on our ecological awareness and our own conservation efforts as we believe that our resources are precious and must be safeguarded for future generations. That’s why we strongly advocate responsible and sustainable tourism.

This means:

• Not leaving any garbage anywhere (even buried under the sand where the wind manages to uncover everything), be they made of plastic, metal or even paper,
• keeping in mind that as water is very scarce, decomposition processes are very slow,
• encouraging visitors to burn toilet paper with a lighter,
• respecting the places we visit when other people are already on the spot, being quiet and friendly,
• remembering that nature has sometimes needed millions of years to give birth to the wonders we see.

If you would like to learn more about sustainable tourism in the desert, you might be interested in the United Nations Environment Program’s “Tourism and Deserts: A Practical Guide to Managing the Social and Environmental Impacts in the Desert Recreation Sector” .

Winter is here! Check out the winter wonderlands at these 5 amazing winter destinations in Montana

• Travel Destinations

Mystery Of Fly Geyser In Nevada Desert

Published: September 8, 2024

by Jasmina Chafin

Have you ever heard of Fly Geyser ? This hidden gem in the Nevada desert looks like something from another planet. Formed by accident in 1964, this colorful geothermal wonder continues to grow, spewing hot water and minerals. The vibrant colors come from thermophilic algae thriving in the hot, moist environment. Located on private land, visiting requires a bit of planning, but the sight is worth it. Imagine standing before a steaming, rainbow-colored geyser in the middle of a barren landscape. Intrigued? Keep reading to learn how you can witness this natural marvel up close.

What is Fly Geyser?

Fly Geyser, a man-made wonder, sits in the Nevada desert. Accidentally created in 1964, this geothermal geyser has become a must-see. Its vibrant colors and unique formations make it a photographer's dream.

How to Get There

Reaching Fly Geyser involves a bit of planning. Located on private land, access is limited. However, guided tours offer a chance to see this marvel up close.

Reno : Start your journey in Reno, Nevada. It's the nearest major city with an airport. Rent a car for the drive to Gerlach.

Gerlach : A small town near Fly Geyser. It's the gateway to the Black Rock Desert. Stock up on supplies here.

Friends of Black Rock-High Rock : This organization offers guided tours to Fly Geyser. Book in advance to secure a spot.

What to Expect

Visiting Fly Geyser is a unique experience. The geyser's colors and formations are ever-changing, thanks to the minerals in the water.

Colorful Formations : The geyser's vibrant hues come from thermophilic algae. These heat-loving organisms thrive in the hot water.

Multiple Cones : Fly Geyser has several cones, each spewing hot water. The tallest cone reaches about five feet.

Hot Springs : Nearby hot springs offer a chance to relax. The water is warm but not scalding.

Best Time to Visit

Timing your visit can enhance the experience. The desert climate means extreme temperatures, so plan accordingly.

Spring : Mild temperatures and blooming wildflowers make spring ideal. The geyser's colors are especially vibrant.

Fall : Cooler weather and fewer tourists make fall another great option. The desert landscape is stunning this time of year.

Avoid Summer : Summer temperatures can soar above 100°F. Not the best time for a comfortable visit.

What to Bring

Preparation is key for a successful trip. The remote location means you'll need to bring essentials.

Water : The desert is dry and hot. Bring plenty of water to stay hydrated.

Sun Protection : Sunscreen, hats, and sunglasses are a must. The sun can be intense.

Camera : Capture the geyser's beauty. A good camera will help you take stunning photos.

Nearby Attractions

While Fly Geyser is the main draw, the surrounding area has other interesting spots.

Black Rock Desert : Known for hosting Burning Man, this vast desert is worth exploring. Its stark beauty is captivating.

Planet X Pottery : A local pottery studio near Gerlach. Find unique, handmade pieces to take home.

Guru Road : An art installation near Gerlach. Created by local artists, it's a quirky and fun stop.

Tips for a Great Visit

A few tips can make your visit to Fly Geyser even better.

Respect the Land : Fly Geyser is on private property. Follow all rules and guidelines during your visit.

Stay on Paths : Stick to designated paths to protect the delicate environment. The geyser and surrounding area are fragile.

Leave No Trace : Pack out all trash and belongings. Help keep the desert pristine for future visitors.

Fly Geyser: A Hidden Gem in Nevada

Fly Geyser stands as a natural wonder in the Nevada desert. Its vibrant colors and unique formations make it a must-see for anyone visiting the area. Unlike other tourist spots, Fly Geyser offers a sense of mystery and adventure . It's not just a sight to behold but an experience that connects you with nature's raw beauty .

Visiting Fly Geyser requires some planning. It's located on private land, so arranging a tour is essential. Once there, you'll find the journey well worth it. The geyser's steaming waters and colorful terraces create a scene straight out of a fantasy.

Fly Geyser is more than just a destination; it's a reminder of nature's unpredictable creativity . Whether you're a seasoned traveler or a curious explorer, this hidden gem in Nevada promises an unforgettable experience.

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Must-see attractions in Western Desert

White Desert National Park

Western Desert

Upon first glimpse of the 300-sq-km national park of the White Desert, you’ll feel like Alice through the looking-glass. About 20km northeast of Farafra,…

Necropolis of Al Bagawat

It may not look like much from afar, but this necropolis is one of the earliest surviving and best-preserved Christian cemeteries in the world. About 1km…

Fortress of Shali

Central Siwa is dominated by the spectacular organic shapes of the remains of this 13th-century mud-brick fortress. Built from kershef (chunks of salt…

Qasr Al Labakha

Set amid a desertscape of duney desolation, Qasr Al Labakha is a micro-oasis some 40km north of Al Kharga. Scattered among sandy swells and rocky shelves…

Badr’s Museum

Badr Abdel Moghny is a passionate self-taught artist whose gift to his town has become its only real sight. Badr’s Museum showcases his work, much of…

Qarat Al Muzawwaqa

These tombs were rediscovered by the Egyptian archaeologist Ahmed Fakri in 1971 and some have since been restored, including the tomb of Oziri (Petosiris)…

The Gilf Kebir is a spectacular sandstone plateau 150km north of Gebel Uweinat, rising 300m above the desert floor. The setting feels as remote as a place…

Great Sand Sea

One of the world’s largest dune fields, the Great Sand Sea straddles Egypt and Libya, stretching more than 800km from its northern edge near the…

A favourite Siwa excursion is the freshwater lake at Bir Wahed, 15km away on the edge of the Great Sand Sea. Once over the top of a dune, you come to a…

Gebel Uweinat

The mountain Gebel Uweinat sits on the border of Egypt, Sudan and Libya. At 1934m, it is the highest point in Egypt. As it name in Arabic implies, there…

Sixty kilometres west of Siwa Town, this stunning salt lake on the edge of the Great Sand Sea is ringed by palm trees. It’s a popular stopover for…

Qasr Al Ghueita

The garrison’s massive outer walls enclose a 25th-dynasty sandstone temple, dedicated to the Theban triad Amun, Mut and Khons. In later centuries, the…

Gebel Al Mawta

This small hill, at the northern end of Siwa Town, is honeycombed with rock tombs peppered with wall paintings. Its name, Gebel Al Mawta, means 'Mountain…

Temple of the Oracle

The 26th-dynasty Temple of the Oracle sits in the northwest corner of the ruins of Aghurmi village. Built in the 6th century BC, probably on top of an…

Temple of Hibis

The town of Hebet (‘the Plough’, now corrupted into Hibis) was the capital of the oasis in antiquity, but all that remains today is the well-preserved…

Qasr Ad Dush

About 13km to the southeast of Baris, Qasr Ad Dush is an imposing Roman temple-fortress completed around AD 177 on the site of the ancient town of Kysis…

Deir Al Haggar

This restored sandstone temple is one of the most complete Roman monuments in Dakhla. Dedicated to the Theban triad of Amun, Mut and Khons, as well as…

Qila Al Dabba

Qila Al Dabba is Balat’s ancient necropolis. The five mastabas (mud-brick structures above tombs that were the basis for later pyramids), the largest of…

Fatnas Spring

This fairly secluded pool is on a small island in the salty Birket Siwa, accessible across a narrow causeway. Nicknamed ‘Fantasy Island’ for its idyllic…

Monastery of Al Kashef

Dominating the cliffs 2km to the north of the Necropolis of Al Bagawat, the ruined Monastery of Al Kashef is strategically placed to overlook what was one…

Bir Al Gabal

Set among breathtaking desert scenery, Bir Al Gabal is a gorgeous place for a soak. During the day in winter and spring any ambience here is overwhelmed…

Ain Umm Al Dabadib

This impressive fort sits on a ridge rising grandly out of the desert plains about 20km west of Qasr Al Labakha. It has one of the most complex…

Cleopatra’s Spring

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Just above the entrance to the Fortress of Shali is the old mosque with its distinctive chimney-shaped minaret. The mosque was recently restored and a…

Al Kharga Museum of Antiquities

Designed to resemble the architecture of the nearby Necropolis of Al Bagawat, this two-storey museum is an old-school dusty trove of archaeological finds…

Qasr Al Zayyan

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Old Town of Mut

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Abu Shuruf, a clean spring said by locals to have healing properties, is 27km east of Siwa Town and 7km east of Ain Qurayshat spring in the next palm…

Tomb of Si Amun

The best of Gebel Al Mawta's paintings are in this tomb, where beautifully coloured reliefs portray the dead man – thought to be a wealthy Greek landowner…

Roughly 30km east of Siwa Town, this abandoned mud-brick village, beaten by the sand and wind, sits alone on the sandy plain. Hundreds of Roman-era tombs…

The Roman spring of Ain Bishay bubbles forth in the desert 10km southwest of Qasr Al Farafra. It has been developed into an irrigated grove of date palms…

This sulphurous hot spring 6km west of Qasr Al Farafra is a popular pit-stop. Water gushes into a jacuzzi-sized concrete pool and then spills out into a…

Ain Al Arais

The closest spring to central Siwa is Ain Al Arais, a cool, inviting waterhole with a grotto-like bottom, just five minutes’ walk from the main market…

Ain Qurayshat

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Tomb of Mesu-Isis

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Bir Qalamoun

Beautiful lake where you can rent a little rowing boat and ask a fisherman to cook you lunch.

Bilad Ar Rum

Just north of Kharmisah, around 17km northwest of Siwa Town, the City of the Romans has about 100 tombs cut into the rock of the nearby hills and the…

Baris Al Gedida

The mud-brick houses of Baris Al Gedida lie about 2km north of the original town. Hassan Fathy, Egypt’s most influential modern architect, designed the…

Ethnographic Museum

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Rock Carvings

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ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY

Deserts are areas that receive very little precipitation.

Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Meteorology, Geography, Human Geography, Physical Geography, Social Studies, World History

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Deserts are areas that receive very little precipitation . People often use the adjectives “hot,” “dry,” and “empty” to describe deserts , but these words do not tell the whole story. Although some deserts are very hot, with daytime temperatures as high as 54°C (130°F), other deserts have cold winters or are cold year-round. And most deserts , far from being empty and lifeless, are home to a variety of plants, animals, and other organisms . People have adapted to life in the desert for thou sands of years. One thing all deserts have in common is that they are arid , or dry. Most experts agree that a desert is an area of land that receives no more than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of precipitation a year. The amount of evaporation in a desert often greatly exceeds the annual rainfall. In all deserts , there is little water available for plants and other organisms . Deserts are found on every continent and cover about one-fifth of Earth’s land area. They are home to around 1 billion people—one-sixth of the Earth’s population. Although the word “ desert ” may bring to mind a sea of shifting sand , dunes cover only about 10 percent of the world’s deserts . Some deserts are mountainous. Others are dry expanses of rock, sand , or salt flats . Kinds of Deserts The world’s deserts can be divided into five types—subtropical, coastal, rain shadow , interior, and polar. Deserts are divided into these types according to the causes of their dryness. Subtropical Deserts Subtropical deserts are caused by the circulation patterns of air masses . They are found along the Tropic of Cancer , between 15 and 30 degrees north of the Equator , or along the Tropic of Capricorn , between 15 and 30 degrees south of the Equator . Hot, moist air rises into the atmosphere near the Equator . As the air rises, it cools and drops its moisture as heavy tropical rains. The resulting cooler, drier air mass moves away from the Equator . As it approaches the tropics, the air descends and warms up again. The descending air hinders the formation of clouds , so very little rain falls on the land below. The world’s largest hot desert , the Sahara, is a subtropical desert in northern Africa. The Sahara Desert is almost the size of the entire continental United States. Other subtropical deserts include the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa and the Tanami Desert in northern Australia. Coastal Deserts Cold ocean currents contribute to the formation of coastal deserts . Air blowing toward shore , chilled by contact with cold water, produces a layer of fog . This heavy fog drifts onto land. Although humidity is high, the atmospheric changes that normally cause rainfall are not present. A coastal desert may be almost totally rainless, yet damp with fog . The Atacama Desert , on the Pacific shores of Chile, is a coastal desert . Some areas of the Atacama are often covered by fog . But the region can go decades without rainfall. In fact, the Atacama Desert is the driest place on Earth. Some weather stations in the Atacama have never recorded a drop of rain. Rain Shadow Deserts Rain shadow deserts exist near the leeward slopes of some mountain ranges . Leeward slopes face away from prevailing winds . When moisture-laden air hits a mountain range , it is forced to rise. The air then cools and forms clouds that drop moisture on the windward ( wind -facing) slopes. When the air moves over the mountaintop and begins to descend the leeward slopes, there is little moisture left. The descending air warms up, making it difficult for clouds to form. Death Valley , in the U.S. states of California and Nevada, is a rain shadow desert . Death Valley , the lowest and driest place in North America, is in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada mountains.

Interior Deserts Interior deserts , which are found in the heart of continents , exist because no moisture-laden winds reach them. By the time air masses from coastal areas reach the interior, they have lost all their moisture. Interior deserts are sometimes called inland deserts . The Gobi Desert , in China and Mongolia, lies hundreds of kilometers from the ocean. Winds that reach the Gobi have long since lost their moisture. The Gobi is also in the rain shadow of the Himalaya mountains to the south. Polar Deserts Parts of the Arctic and the Antarctic are classified as deserts . These polar deserts contain great quantities of water, but most of it is locked in glaciers and ice sheets year-round. So, despite the presence of millions of liters of water, there is actually little available for plants and animals. The largest desert in the world is also the coldest. Almost the entire continent of Ant arctica is a polar desert , experiencing little precipitation . Few organisms can withstand the freezing, dry climate of Ant arctica . Changing Deserts The regions that are deserts today were not always so dry. Between 8000 and 3000 BCE, for example, the Sahara had a much milder, moister climate . Climatologists identify this period as the “ Green Sahara .” Archaeological evidence of past settlements is abundant in the middle of what are arid , unproductive areas of the Sahara today. This evidence includes rock paintings, graves , and tools. Fossils and artifacts show that lime and olive trees, oaks, and oleanders once bloomed in the Sahara. Elephants, gazelles, rhinos, giraffes, and people used stream-fed pools and lakes. There were three or four other moist periods in the Sahara. Similar lush conditions existed as recently as 25,000 years ago. Between the moist periods came periods of dryness much like today’s. The Sahara is not the only desert to have dramatic climate change . The Ghaggar River , in what is now India and Pakistan, was a major water source for Mohenjo-daro , an urban area of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization . Over time, the Ghaggar changed course and now only flows during the rainy monsoon season. Mohenjo-daro is now a part of the vast Thar and Cholistan deserts . Most of Earth’s deserts will continue to undergo periods of climate change . Desert Characteristics Humidity —water vapor in the air—is near zero in most deserts . Light rains often e vaporate in the dry air, never reaching the ground. Rainstorms sometimes come as violent cloudbursts . A cloudburst may bring as much as 25 centimeters (10 inches) of rain in a single hour—the only rain the desert gets all year. Desert humidity is usually so low that not enough water vapor exists to form clouds . The sun’s rays beat down through cloudless skies and bake the land. The ground heats the air so much that air rises in waves you can actually see. These shimmering waves confuse the eye, causing travelers to see distorted images called mirages . Temperature extremes are a characteristic of most deserts . In some deserts , temperatures rise so high that people are at risk of dehydration and even death. At night, these areas cool quickly because they lack the insulation provided by humidity and clouds . Temperatures can drop to 4°C (40°F) or lower. In the Chihuahuan Desert , in the United States and Mexico, temperatures can vary by dozens of degrees in one day. Daytime temperatures in the Chihuahua can climb beyond 37°C (100°F), while nighttime temperatures can dip below freezing (0°C or 32°F).

Winds at speeds of about 100 kilometers per hour (60 miles per hour) sweep through some deserts . With little vegetation to block it, the wind can carry sand and dust across entire continents and even oceans. Windstorms in the Sahara hurl so much material into the air that African dust sometimes crosses the Atlantic Ocean. Sunsets on the Atlantic coast of the U.S. state of Florida, for example, can be tinted yellow. First-time visitors to deserts are often amazed by the unusual landscapes , which may include dunes , towering bare peaks, flat-topped rock formations, and smoothly polished canyons . These features differ from those of wetter regions, which are often gently rounded by regular rainfall and softened by lush vegetation . Water helps carve desert lands. During a sudden storm, water scours the dry, hard-baked land, gathering sand , rocks, and other loose material as it flows. As the muddy water roars downhill, it cuts deep channels, called arroyos or wadis . A thunderstorm can send a fast-moving torrent of water—a flash flood —down a dry arroyo . A flash flood like this can sweep away anything and anyone in its path. Many desert regions di scourage visitors from hiking or camping in arroyos for this reason. Even urban areas in deserts can be vulnerable to flash floods . The city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, sits in the Arabian Desert . In 2011, Jeddah was struck by a sudden thunderstorm and flash flood . Roads and buildings were washed away, and more than 100 people died. Even in a desert , water and wind eventually wear away softer rock. Sometimes, rock is carved into tablelike formations such as mesas and buttes . At the foot of these formations, water drops its burden of gravel , sand , and other sediment, forming deposits called alluvial fans . Many deserts have no drainage to a river , lake, or ocean. Rainwater, including water from flash floods , collects in large depressions called basins . The shallow lakes that form in basins eventually e vaporate , leaving playas , or salt-surfaced lake beds. Playas , also called sinks, pans, or salt flats , can be hundreds of kilometers wide. The Black Rock Desert in the U.S. state of Nevada, for instance, is all that remains of the prehistoric Lake Lahontan. The hard, flat surface of desert salt flats are often ideal for car racing. In 1997, British pilot Andy Green set the land speed record in Black Rock Desert —1,228 kilometers per hour (763 miles per hour). Green’s vehicle, the ThrustSSC, was the first car to break the sound barrier . Wind is the primary sculptor of a desert ’s hills of sand , called dunes . Wind builds dunes that rise as high as 180 meters (590 feet). Dunes migrate constantly with the wind . They usually shift a few meters a year, but a particularly violent sandstorm can move a dune 20 meters (65 feet) in a single day. Sandstorms may bury everything in their path—rocks, fields, and even towns. One legend holds that the Persian Emperor Cambyses II sent an army of 50,000 men to the Siwa Oasis in western Egypt around 530 BCE. Halfway there, an enormous sandstorm swallowed the entire group. Archaeologists in the Sahara have been unsuccessfully looking for the “Lost Army of Cambyses” ever since. Water in the Desert Rain is usually the main source of water in a desert , but it falls very rarely. Many desert dwellers rely on groundwater , stored in aquifers below the surface. Groundwater comes from rain or other precipitation , like snow or hail. It seeps into the ground, where it can remain for thou sands of years. Underground water sometimes rises to the surface, forming springs or seeps. A fertile green area called an oasis , or cienega , may exist near such a water source. About 90 major, inhabited oases dot the Sahara. These oases are supported by some of the world’s largest supplies of underground water. People, animals, and plants all surround these oases, which provide stable access to water, food, and shelter. When groundwater doesn’t seep to the surface, people often drill into the ground to get to it. Many desert cities, from the American Southwest to the Middle East , rely heavily on such aquifers to fill their water needs. Rural Israeli communities called kibbutzim rely on aquifers to furnish water for crops and even fish farming in the dry Negev Desert .

Drilling into aquifers provides water for drinking, agriculture , industry , and hygiene . However, it comes at a cost to the environment. Aquifers take a long time to refill. If desert communities use groundwater faster than it is replenished, water shortages can occur. The Mojave Desert , in southern California and Nevada, for instance, is sinking due to aquifer depletion . The booming desert communities of Las Vegas, Nevada, and California’s “ Inland Empire ” are using water faster than the aquifer is being refilled. The water level in the aquifer has sunk as much as 30 meters (100 feet) since the 1950s, while the land above the aquifer has sunk as much as 10 centimeters (4 inches). Rivers sometimes provide water in a desert . The Colorado River , for instance, flows through three deserts in the American Southwest: the Great Basin , the Sonoran, and the Mojave. Seven states—Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, and California—rely on the river for some of their water supply. People often modify rivers to help distribute and store water in a desert . The Nile River ecosystem dominates the eastern part of the Sahara Desert , for instance. The Nile provides the most reliable, plentiful source of freshwater in the region. Between 1958 and 1971, the government of Egypt constructed a massive dam on the Upper Nile (the southern part of the river , near Egypt’s border with Sudan). The Aswan Dam harnesses the power of the Nile for hydroelectricity used in in dustry . It also stores water in a manmade lake, Lake Nasser, to protect the country’s communities and agriculture against drought . Construction of the Aswan High Dam was a huge engineering project. Local desert communities can divert rivers on a smaller scale. Throughout the Middle East , communities have dug artificial wadis , where freshwater can flow during rainy seasons. In countries like Yemen, artificial wadis can carry enough water for whitewater rafting trips during certain times of the year. When deserts and water supplies cross state and national borders, people often fight over water rights . This has happened among the states in the Colorado River Basin , which have negotiated for many years over the division of the river ’s water. Rapidly expanding populations in California, Nevada, and Arizona have compounded the problem. Agreements that were made in the early 20th century failed to account for Native American water rights . Mexican access to the Colorado, which has its delta in the Mexican state of Baja California, was ignored. Desert agriculture , including cotton production, demanded a large portion of the Colorado. The environmental impact of dams was not considered when the structures were built. States of the Colorado River Basin continue to negotiate today to prepare for population growth, agricultural development , and the possibility of future droughts . Life in the Desert Plants and animals adapt to desert habitats in many ways. Desert plants grow far apart, allowing them to obtain as much water around them as possible. This spacing gives some desert regions a desolate appearance. In some deserts , plants have unique leaves to capture sunlight for photosynthesis , the process plants use to make food. Small pores in the leaves, called stomata , take in carbon dioxide . When they open, they also release water vapor . In the desert , all these stomata would quickly dry out a plant. So desert plants typically have tiny, waxy leaves. Cactuses have no leaves at all. They produce food in their green stems. Some desert plants, such as cactuses , have shallow, wide-spreading root systems . The plants soak up water quickly and store it in their cells . Saguaro cactuses , which live in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona and northern Mexico, expand like accordions to store water in the cells of their trunks and branches. A large saguaro is a living storage tower that can hold hundreds of liters of water. Other desert plants have very deep roots. The roots of a mesquite tree, for example, can reach water more than 30 meters (100 feet) underground. Mesquites , saguaros, and many other desert plants also have thorns to protect them from grazing animals . Many desert plants are annuals , which means they only live for one season. Their seeds may lie dormant for years during long dry spells. When rain finally comes, the seeds sprout rapidly. Plants grow, bloom, produce new seeds, and die, often in a short span of time. A soaking rain can change a desert into a wonderland of flowers almost overnight.

Animals that have adapted to a desert environment are called xerocoles . Xerocoles include species of insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Some xerocoles avoid the sun by resting in scarce shade. Many escape the heat in cool burrows they dig in the ground. The fennec fox, for example, is native to the Sahara Desert . Fennec fox communities work together to dig large burrows , some as large as 93 square meters (1,000 square feet). Dew can collect in these burrows , providing the foxes with fresh water. However, fennec foxes have adapted so they do not have to drink water at all: Their kidneys retain enough water from the food they eat. Most xerocoles are nocturnal . They sleep through the hot days and do their hunting and foraging at night. Deserts that seem desolate during the day are very active in the cool nighttime air. Foxes, coyotes, rats, and rabbits are all nocturnal desert mammals. Snakes and lizards are familiar desert reptiles. Insects such as moths and flies are abundant in the desert . Most desert birds are restricted to areas near water, such as river banks. However, some birds, such as the roadrunner, have adapted to life in the desert . The roadrunner, native to the deserts of North America, obtains water from its food. Some xerocoles have bodies that help them handle the heat. A desert tortoise’s thick shell insulates the animal and reduces water loss. Sand lizards, native to the deserts of Europe and Asia, are nicknamed “dancing lizards” because of the way they quickly lift one leg at a time off the hot desert sand . A jackrabbit’s long ears contain blood vessels that release heat. Some desert vultures urinate on their own legs, cooling them by e vaporation . Many desert animals have developed ingenious ways of getting the water they need. The thorny devil, a lizard that lives in the Australian Outback , has a system of tiny grooves and channels on its body that lead to its mouth. The lizard catches rain and dew in these grooves and sucks them into its mouth by gulping. Camels are very efficient water users. The animals do not store water in their humps, as people once believed. The humps store fat. Hydrogen molecules in the fat combine with inhaled oxygen to form water. During a shortage of food or water, camels draw upon this fat for nutrition and moisture. Dromedary camels, native to the Arabian and Sahara deserts , can lose up to 30 percent of their body weight without harm. Camels, nicknamed “ships of the desert ,” are widely used for transportation, meat, and milk in the Maghreb (a region in Northwest Africa), the Middle East , and the Indian Sub continent . People and the Desert About 1 billion people live in deserts . Many of these people rely on centuries-old customs to make their lives as comfortable as possible Civilizations throughout the Middle East and Maghreb have adapted their clothing to the hot, dry conditions of the Sahara and Arabian deserts . Clothing is versatile and based on robes made of rectangles of fabric. Long-sleeved, full-length, and often white, these robes shield all but the head and hands from the wind , sand , heat, and cold. White reflects sunlight, and the loose fit allows cooling air to flow across the skin. These robes of loose cloth can be adjusted (folded) for length, sleeves, and pockets, depending on the wearer and the climate . A thobe is a full-length, long-sleeved white robe. An abaya is a sleeveless cloak that protects the wearer from dust and heat. A djebba is a short, square pullover shirt worn by men. A kaffiyeh is a rectangular piece of cloth folded loosely around the head to protect the wearer from sun exposure, dust , and sand . It can be folded and unfolded to cover the mouth, nose, and eyes. Kaffiyehs are secured around the head with a cord called an agal . A turban is similar to a kaffiyeh , but wrapped around the head instead of being secured with an agal . Turbans are also much longer—up to six meters (20 feet)! Desert dwellers have also adapted their shelters for the unique climate . The ancient Anasazi peoples of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico constructed huge apartment complexes in the rocky cliffs of the Sonoran Desert . These cliff dwellings, sometimes dozens of meters off the ground, were constructed with thick, earthen walls that provided insulation . Although temperatures outside varied greatly from day to night, temperatures inside did not. Tiny, high windows let in only a little light and helped keep out dust and sand .

The need to find food and water has led many desert civilizations to become nomadic . Nomadic cultures are those that do not have permanent settlements. In the deserts of the Middle East and Asia, nomadic tent communities continue to flourish . Tent walls are made of thick, sturdy cloth that can keep out sand and dust , but also allow cool breezes to blow through. Tents can be rolled up and transported on pack animals (usually horses, donkeys, or camels). Nomads move frequently so their flocks of sheep and goats will have water and grazing land. Besides animals like camels and goats, a variety of desert vegetation is found in oases and along the shores of rivers and lakes. Figs, olives, and oranges thrive in desert oases and have been harvested for centuries. Some desert areas rely on resources brought from more fertile areas—food trucked in from distant farmlands or, more frequently, water piped from wetter regions. Large areas of desert soil are irrigated by water pumped from underground sources or brought by canal from distant rivers or lakes. The booming Inland Empire of southeastern California is made up of deserts (the Mojave and the Sonoran) that rely on water for agriculture , in dustry , and residential development. Canals and aqueducts supply the Inland Empire with water from the Colorado River , to the east, and the Sierra Nevada snowmelt to the north. A variety of crops can thrive in these irrigated oases. Sugar cane is a very water-intensive crop mostly harvested in tropical regions. However, sugar cane is also harvested in the deserts of Pakistan and Australia. Water for irrigation is transported from hundreds of kilometers away, or drilled from hundreds of meters underground. Oases in desert climates have been popular spots for tourists for centuries. Spas ring the Dead Sea, a saline lake in the Judean Desert of Israel and Jordan. The Dead Sea has had flourishing spas since the time of King David . Air transportation and the development of air conditioning have made the sunny climate of deserts even more accessible and attractive to people from colder regions. Populations at resorts like Palm Springs , California, and Las Vegas, Nevada, have boomed. Desert parks, such as Death Valley National Park, California, attract thou sands of visitors every year. People who migrate to the warm, dry desert for the winter and return to more temperate climates in the spring are sometimes called “ snowbirds .” In rural areas, hot days turn into cool nights, providing welcome relief from the scorching sun. But in cities, structures like buildings, roads, and parking lots hold on to daytime heat long after the sun sets. The temperature stays high even at night, making the city an “island” of heat in the middle of the desert . This is called the urban heat island effect. It is less pronounced in desert cities than cities built in heavily forested areas. Cities like New York City, New York, and Atlanta, Georgia, can be 5 degrees warmer than the surrounding area. New York was built on wetland habitat , and Atlanta was built in a wooded area. Cities like Phoenix, Arizona, or Kuwait City, Kuwait, have a much smaller urban heat island effect. They may be only slightly warmer than the surrounding desert . Deserts can hold economically valuable resources that drive civilizations and economies. The most notable desert resource in the world is the massive oil reserves in the Arabian Desert of the Middle East . More than half of the proven oil reserves in the world lie beneath the sands of the Arabian Desert , mostly in Saudi Arabia. The oil in dustry draws companies, migrant workers, engineers, geologists , and biologists to the Middle East . Desertification Desertification is the process of productive cropland turning into non-productive, desert -like environments. Desertification usually happens in semi- arid areas that border deserts . Human activities are a primary cause of desertification . These activities include overgrazing of livestock , deforestation , overcultivation of farmland, and poor irrigation practices. Overgrazing and de forestation remove plants that anchor the soil. As a result, wind and water erode the nutrient -rich topsoil . Hooves from grazing livestock compact the soil, preventing it from absorbing water and fertilizers . Agricultural production is devastated , and the economy of a region suffers.

The deserts of Patagonia , the largest in South America, are expanding due to desertification . Patagonia is a major agricultural region where non-native species such as cattle and sheep graze on grassland . Sheep and cattle have reduced the native vegetation in Patagonia , causing loss of valuable topsoil . More than 30 percent of the grasslands of Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia are faced with desertification . People often overuse natural resources to survive and profit in the short term, while neglecting long-term sustainability . Madagascar, for instance, is a tropical island in the Indian Ocean. Seeking greater economic opportunities, farmers in Madagascar engaged in slash-and-burn agriculture . This method relies on cutting and burning forests to create fields for crops . Unfortunately, at the time farmers were investing in slash-and-burn agriculture , Madagascar experienced long-term droughts . With little vegetation to anchor it, the thin topsoil quickly eroded . The island’s central plateau is now a barren desert . Rapid population growth also can lead to overuse of resources , killing plant life and depleting nutrients from the soil. Lake Chad is a source of freshwater for four countries on the edge of the Sahara Desert : Chad, Cameroon, Niger, and Nigeria. These developing countries use Lake Chad’s shallow waters for agriculture , in dustry , and hygiene . Since the 1960s, Lake Chad has shrunk to half its size. Desertification has severely reduced the wetland habitats surrounding the lake, as well as its fishery and grazing lands. Desertification is not new. In the 1930s, parts of the Great Plains of North America became the “ Dust Bowl ” through a combination of drought and poor farming practices. Millions of people had to leave their farms and seek a living in other parts of the country. Desertification is an increasing problem. Every year, about 6 million square kilometers (2.3 million square miles) of land become useless for cultivation due to desertification . The Sahara Desert crept 100 kilometers (39 miles) south between 1950 and 1975. South Africa is losing 300-400 million metric tons (330-441 short tons) of topsoil each year. Many countries are working to reduce the rates of desertification . Trees and other vegetation are being planted to break the force of the wind and to hold the soil. Windbreaks made of trees have been planted throughout the Sahel , the southern border region of the Sahara Desert . These windbreaks anchor the soil and prevent sand from invading populated areas. In China’s Tengger Desert , researchers have developed another way to control wandering dunes . They anchor the drifting sand with a gridlike network of straw fences. Straw is poked partway into the sand , forming a pattern of small squares along the contours of the dunes . The resulting fences break the force of the wind at ground level, stopping dune movement by confining the sand within the squares of the grid. New technologies are also being developed to combat desertification . “ Nanoclay ” is a substance sprayed on desert sands that acts as a binding agent. Nanoclay keeps the sand moist, clumping it together and preventing it from blowing away. Deserts Get Hotter Rising temperatures can have huge effects on fragile desert ecosystems . Global warming is the most current instance of climate change . Human activities such as burning fossil fuels contribute to global warming . In deserts , temperatures are rising even faster than the global average. This warming has effects beyond simply making hot deserts hotter. For example, increasing temperatures lead to the loss of nitrogen , an important nutrient , from the soil. Heat prevents microbes from converting nutrients to nitrates , which are necessary for almost all living things. This can reduce the already limited plant life in deserts . Climate change also affects rainfall patterns. Climate scientists predict that global warming will lead to more rainfall in some regions, but less rainfall in other places. Areas facing reduced precipitation include areas with some of the largest deserts in the world: North Africa (Sahara), the American Southwest (Sonoran and Chihuahuan), the southern Andes ( Patagonia ), and western Australia (Great Victoria). In literature and in legend, deserts are often described as hostile places to avoid. Today, people value desert resources and biodiversity . Communities, governments , and organizations are working to preserve desert habitats and increase desert productivity.

Devil of a Storm Dust devils are common in hot deserts. They look like tiny tornadoes, but they start on the ground rather than in the sky. When patches of ground get very hot, the heated air above them begins to rise and spin. This whirling column of hot air picks up dust and dirt. These spinning columns of dirt can rise hundreds of feet in the air.

Freak Floods Deserts are defined by their dryness. However, flash floods take more lives in deserts than thirst does.

Hot and Cold Deserts The largest hot desert in the world is the Sahara, which is 9 million square kilometers (3.5 million square miles). It isn't the hottest place on Earth, though. That distinction belongs to Death Valley, in California's Mojave Desert. The highest temperature on Earth was recorded there: 56.7 C (134.1 F). The largest polar desert is Antarctica, at 13 million square kilometers (5 million square miles). Antarctica boasts the lowest official temperature recorded on Earth: -89.2 C (-128.6 F), recorded on July 21, 1983.

Rising from the Ashes The desert city of Phoenix, Arizona, is named for the mythical desert bird that burns to death only to be reborn, rising from its own ashes. The city of Phoenix was built on top of the ruins of canals built by the Hohokam people between 500 and 1450 CE. The Hohokam used the canals to irrigate their crops. Modern-day residents also rely on an extensive canal system to provide irrigation.

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