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How to Be a Respectful Visitor to Türkiye Post-Earthquake

On February 6, 2023, two devastating earthquakes with magnitudes of 7.8 and then 7.7 ripped through southeastern Türkiye and Syria , leaving a path of destruction in its wake. In addition to the loss of life of  more than 50,000 people , the quake also destroyed thousands of buildings, turning homes to rubble and taking with it beloved  ancient cultural heritage like the nearly 2,000-year-old Gaziantep Castle and UNESCO World Heritage Site of Diyarbakir Fortress. It was one of the worst natural disasters Türkiye has ever experienced. 

The damage from the earthquake roughly covers an area the size of Germany in Türkiye’s southwest region, from Hatay to Şanlıurfa. Today, many areas remain designated as no-go zones, as the situation on the ground is still unstable and potentially dangerous. It's worth noting, however, that the disaster zone makes up only a fraction of Türkiye's overall land mass, meaning most of the country is safe to travel in.

As travelers attempt to navigate their way back to Türkiye and plan future trips (or reschedule canceled ones), many are wondering what tourism currently looks like, and how it has changed. One question often looms over foreigners when considering a destination that has recently experienced a major disaster: Is it more responsible to stay away or to return? Many wonder if there be any ongoing danger, or if visitors are a burden on hosts as the country is trying to recover. 

I live in Istanbul , 600 miles from the epicenter, and have for the past four years. Many are quick to point out that tourist dollars can help, but if Türkiye has taught me anything in my time here, it’s that there’s much more to being a good visitor. I canvassed people across the country for suggestions and insight, both for practical tips and the current thoughts on welcoming visitors. Türkiye is, after all, known for its hospitality—and now is the time for those visiting to return the sentiment. Here’s how. 

The seaside resort town of Bodrum is once again bustling with boats full of international visitors and Turkish travelers. 

Where you can currently visit

For those affected, the grieving process will continue indefinitely. But the need for life to continue, for a sense of normalcy to return and for the economic wheel to turn again, is nudging Türkiye into its next chapter. 

In most parts of the country, life—and tourism—has resumed. Flights are operating at their regular schedules, both flying into Türkiye from abroad and within it. On the Mediterranean coast , the annual signs of impending peak-season—warm orange blossom-scented breezes, chockablock with sun loungers lining the shore, vendors hawking iced raw almonds—are sweeping in. Boats are mooring in the international seaside resort town of Bodrum , which expects to see its annual 1.5 million visitors return again this year. In Fethiye , people are back to paragliding off the Babadağ mountain peaks, one of the most popular spots in the world for the sport.  

“With the approaching summer season, the tourism sector is gaining momentum,” Özlem Gökşin, the director of sales at  D Maris Bay  on the Datca Peninsula and D-Hotels & Resorts. “As a nation, we like to host guests; our door is always open to people who want to visit our country. We think that the tourists who visit now are supportive in the healing process.”

More than 200 miles north, the ancient seaside towns of Alaçatı and Foça have been a favorite Turkish holiday getaway. Many Turkish families have summer homes here and have come every year for generations. To go there in a time like this is a balm.

Nearby on the island of Bozcaada, the annual  Bozcaada Jazz Festival will continue. “Even though we are going through an incredibly difficult time, our ability to come together will bring us closer to recovery,” says Gizem Gezenoğlu, the festival’s director. “Music, festivals, art, and creative encounters are all powerful healers.” The annual festival brings together international jazz musicians along with cultural talks and wine tastings in September. 

And more than 600 miles from the epicenter, Istanbul is thrumming: The long-awaited  Museum of Modern Art has just opened after a five-year wait, along with the  Peninsula Hotel . “Not a leaf was moving this spring, as we say in Turkish, but now the tourism flow is back to normal,” says  Liz Kurumlu , an expert travel guide and translator who hosts trips in  Istanbul and across the country. “It seems that people are also staying longer than before, adding specialized trips like food tours or hiking in Cappadocia on to their Istanbul itinerary,” she adds.  

In Cappadocia, Mehmet Halis Aydogan, the CEO of Cappadocia Voyager Balloons, says that many people postponed their trips after the earthquake, but bookings are rising back to normal levels this summer. “After the earthquake Türkiye saw that everybody in the world was with us in solidarity. We still feel this support and so I think tourists are very respectful of our recovery from the earthquake,” he says, adding that May and June are the best months for taking a hot air balloon over Cappadocia. 

Cautious travelers can also choose destinations that are farther away from major fault lines, like Antalya on the coast, Cappadocia and Konya in central Anatolia, or the ancient verdant mountain town of Trabzon on the Black Sea with the recently restored Sumela Monastery. Even cities like Mardin, which is in closer proximity to the earthquake zone, doesn’t sit on a major faultline and was unaffected by February’s earthquake. 

Being a good guest

Every person in Türkiye is carrying their own grief. “People are stuck in this cesspool of ‘Is it ok to laugh? Have fun?’ Some are and do, while others are drowning in the darkness of all that has happened,” says Arwa Damon, a journalist and the president and founder of the nonprofit aid network INARA . Many have lost something, whether it’s a loved one, their home, or a feeling of safety and normalcy. While visiting Türkiye during this time is welcomed, it’s important to be an informed and compassionate guest. Wherever you visit, be kind and patient with people. 

“There are internally displaced people, and people who either have ancestry or friends and relatives from the earthquake affected zones, and many people working in the tourism sector and hotels or restaurants who may have lost people in the earthquake,” Cihan Tutluoglu, the co-owner of  Anemos Hotel , points out. 

“There’s not a single person in Türkiye who has not been affected by the earthquake directly or indirectly, Kurumlu says. “Many displaced families who lost their homes have moved to Istanbul, so visitors will encounter earthquake survivors here and other places in Türkiye.” She emphasizes that it’s generally okay to broach the topic of the earthquake–sensitively, of course. “I think most people want to share their experience; to talk about what happened and how they were affected. This is part of the healing process too.” 

Cities like Istanbul (whose Blue Mosque is pictured here) are completely open to tourism, but visitors should be mindful that many survivors have relocated to the metropolis—grieving is a nationwide process. 

"If they meet and chat with an earthquake survivor, it will make them happy even if they wish to get well soon,” Gökşin of D Maris Bay, says. The Turkish phrase “geçmiş olsun” (pronounced getch-mish ol-soon) means the equivalent of "get well soon” or “I hope your difficulties will pass.” It's a kind way to express sympathy to someone. 

Türkiye has 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and each offers a different lens into the country’s history and culture. Gezenoğlu emphasized that learning about the local history and culture can make people feel that the world cares about them. “If people have the opportunity to visit any of [those heritage sites], they may become more connected with Türkiye and the wider region. Such connections and bonds are much-needed right now.”

And still, as many people have lost work and much more, economic support is needed. Supporting local businesses is an easy way visitors can help people rebuild their lives and communities. “The tourism industry directly employs millions of people, not to mention the shops, restaurants, and bazaars that rely on tourism to keep open. Coming to visit Türkiye is exactly what the country needs right now,” Damon says.

Ways to help

Hotels, restaurants, and other hospitality groups have been offering relief to earthquake regions and survivors through partnerships and their own initiatives. The five-star Istanbul hotel  Çırağan Palace Kempinski has sent truckloads of emergency disaster supplies like generators, wheelchairs, and baby food to the earthquake zone and is running a humanitarian aid campaign through the end of this year. The chefs from Istanbul’s  Ema Bakery ,  Basta! Neo Bistro , and two-Michelin starred  Turk Fatih Tutak traveled to the region and set up emergency kitchens to feed people. 

Small local businesses and organizations are also pitching in with their own initiatives, so keep an eye out for places that are supporting earthquake recovery efforts and direct your spending there. “Many artists donated their concert earnings to the region, while others organized donation events and established large art funds,” Gezenoğlu says. "As cultural professionals, it is our responsibility to bring long-term and lasting initiatives to the region through the healing power of art.”

Salt Galata , a modern art museum in Istanbul, recently held a benefit exhibit with more than 200 works donated by artists and galleries and directed the proceeds to education for school-age children in the earthquake zone. Kurumlu points out places like  Postane , a culture center that focused on social and environmental impact, easily fit into traveler’s itineraries for a variety of reasons: “You can go to Postane’s roof, have your coffee with a fantastic view, buy a souvenir from their responsibly sourced gift shop, and a percentage of their proceeds goes to the earthquake recovery.”

If you’re not visiting Türkiye, there are reliable organizations you can donate to like  INARA , which relies on donations to provide targeted essential aid and mental health relief to children and families impacted by the earthquake in both Türkiye and Syria. International nonprofits like the US-based  Turkish Philanthropy Funds and  Relief International are still accepting donations. There are also local grassroot cooperatives like  Topraktan Taba ğ a , a chef-run pop-up kitchen where you can select food items that get delivered directly to them through their online shop.  

Cherish the sites you visit

People come to Türkiye for many reasons—the hospitality, the food, the beauty, the culture, but they tend to leave with one thing sticking in their mind: the history. Travel through Türkiye and it’s easy to see that it’s a land that reads as a history book; whether it’s the 10,000-year-old megaliths in Göbekli Tepe (the world’s oldest), the Hellenistic temple-tombs on top of Mount Nemrut, Cappadocia’s subterranean cave cities, the ancient ruins of Ephesus, or the Hagia Sophia. 

But these sites also serve as a testament to impermanence: the February 6 earthquake will leave a notch on Türkiye's long timeline. It took down some of the country's most historic buildings, destroyed millions of lives, and collapsed entire cities, like Antakya—the ancient city of Antioch and one of Türkiye's culinary capitals before the earthquake. The underlying message of these things is always that you should see the world while you can, be a good guest in the places you visit, and to witness history with open eyes and honor those who have–or are currently–living it. 

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Turkey's earthquake is a warning for Istanbul, which would face even more deaths from a quake

City has 15 million people and thousands of buildings that aren't ready.

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The high death toll from the massive earthquake in southeastern Turkey and northern Syria is in large part a result of the poor structural integrity of thousands of buildings, experts say.

This is why Istanbul, a city of 15 million people which geologists predict will eventually get hit by a strong quake, could see tens of thousands of deaths unless action is taken on the thousands of buildings in the city that aren't earthquake proof or resistant.

"What we see today in [southeastern] Turkey is just a preview of what will happen in Istanbul," said, Ihsan Engin Bal,  a professor of the Research Group on Earthquake Resistant Structures at the Hanze University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands.

"I'm not saying what may happen. I say what will happen. What will happen in Istanbul is way bigger than this. Way bigger."

While efforts have been made to modernize building codes and protect against tremors, researchers say there is a vast challenge getting older buildings safe enough to withstand a quake.

Near major fault line

More than 17,000 people have been killed by the 7.8-magnitude tremor that hit earlier this week about 26 km east of the Turkish city of Nurdagi at a depth of about 18 km on the East Anatolian Fault.

Turkey lies on two major fault systems, the North Anatolian Fault and East Anatolian Fault, making it the country in that area with the highest risk to be affected by a quake. Earthquake researchers predict that an earthquake of magnitude 7.0 or stronger is very likely to strike Istanbul, which is close to the North Anatolian Fault, within the next 70 years.

"If that that happens, we're talking hundreds of thousands [of fatalities] potentially because of the population of Istanbul. And those buildings are not ready," said Joanna Faure Walker, a professor of earthquake geology and disaster risk reduction at University College London's Institute for Risk & Disaster Reduction.

"That is definitely somewhere where the [geological] community is worried about because the earthquakes are progressing along that fault and because the buildings in Istanbul are not designed to be seismic resistant."

Estimates vary as to potential losses of life if an earthquake struck Istanbul. The municipality of Istanbul conducted its own study estimating that 14,500 people will die if a magnitude 7.5 earthquake happens at night. One study by a group of European researchers projected 30,000 to 40,000 would be killed.

But Bal believes those estimates are low, with his own study estimating 47,000 buildings would be destroyed, with the possibility of 150,000 people killed.

Appear to be extremely vulnerable

The problems in Istanbul are the same problems that have come to light in this most recent earthquake — many of the buildings in Turkey appear to be extremely vulnerable.

Just from her initial observations of the damage, Faure Walker said the destroyed buildings she sees in pictures and video seem to lack basic earthquake-resistant structures, like reinforced concrete or column bracing.

Another problem, she said, is the issue of "pancaking,"   where essentially the inside of the building collapses, a sign that the internal floors and structures aren't connected strongly enough to the outer wall.

"If it's in the middle of a night, it's very hard for people to escape because when a building collapses in that way, there's very little gaps, so essentially someone is crushed."

Jerome Hajjar, a professor and department chair of the department of civil and environmental engineering at Northeastern University in Boston said it's likely that a good number of the structures may have only lightly reinforced concrete or masonry.  

"And those types of structures are known to have vulnerabilities for major earthquakes," he said.

Many homes in Turkey were built in the 1970s, '80s and '90s, before international standards for earthquake-proof buildings were established, Bal said.

Not clear if new rules are working

But the magnitude 7.4 earthquake that struck the western city of Izmit in 1999, killing more than 17,000 people, led to a new set of regulations and a stricter seismic code in Turkey, he said.

"After the year 2000 I can't claim that it was still ideal, but it was way, way better than before," Bal said.

However, he said that from viewing videos and pictures from the recent earthquakes, "buildings that were built, just a year ago or less also collapsed. That is not supposed to happen" 

"If those buildings were built according to the most recent seismic regulations, even under these large earthquakes, they are supposed receive some severe damage, but still stand, not collapse.

"So that was surprising to me. Which tells me that in that region, or maybe in all Turkey, those regulations and controls are loosened again."

Rescuers in Turkey race to save remaining earthquake survivors

Walker said an investigation certainly needs to be conducted to see how many modern buildings were destroyed.

"Is it that the codes aren't strict enough or is it the people aren't complying with the codes? And if they're not complying with the codes, is that because lack of enforcement, is it because of lack of funds?"

Still, according to Bal, the majority of buildings that collapsed in this earthquake were ones built before the 2000 regulations came. So what can be done with those structures?

Retrofitting those buildings to meet the seismic codes is certainly a possibility. But there are thousands of those buildings; it would be incredibly costly and many of those buildings are generally in poor shape, Bal said.

"And it just doesn't make sense to to spend huge amounts of money to retrofit such an awful quality building."

Instead, there need to be some incentives to get people to rebuild or move somewhere into safer structures, he said.

"The number of buildings in that category is huge. Resources in terms of time, people and money will not be enough to do it in a short time. Plus, it requires very good planning and incentives that can run for several decades," Bal said.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Senior Reporter

Mark Gollom is a Toronto-based reporter with CBC News. He covers Canadian and U.S. politics and current affairs.

With files from Reuters

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Turkey earthquake: Are flights and holidays cancelled?

As a 7.8 magnitude earthquake hits southeast turkey, how might travel to the country be impacted, article bookmarked.

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A 7.8 magnitude earthquake has struck an area of southeast Turkey , with tourists urged by the Foreign Office (FCDO) to “avoid the immediate vicinity” of the incident.

The FCDO updated its advice to UK travellers at 3am on Monday 6 February, following the tragic incident in the early hours.

The initial 7.8 earthquake struck the southeastern city of Gaziantep at 4.17am local time. Turkey’s emergency authorities have since reported a second, 7.5 magnitude earthquake in a different southeast location at 1.24pm local time.

At the time of writing, the combined death toll of the incident in Syria and Turkey stands at more than 9,400 .

Are holidays to Turkey in the coming weeks affected, and are airlines still operating flights?

Here’s everything you need to know.

Which parts of Turkey are affected?

The city of Gaziantep and its surrounding provinces were hardest hit by the initial earthquake. The first quake was felt at 4.17am local time on Monday, with one resident telling CNN that “it felt like it would never be over”.

The city is in the southeast of the country, close to the Syrian border and a sizeable distance from Turkey’s tourism hubs. It lies 823km east of the southern port of Antalya and 1,139km southeast of the port of Istanbul.

The 7.8 magnitude quake is the strongest to hit Turkey in more than eight decades; the country saw a 7.6 magnitude earthquake in August 1999, but the last recorded 7.8 incident was in December 1939.

One concern for tourists or visitors to the area is aftershocks, which have been felt since the initial quake.

Later on Monday, Turkey’s AFAP emergency authority reported a second quake in the town of Ekinozu, this time at a magnitude of 7.5. The town is 842km east of Antalya, and 196km north of Gaziantep.

Local emergency services are still working to rescue locals from the rubble.

Tremors from the initial quake were felt as far away as Cyprus (415km from Gaziantep), Lebanon and Israel.

Holidaymaker Julia Miernik tweeted : “What just happened? 3.20am and my whole hotel is floating, bed is shaking on the ground and everybody is screaming. Then I see the news in #Turkey First day on my holidays and #earthquake?” She later told followers she was staying in Larnaca, Cyprus.

The ancient historic site of Gaziantep Castle (circa 656 AD), has also been badly damaged by the shock.

Have airlines cancelled flights to Turkey?

At present, no airlines serving the UK have announced cancellations to their flights in relation to the natural disaster.

However, Turkey’s Adana Airport has been closed until further notice, the Demiroren news agency reported.

Under normal circumstances, no direct flights operate between the UK and Adana, which is 220km west of Gazientep, though it is served by domestic flights from tourism hubs Istanbul and Bodrum.

Crisis24 reported that Gazientep Airport, Hatay Airport and the seaport of Ceyhan have also been closed and operations suspended in the wake of the natural disaster.

“Currently, only planes carrying aid and rescue teams are allowed to land and take off from the two airports,” reported Turkey-based publication the Daily Sabah . “Hatay Airport, whose runway was damaged because of the earthquake, was closed for all flights.”

Are Turkey holidays affected?

Hugh Fraser, the founder of Turkey specialist Corinthian Travel, told The Independent : “Southeastern Turkey and the area around Gaziantep have many spectacular attractions, and are noted for their regional cuisine, but has traditionally been the preserve of the second or third-time cultural visitors to Turkey.

“The earthquake is a human tragedy but is unlikely to have much impact on Turkey’s major centres of tourism: Istanbul, Cappadocia, and the Aegean Coast – all of which are located hundreds of miles away to the west.”

The Independent has contacted other airlines and tour operators serving Turkey for further comment.

What has the Foreign Office said?

An update to the FCDO’s Turkey page in the early hours of Monday reads: “A 7.8 earthquake hit Gaziantep and neighbouring provinces in the south east of Turkey on 6 February 2023.

“There have been several strong after-shocks. You should avoid the immediate vicinity and follow the advice of the local authorities.”

It advises all but essential travel to “areas within 10km of the border with Syria”.

British travellers currently in Turkey near the site of the quakes have been urged to contact family and friends .

“If you are in Turkey or planning to travel there you should follow the information and advice from local authorities/your tour operator,” reads the updated FCDO guidance.

“If you’re in the Gaziantep, Kahramanmaras or neighbouring provinces and it is safe to do so, contact your friends and family to tell them you are safe.”

British travellers in Turkey in need of urgent help have been advised to call +90 312 455 3344.

Those in the UK concerned about relatives or friends in Turkey should call the FCDO in London on 020 7008 5000.

In its general advice on Turkey, the FCDO says: “Many parts of Turkey are subject to earthquakes. You should familiarise yourself with safety procedures in the event of an earthquake and follow the advice of the local authorities.”

Prime minister Rishi Sunak said: “My thoughts are with the people of Türkiye and Syria this morning, particularly with those first responders working so valiantly to save those trapped by the earthquake. The UK stands ready to help in whatever way we can.”

There have been 18 earthquakes in the country since the year 2000.

What have the Turkish authorities said?

Turkey’s president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, said there had been “heavy destruction” in cities in the area, reporting that nearly 3,000 buildings had been destroyed.

“We hope that we will overcome this disaster together as soon as possible,” said Mr Erdoğan in a televised address.

The Independent has approached Turkey’s tourism board for comment.

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Is Türkiye safe to travel to right now? Here's the latest advice for Australians

As türkiye continues to reel from the effects of shocking earthquakes that devastated the country's south, here's the latest advice for australian travellers on whether it's safe to travel there..

One month has passed since Türkiye was devastated by enormous earthquakes. Source: Getty

• Australian travellers are being urged to exercise a "high degree of caution" when travelling to Türkiye.
• Türkiye was rocked by a 7.8 magnitude earthquake a month ago, destroying 10 provinces in the south.
• Here is the latest advice as to where you can and cannot go, and whether it's appropriate to travel to Türkiye.

The three reasons why the Turkey-Syria earthquake was so devastating

Can I travel to Türkiye?

Turkey or Türkiye? Why the country changed its official name

Are there flights available?

Is it appropriate to holiday in türkiye now.

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Latest update

Exercise a high degree of caution in Türkiye overall due to the threat of terrorism.

Higher levels apply.

Turkiye (PDF 895.52 KB)

Europe (PDF 2.62 MB)

Local emergency contacts

Fire and rescue services, medical emergencies.

Call 112 or go to the nearest hospital.

In major cities, call 155. English speaking officers aren't always available.

In rural areas, call Jandarma on 156. English speaking officers are rarely available.

English-speaking officers may be available in police departments at:

In Istanbul, call the dedicated Tourist Police unit on (+90) 212 527 4503.

Advice levels

Exercise a high degree of caution in Türkiye overall.

Exercise a high degree of caution in Türkiye overall due to the threat of terrorism.

See Safety .

Do not travel to within 10km of the border with Syria.

Do not travel  to within 10km of the border with Syria due to serious threat of terrorism, violence and acts of war in this area. 

Reconsider your need to travel to the provinces of Hakkari and Sirnak.

Reconsider your need to travel to the provinces of Hakkari and Sirnak due to the unpredictable security situation.

• There's an ongoing high threat of terrorist attacks in Türkiye. Possible targets include tourist areas, transport networks, shopping malls, hotels, places of worship and diplomatic premises. Be alert to potential threats, especially in locations frequented by foreigners. Avoid crowds, keep a low profile and be aware of your surroundings. Monitor the media for updates and follow the advice of local authorities.
• There's an increased threat of military and terrorist attacks against Israel and Israeli interests across the region, and ongoing military action in the Occupied Palestinian Territories could lead to increased tensions in other locations in the region. Demonstration and protest activity may occur, and localised security situations could deteriorate with little notice. Avoid all demonstrations and protests. 
• Demonstrations and protests can occur and may turn violent. Avoid protests and large public gatherings. Monitor the media and follow the advice of local authorities.
• There is an ongoing risk of earthquakes in parts of Türkiye. Know the dangers of a major earthquake in your area and where your local shelter is.

Full travel advice:   Safety

• Malaria is a risk from May to October in Amikova, Çukurova Plain and the southeast. Consider taking anti-malarial medication. Other insect-borne diseases include leishmaniasis and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. Ensure your accommodation is insect-proof. Use insect repellent.
• Foodborne, waterborne and other infectious diseases include tuberculosis, typhoid, hepatitis, measles and rabies. Drink only boiled or bottled water. Avoid raw or undercooked foods.
• Toxic substances, including methanol, could be mixed into alcoholic drinks. Drink only at reputable venues. Avoid homemade alcohol. Get medical help straight away if you suspect poisoning.

Full travel advice: Health

• Don't use or carry illegal drugs. Penalties for drug offences are severe and include long prison sentences.
• By law, you must always carry a photo ID. You should carry your passport or identity document with you at all times. 
• It's illegal to 'insult' Türkiye, the Turkish flag, the President or government, and the country's founder, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Don't make insulting comments, including on social media.
• It's illegal to photograph military sites.
• Many parts of Türkiye have conservative dress and behaviour standards. Dress modestly, particularly at mosques and shrines. Respect religious and social traditions. Avoid public displays of affection.

Full travel advice: Local laws

You'll need an e-visa for tourism or business if you're staying for less than 90 days in a 180-day period.

• If you're travelling to Türkiye for medical services, you should apply for a medical visa through the  HealthTürkiye  online portal.
• Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. Contact the nearest embassy or consulate of Türkiye for the latest details.

Full travel advice:   Travel

Local contacts

• The  Consular Services Charter  details what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.
• For consular help, contact the  Australian Embassy in Ankara , the Australian Consulate in Istanbul, or the Australian Consulate in Canakkale.
• To stay up to date with local information, follow the embassy’s social media accounts.

Full travel advice: Local contacts

Full advice

There's an ongoing high threat of terrorist attacks in Türkiye.

Most terrorist attacks have taken place in the southeast of the country, Ankara or Istanbul. 

Attacks could occur anywhere and at any time, including in places visited by foreigners. Possible targets include:

• tourist sites
• public transport and transport hubs
• markets/shopping malls
• government facilities
• diplomatic premises
• hotels, clubs, restaurants
• places of worship
• courts and the judiciary
• political parties
• major sporting and cultural events
• educational institutions

Terrorists have also previously targeted Western interests and places associated with the Turkish security forces, such as military barracks and police vehicles.

Previous methods of attack have included armed assaults, suicide bombings, car bombings, rocket attacks, arson, and improvised explosive devices left in garbage bins, crowded areas, shops, and public transport.

To protect yourself:

• be alert to threats, especially in public places and around significant dates
• keep a low profile and be aware of your surroundings
• report suspicious activity or items to the police
• monitor the media for new and emerging threats
• take official warnings seriously
• follow the advice of local authorities

If there is an attack, leave the affected area immediately if it's safe to do so.

If you plan to travel to Türkiye to commemorate Anzac Day, understand the risks and plan ahead. Read our ' Travel overseas for Anzac Day' page for further information on attending the event.

Border regions

The threat of terrorist attacks, violence and acts of war is high along the borders with Syria and Iraq. In the past, rockets have been fired from Syria and Iraq into Turkish territory.

South-eastern provinces

The south-eastern and eastern provinces see occasional clashes, particularly between the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) terrorist group and Turkish security forces.

Attacks by the PKK on government institutions, infrastructure and other sites have affected civilians.

More information:

Kidnapping occurs across the world with political, ideological and criminal motives. Foreigners, including Australians, have been kidnapped overseas while travelling. Kidnaps can happen anywhere, anytime, including in destinations that are typically at lower risk.  

Terrorist groups operating in Syria and Iraq kidnap and murder westerners. These groups may extend their operations into Türkiye.

The Australian Government's longstanding policy is that it doesn't make payments or concessions to kidnappers. 

More information:  

• Kidnapping  

Civil unrest and political tension

The security situation in the region remains unpredictable and could deteriorate with little or no warning.

Demonstrations and protests

Demonstrations occur regularly in major cities in response to:

• domestic events
• international events
• political developments

Events in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories have led to heightened tensions in the region. Large demonstrations have happened outside diplomatic missions connected to the conflict in major cities, particularly Israeli diplomatic missions in Ankara and Istanbul. 

There are nearly 4 million Syrian and other refugees in Türkiye. Anti-refugee sentiment can be a source of tension and occasionally violence. 

Demonstrations can happen without warning. 

Extremists have targeted political protests.

Peaceful events can turn violent.

Protests in Istanbul have centred around:

• Taksim Square
• Istiklal Street
• streets surrounding Istiklal as far as the Galata Tower and down to Karakoy
• Okmeydani on the European side
• Kadikoy on the Asian side

Protests in Ankara often centre around the Kizilay and Tunali areas. They have targeted diplomatic missions.

Protests also happen in other districts of Istanbul and Ankara and other cities and towns, including:

May Day rallies on 1 May can become violent, particularly in Ankara and Istanbul.

Mass rallies often occur during the Persian New Year, 20 - 21 March.

Police break up crowds using the following:

• water cannons
• plastic bullets

Tear gas can spread to surrounding areas.

Local authorities can ban events such as public gatherings, celebrations, demonstrations and protests without much warning. 

They may also impose or extend curfews without warning.

To stay safe during periods of unrest:

• avoid political gatherings, protests and demonstrations
• obey curfews
• monitor the media and other sources
• be alert around key dates, such as 20 to 21 March and 1 May 
• plan your activities to avoid possible unrest on significant dates

Be prepared to change your travel plans. Contact your airline, travel agent or insurer for help if there are transport disruptions.

• Demonstrations and civil unrest

Theft and assault

Common crimes include:

• pickpocketing
• bag snatching

Crime is especially common in the tourist areas of Istanbul, including:

• Sultanahmet
• the Grand Bazaar
• the Spice Bazaar

To stay safe, monitor local sources for information on crime and:

• pay close attention to your personal belongings, particularly on public transport and in crowded places
• avoid secluded parks and unlit areas
• avoid ATMs on the street, especially at night
• use ATMs in banks, shops and shopping centres

Drink and food spiking

Foreigners, including Australians, have been drugged by English-speaking strangers who steal their belongings and passports.

Drugs can be present in:

• chewing gum
• confectionery

These drugs can cause you to become disoriented and compliant. You may even become unconscious.

To reduce your risk of food or drink spiking:

• be wary of overly friendly strangers
• don't accept food, drinks, gum or cigarettes from strangers or new acquaintances
• never leave food or drinks unattended

Sexual assault

Women may experience physical and verbal harassment. This is more common in regional and conservative areas.

There's been an increase in violent  sexual assaults against women travelling alone or in small groups. Assaults have happened in popular tourist areas, including Istanbul and coastal resorts like Antalya. The assailant is often a person the victim has just met.

There have been reports of sexual assaults on minors alone in public toilets.

If you're a woman:

• avoid travelling alone, especially after dark
• avoid isolated locations
• be wary of new friends and acquaintances
• stick with people you trust

If a child in your care needs to use a public toilet, go with them.

• Advice for women
• Sexual assault overseas

Scams commonly target travellers.

Friendly English-speaking locals may try to scam you out of thousands of dollars.

Typically, these scammers take you to a bar for food or drinks. You're then presented with an inflated bill, often thousands of dollars, and threatened with violence if you don't pay. These scams are regularly reported, particularly in Istanbul.

Scams involving inflated taxi prices or taxis taking longer routes than needed have also been reported. These are particularly common to and from airports in Istanbul. 

Scams are also common among carpet traders.

To protect yourself from scams:

• insist your taxi driver uses the meter
• pay attention to your surroundings
• be wary of deals where your carpet trader arranges to send you goods by post
• check current scams using  Scamwatch , internet travel blogsand social media sites such as YouTube

Cyber security 

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you're connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or Bluetooth. 

Social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media. 

More information:  

• Cyber security when travelling overseas  

Climate and natural disasters

Türkiye experiences  natural disasters and  severe weather , including:

• earthquakes

If there is a natural disaster or severe weather event:

• secure your passport in a safe, waterproof location
• keep in contact with friends and family
• monitor the media and other sources, such as the  Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System

Bush and forest fires often occur during the summer months, from June to September. Conditions can change quickly. Monitor the local media and follow the advice of local authorities. Read our advice on what to do if you're overseas and  there's a bushfire near you .  

These are most common in heavily forested areas with high temperatures and low rainfall.

Fires have burned close to holiday areas, including:

• the Aegean coast
• the Mediterranean coast
• the Gallipoli peninsula

Earthquakes

Earthquakes are a constant risk in Türkiye. There have been major earthquakes in recent years, including in February 2023, when 2 earthquakes occurred in Kahramanmaras province, close to Gaziantep, causing mass fatalities.

The North Anatolian fault runs 20km south of Istanbul and is one of the world's most active. Know the dangers of a major earthquake in your area and where your local shelter is located.

Large, damaging earthquakes could happen at any time. Aftershocks can continue for days or weeks.

When an earthquake happens, you should drop, cover and hold. If an earthquake is long or strong and you're near the coast or other large body of water, you should go to higher ground immediately.

If you're indoors during an earthquake:

• move no more than a few steps to a heavy, solid object you can get underneath, and hold onto it
• don't try to run outside
• stay indoors until the shaking stops
• stay away from windows, chimneys, and shelves with heavy objects

If you're in bed:

• hold onto the bed and stay where you are
• protect your head and body with a pillow and blankets

If you're outdoors:

• move to the nearest clear spot
• keep away from buildings, trees and power lines
• drop to the ground

If you're in a car:

• drive to a clear place away from buildings, trees and power lines
• stay in the car with your seatbelt on until the shaking stops

If you're in a lift:

• stop at the nearest floor and get out

After the earthquake finishes:

• be aware of possible tsunami risks
• prepare for travel delays
• reconfirm your travel arrangements
• check your accommodation with travel agents and tour operators
• let your family/friends know that you're safe

During a crisis, local authorities are responsible for helping people living or travelling within their jurisdictions.

More information

• Earthquakes and Tsunamis

Severe rainstorms can cause flooding and landslides across Türkiye, hampering overland travel and reducing the provision of essential services. Roads may become impassable, and bridges may be damaged.

Severe drought conditions can affect the water supply to several cities.

Running water may not be available in many places, including hotels.

Tours and adventure activities

Transport and tour operators don't always follow safety and maintenance standards, including adventure activities such as diving and ballooning.

If you plan to do a tour or  adventure activity :

• check if your travel insurance policy covers it
• ask about and insist on minimum safety requirements
• always use available safety gear, such as life jackets or seatbelts
• if proper safety equipment isn't available, use another provider

Travel insurance

Get comprehensive  travel insurance  before you leave.

Your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. The Australian Government won't pay for these costs.

If you can't afford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. This applies to everyone, no matter how healthy and fit you are.

If you're not insured, you may have to pay many thousands of dollars up-front for medical care.

• what activities and care your policy covers
• that your insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away

Physical and mental health

Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition. 

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

• have a basic health check-up
• ask if your travel plans may affect your health
• plan any vaccinations you need

Do this at least 8 weeks before you leave.

If you have immediate concerns for your welfare or the welfare of another Australian call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your  nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate  to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location .

• General health advice
• Healthy holiday tips  (Healthdirect Australia)

Medications

Not all medications available over the counter or by prescription in Australia are available in other countries. Some may even be considered illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor.

If you plan to bring medication, check if it's legal in Türkiye. Take enough legal medication for your trip.

Turkish authorities recommend that you carry a copy of your prescription or a letter from your doctor stating:

• what the medication is
• your required dosage 
• that it's for personal use

For further details you can: 

• check the Turkish Ministry of Trade's Customs Guide
• call their customs call centre on +90 312 444 8 482 or 
• contact the Turkish Embassy in Australia for the latest advice: [email protected]

Health risks

Medical tourism.

Each year, many Australians travel for medical tourism. 

Unfortunately, things don't always go as planned. We're aware of several cases in recent years where Australians have experienced serious complications after their procedures in Türkiye.   

If you're considering medical treatment in Türkiye, you should do your research, including checking whether your insurance will cover you. Before you go, read our advice on  travelling overseas for medical tourism . 

The  HealthTürkiye portal lists the medical providers authorised by the Turkish Ministry of Health. We can't provide recommendations or endorsements for any particular health providers. You should discuss your plans carefully with your Australian doctor, dentist or hospital specialist before committing to any procedure overseas.

• Health Services General Directorate
• Authorised Healthcare Providers 
• International Health Services Call Center  

Insect-borne diseases

Malaria is a risk from May to October in:

• Çukurova Plain
• the south-east

There's no malaria risk in the main tourist areas in the west and southwest of the country.

Other insect-borne diseases occur, including:

• leishmaniasis
• Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF)

CCHF is common in:

• central Anatolia to the north
• east of Ankara

Seasonal summer outbreaks of CCHF have been fatal.

To protect yourself from disease:

• make sure your accommodation is insect-proof
• use insect repellent
• wear long, loose, light-coloured clothing

Consider taking medicine to prevent malaria.

Bird flu (avian influenza)

Human deaths from  bird flu (avian influenza) have occurred in Türkiye.

Talk to your doctor about bird flu during your pre-travel health checks.

Measles cases routinely occur in Türkiye, with the country experiencing increased measles activity. Make sure your vaccinations are up-to-date before you travel.

• Measles Outbreaks 2019 (Department of Health and Aged Care)
• Measles immunisation service (Department of Health and Aged Care)

Other health risks

Waterborne, foodborne, and other infectious diseases occur, including:

• tuberculosis

Serious outbreaks sometimes occur

To protect yourself from illness:

• drink boiled water or bottled water with sealed lids
• avoid ice cubes
• avoid raw and undercooked food, such as salads
• avoid unpasteurised dairy products
• avoid contact with dogs and other mammals

If you're bitten or scratched by an animal, get medical help immediately.

Seek medical advice if you have a fever or are suffering from diarrhoea.

• Infectious diseases

Poisoning from alcoholic drinks

Locals and travellers have reported poisoning from alcoholic drinks. Drinks may be contaminated with harmful substances, including methanol.

Locals and travellers have become seriously ill after drinking contaminated alcohol.

Consider the risks when drinking alcoholic beverages, particularly drinks made with spirits.

Labels on bottles aren't always accurate.

To stay safe:

• drink only at reputable licensed premises
• avoid home-made alcoholic drinks

Symptoms of  methanol poisoning  can be similar to the effects of drinking too much. This includes fatigue, headaches and nausea.

If you suspect that you, or someone you're with, has been poisoned, get urgent medical attention. It could save you from permanent disability or death.

Report suspected cases of methanol poisoning to the police.

• Partying safely

Medical care

The standard of medical facilities in Türkiye varies.

Private hospitals with facilities comparable to those in Australia exist in major cities, but services can be limited outside of major cities.

Private hospitals usually need confirmation of insurance or a guarantee of payment before admitting a patient. Costs can be high.

Decompression chambers are available near popular dive sites and major cities in:

If you become seriously ill or injured, you may be able to receive treatment at a private or teaching hospital in Ankara or Istanbul. However, medical evacuation could be necessary, and it can be very expensive. Ensure your travel insurance covers this.

Australians who reside in Türkiye for more than 12 months may have access to Türkiye's Universal Health Insurance (UHI).

• Republic of Türkiye Social Security Institution  (in Turkish)

You're subject to all local laws and penalties, including those that may appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling.

If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian government will do what it can to help you under our  Consular Services Charter . But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail.

Authorities have detained thousands of people suspected of having links to alleged terrorist groups. Detainees have limited rights.

Authorities may prevent foreigners and dual nationals from departing Türkiye.

Penalties for using or possessing drugs are severe. They include long jail sentences.

• Carrying or using drugs

Hiking Mount Ararat

Mount Ararat, between the eastern provinces of Agri and Igdir, is designated a 'special military zone'. You must hire the services of a locally licensed guide if you intend to hike in the area. A licensed company will obtain the necessary permits and assign you to a registered Mountaineer to accompany you throughout your hike. Visiting Mount Ararat without the Turkish government's permission is an offence that could incur severe penalties.

By law, you must always carry a photo ID. Carry your passport or identity document with you at all times. 

Illegal activities could result in severe penalties including:

• taking photos of military installations
• searching for historical artefacts without authorisation
• defacing or destroying Turkish currency
• failing to comply with Turkish visa conditions or immigration regulations
• supporting terrorist organisations in Türkiye, including expressions of support on social media

It's also illegal to 'insult':

• the Turkish flag
• the Turkish President or Government
• the founder of Türkiye, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

This includes making insulting comments on social media. Penalties can be severe.

Selling or exporting antiquities and cultural artefacts without a permit is also illegal. You'll need a receipt and an official certificate to export these goods legally.

If you're arrested or detained, you may be deported from Türkiye. This may happen after your court hearings or after completing your sentence. You may be deported even if you're not convicted.

If you're arrested, ask the local authorities to tell the nearest Australian embassy or consulate.

Australian laws

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you're overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

• Staying within the law and respecting customs  

Dual citizenship

The Turkish government recognises dual citizenship.

However, Turkish-Australian dual nationals are treated as Turkish citizens in legal matters. If you're a dual citizen, this limits the  consular services  we can give if you're arrested or detained.

If you are a male Turkish-Australian dual national, you could be forced to complete military service when you arrive.

Check your obligations with an  embassy or consulate  of Türkiye before you travel.

• Dual nationals

Local customs

Standards of dress and behaviour are conservative in many parts of Türkiye. Some regions are more conservative than others.

Avoid offending locals by respecting religious and social traditions.

Dress modestly, particularly at mosques and religious shrines.

If in doubt, seek local advice.

The Islamic holiday month of  Ramadan  is observed in Türkiye. Respect religious and cultural customs and laws at this time.

During Ramadan, eating, drinking and smoking in public during the day may not be culturally appropriate in some areas. If you're not fasting, avoid these activities around people who are. 

Some areas are more tolerant of travellers and locals who don't fast. Seek local advice to avoid offence.

Explore our  Ramadan  page to learn more, including dates for Ramadan.

LGBTQIA+ information

Same-sex relationships are legal but aren't widely accepted in Turkish society.

LGBTQIA+ events and gatherings may be subject to local government bans.

Avoid public displays of affection.

• Advice for LGBTQIA+ t ravellers

Visas and border measures

Every country or territory decides who can enter or leave through its borders. For specific information about the evidence you'll need to enter a foreign destination, check with the nearest embassy, consulate or immigration department of the destination you're entering. 

Use the official Turkish government site to  apply for an e-visa online.

Numerous fake and unauthorised websites exist. They may take your money without providing a visa or charge you for information on e-visas that you can get for free on the official website or through the Turkish Embassy in Canberra.

Apply for a medical visa through the  HealthTürkiye online portal if you're travelling to Türkiye to seek medical services (see 'Health').

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document.

If you're not eligible for an e-visa, you'll need to arrange a visa through an  embassy or consulate  of Türkiye before you arrive. If you don't, authorities may refuse entry.

If you're a tourist and arrive by sea, visiting the surrounding areas for up to 72 hours without a visa might be possible. Check your visa requirements with your travel operator or local authorities at the port of entry, and make sure you get entry and exit stamps in your passport. 

If you don't abide by your visa or permit terms, you may be fined, deported and banned from re-entering Türkiye.

Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. Contact the  nearest embassy or consulate for details about visas, currency, customs and quarantine rules.

• Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Turkish Ministry of Tourism and Culture information on COVID-19

Border Crossings

All border crossings from Syria are currently closed.

Crossing the border to or from Iraq is difficult. Military activity in the region is ongoing. The Turkish Government tightly controls entry and exit.

Other formalities

If you enter or leave Türkiye by land or sea borders, make sure immigration authorities process you correctly. This applies even for a short trip, such as visiting the Greek Islands.

Make sure your passport is stamped for every exit and arrival. If you don't, you could face difficulties when departing, including:

• possible fines
• future travel bans
• deportation

Travel with children

If you're  travelling with a child aged under 18 years, you may need to provide proof that you're the legal parent or guardian. Check with the  embassy or consulate of Türkiye before you travel.

Some countries won't let you enter unless your passport is valid for 6 months after you plan to leave that country. This can apply even if you are just transiting or stopping over.

Some foreign governments and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. Travellers can receive conflicting advice from different sources.

You can end up stranded if your passport is not valid for more than 6 months.

The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport's expiry date before you travel. If you're not sure it will be valid long enough, consider getting  a new passport .

Lost or stolen passport

Your passport is a valuable document. It's attractive to people who may try to use your identity to commit crimes.

Some people may try to trick you into giving them your passport. Always keep it in a safe place.

If your passport is lost or stolen, tell the Australian Government as soon as possible:

• In Australia, contact the  Australian Passport Information Service .
• If you're overseas, contact the nearest  Australian embassy or consulate .

Passport with 'X' gender identifier 

Although Australian passports comply with international standards for sex and gender, we can't guarantee that a passport showing an 'X' in the sex field will be accepted for entry or transit by another country. Contact the nearest  embassy, high commission or consulate of your destination before you arrive at the border to confirm if authorities will accept passports with 'X' gender markers. 

• LGBTQIA+ travellers  

The local currency in Türkiye is the Lira (TRY).

Most services accept credit cards, but carry a small amount of cash just in case.

EFTPOS and ATMs are widely available.

Local travel

Anzac cove and gallipoli historical site.

The weather can change suddenly in the Gallipoli region.

Winter storms and heavy traffic seriously affect many coastal roads around Gallipoli, including roads in the Gallipoli Historical Site.

• be prepared for a range of weather conditions
• obey safety signs and directions
• don't wander off marked roads and tracks
• don't separate from your tour group

More information: 

• Travel overseas for Anzac Day

Driving permit

You can drive in Türkiye for up to 6 months if you have a valid Australian driver's licence (digital driver's licences may not be accepted).

You must get a Turkish driver's licence if you plan to drive for longer than 6 months after your arrival in Türkiye.

• Turkish Security Directorate (Turkish)

Road travel

Travelling at night on country roads can be hazardous due to poor lighting and local driving practices.

Drink-driving carries a minimum penalty of:

• an on-the-spot fine
• confiscation of your driver's licence

Get to know the local road rules and practices.

Check if your travel insurance will cover you before driving.

In the event of a car accident:

• For accidents with only vehicular damage, exchange insurance information, take photos of the accident before moving the vehicles, and depart if both sides agree. Turkish law requires drivers to fill out a Turkish-only form and provide pictures of the damage. Non-Turkish speakers should call and wait for the police.
• For accidents involving an injury or a disagreement, remain at the site of the accident. Do not move the vehicle – even out of the way – until the Traffic Police arrive. Report the accident to the Traffic Police or Jandarma by dialling 112). Get a certified copy of the official report from the Traffic Police office (this can take several days).
• Driving or riding

Motorcycles

Avoid using motorcycles due to the poor standard of driving.

Check whether your travel insurance policy covers you for riding a motorbike, quad bike or similar vehicle.

Always wear a helmet.

Use only licensed taxis or reputable limousine services. Arrange these through your hotel.

Taxis in major cities are generally professional, metered and charge according to set rates.

Insist your taxi driver uses the meter.

In rural areas and small towns, you may need to negotiate rates.

Public transport

Türkiye has an extensive inter-city bus and train network. 

• Transport and getting around safely

International and domestic flights fly out of the new Istanbul Airport instead of Ataturk Airport.

Turkish airports and commercial aircraft have been the subject of terrorist attacks (see  Safety).

Enhanced security measures are in place at major airports.

Airports are often crowded, and security checks can cause delays.

DFAT doesn't provide information on the safety of individual commercial airlines or flight paths.

Check Türkiye's air safety profile with the Aviation Safety Network.

Emergencies

Depending on what you need, contact your:

• family and friends
• travel agent
• insurance provider

Always get a police report when reporting a crime.

Your insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.

Consular contacts

Read the  Consular Services Charter  for what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.

For  consular assistance in Türkiye , contact the:

• Australian Embassy in Ankara
• Australian Consulate-General in Istanbul
• Australian Consulate in Çanakkale

You'll need to make an appointment in advance.

Australian Embassy, Ankara

88 Uğur Mumcu Caddesi  Gaziosmanpaşa Ankara  Phone: +90 312 459 9500  Website:  turkey.embassy.gov.au Email:  [email protected] Facebook: Australia in Türkiye X: @AusAmbTürkiye

Check the Embassy website for details about opening hours and any temporary closures.

Australian Consulate-General, Istanbul

Süzer Plaza (Ritz Carlton Hotel), Askerocaĝı Caddesi No. 15, Elmadağ Istanbul

Phone: +90 212 393 3300 Email:  [email protected]

Australian Consulate, Çanakkale

Kolin Hotel  Kepez 17100 Çanakkale

Phone: (+90 286) 218 1721  Email:  [email protected]

24-hour Consular Emergency Centre

In a consular emergency, if you can't contact an embassy, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on:

• +61 2 6261 3305 from overseas
• 1300 555 135 in Australia

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Turkey Travel Advisory

Travel advisory july 26, 2023, turkey - level 2: exercise increased caution.

Reissued with obsolete COVID-19 page links removed.

Exercise increased caution when traveling to Turkey due to terrorism and arbitrary detentions. Some areas have increased risk. Read the entire Travel Advisory.

Do Not Travel To:

• Sirnak province, Hakkari province, and any area within six miles (10 kilometers) of the Syrian border due to terrorism.

Country Summary:  Terrorist groups continue plotting possible attacks in Turkey.  Terrorists may attack with little or no warning, targeting tourist locations, transportation hubs, markets/shopping malls, local government facilities, hotels, clubs, restaurants, places of worship, parks, major sporting and cultural events, educational institutions, airports, and other public areas.

Security forces have detained tens of thousands of individuals, including U.S. citizens, for alleged affiliations with terrorist organizations based on scant or secret evidence and grounds that appear to be politically motivated.  U.S. citizens have also been subject to travel bans that prevent them from departing Turkey. Participation in demonstrations not explicitly approved by the Government of Turkey, as well as criticism of the government (including on social media), can result in arrest.

Read the  country information page  for additional information on travel to Turkey.

If you decide to travel to Turkey:

• Stay alert in locations frequented by tourists.
• Avoid demonstrations and crowds.
• Stay at hotels with identifiable security measures.
• Monitor local media and be prepared to adjust your plans quickly.
• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program  ( STEP ) to receive travel alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and  Twitter .
• Review the  Country Security Report for Turkey.
• Visit the CDC page for the latest  Travel Health Information  related to your travel. 
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .

Sirnak Province, Hakkari Province, and Any Area within six miles (ten kilometers) of the Syrian Border – Level 4:  Do Not Travel

Do not travel to Sirnak province, Hakkari province, or any area within six miles (10 kilometers) of the Turkey/Syria border due to the continued threat of attacks by terrorist groups, armed conflict, and civil unrest.  Terrorist attacks, including suicide bombings, ambushes, car bomb detonations, and improvised explosive devices, as well as shootings, and illegal roadblocks leading to violence have occurred in these areas. U.S. government employees are subject to travel restrictions in the entire provinces of Sirnak and Hakkari, and any areas within 10 km of the Syrian border.

Visit our website for  Travel to High-Risk Areas .

Travel Advisory Levels

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Are flights to Turkey cancelled? How the earthquakes impact travel and latest advice

Two earthquakes hit south-eastern turkey on monday - here's what uk holidaymakers should know about travel to the country.

Britons have been warned to avoid the south-eastern region of Turkey after a 7.8 magnitude earthquake hit the Turkish city of Gaziantep on Monday morning.

The Foreign Office issued an update to its advice in which it advises travellers to “avoid the immediate vicinity and follow the advice of the local authorities”.

There have been strong aftershocks following the earthquake early on Monday, which was felt across Turkey as well as in Cyprus, Lebanon, Israel, Syria and Egypt.

More than 2,000 people have been killed in Turkey and Syria, and there are collapsed buildings in cities on both sides of the Turkey–Syria border.

A second earthquake that measured 7.6 on the Richter scale was recorded in Turkey’s south-eastern region of Kahramanmaras at 1.24pm local time on Monday.

Here’s what you need to know if you are planning to travel to Turkey.

Which areas of Turkey are affected?

The first earthquake hit the city of south-eastern city of Gaziantep and nine other Turkish provinces in the south-east of the country, including:

• Kahramanmaras

On Monday afternoon local time, the second earthquake was reported in the Kahramanmaras province.

Gaziantep Castle, a site that dates to around AD656 and sits above the city of Diyarbakir, has been badly damaged.

Have flights or holidays been cancelled?

The earthquakes and aftershocks have not affected tourist areas that are popular among British holidaymakers.

No flights or package trips from the UK to Turkey have been cancelled.

Jet2, Hays Travel and Thomas Cook confirmed to i that there had been no cancellations.

Julia Lo Bue-Said, chief executive of the Advantage Travel Partnership, the UK’s largest network of independent travel agents, said:

“The UK Foreign Office advice to British travellers in Turkey is to avoid the affected areas and to listen to the advice of local authorities.

“At this time no flights have been cancelled from UK airlines. Anyone wanting to discuss travel to Turkey can call their local agent for further advice.”

Airports in the south-east of Turkey have closed, including Adana Sakirpasa Airport in the southern province of Adana, Hatay Airport in Hatay Province and Gaziantep Oğuzeli Airport in Gaziantep.

More on Travel News

Ashley Quint, director at TimeTravel World travel agency, said that February is not a busy time of year for UK tourists to travel to Turkey.

“There may be some who are travelling for a city break in Istanbul, a trip down to Cappadocia or possibly a winter sun trip to the coastline near Antalya,” he added.

“These are over 500 miles away from the epicentre in Gaziantep and have so far not reported any widespread damage.”

He recommends holidaymakers who are concerned about trips to Turkey to speak to their travel agent, tour operator or airline, especially if travelling imminently.

“Unless travelling to Gaziantep or Adana, it’s unlikely either will offer additional flexibility, unless there is specific threat of aftershocks elsewhere and/or the FCDO advice changes,” he added.

What have UK and Turkish authorities said?

Turkey’s President, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, said on Twitter that “search and rescue teams were immediately dispatched” to the areas hit by the quake.

“We hope that we will get through this disaster together as soon as possible and with the least damage,” he added.

An update to the FCDO office advice for Turkey reads: “A 7.8 earthquake hit Gaziantep and neighbouring provinces in the south east of Turkey on 6 February 2023.

“On the same day a 7.5 magnitude earthquake hit the neighboring province of Kahramanmaras. There have been several strong after-shocks. If you are in Turkey or planning to travel there you should follow the information and advice from local authorities/your tour operator.

“If you’re in the Gaziantep, Kahramanmaras or neighbouring provinces and it is safe to do so, contact your friends and family to tell them you are safe.”

UK Prime Minister, Rishi Sunak, said: “My thoughts are with the people of Turkey and Syria this morning, particularly with those first responders working so valiantly to save those trapped by the earthquake. The UK stands ready to help in whatever way we can.”

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Safety and security

You should also read FCDO ’s overall travel advice and regional risks advice .

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad .

Terrorism in Turkey

Terrorists are very likely to try to carry out attacks in Turkey.

Most terrorist attacks have occurred in southeast Turkey, Ankara and Istanbul.  You should remain aware of your surroundings, keep up to date with local media reports and follow the advice of local authorities.

Attacks could be indiscriminate including in places visited by foreigners, such as:

• public buildings
• places of worship
• large public gatherings (including major events, public holidays, religious occasions)

There have been a number of recent significant attacks in Istanbul:

• In February 2024, one person was killed in an armed attack on the Çağlayan courthouse by the terrorist group DHKP/C
• In January 2024, one person was killed by two gunmen in the Santa Maria Catholic Church in Sariyer, in an attack claimed by Daesh
• In 2022, six people were killed in an explosion in central Istanbul.

Extremist groups based in Syria, including Daesh and Al-Qaeda linked groups, have the capacity to carry out attacks in neighbouring countries, including Turkey. Daesh has previously targeted border crossings and nearby locations on the Syrian side of the border.

See Regional risks

Political situation

Occasional demonstrations can occur in cities and may become violent. Police have used tear gas and water cannon to disperse protests.

Events in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories have led to heightened tensions in the region and demonstrations are ongoing in locations across Turkey. Large demonstrations have been reported outside diplomatic missions connected to the conflict in major cities, particularly Israeli diplomatic missions in Ankara and Istanbul.

Avoid all demonstrations and leave the area if one develops. Local transport routes may be disrupted.

Street robbery and pickpocketing

Street robbery and pick-pocketing are common in the major tourist areas of Istanbul. Be aware of your personal belongings and make sure they are always secure.

Drink and food spiking

Buy your own drinks and always keep sight of them. Be wary of strangers:

• approaching you to change money
• taking you to a restaurant or nightclub
• offering you food and drink these could be spiked

Counterfeit alcohol

In a small number of cases, counterfeit branded bottles of alcohol have caused deaths of tourists. If you have any concerns, ask for advice from your tour operator or the Turkish authorities.

Sexual assault

In 2023, 42 cases of sexual assault, including rape, were reported to British consular staff in Turkey. Most cases happened during summer holidays in coastal tourist areas. Crimes were committed at night by someone the victim met during the day, including hotel and spa workers. There have also been sexual attacks on minors visiting toilet facilities alone. Be extra vigilant in these situations.

Vehicle safety

Accepting lifts from strangers can be dangerous. Find a registered taxi and note the registration number before entering.

Laws and cultural differences

Personal id.

It is illegal not to carry some form of photographic ID in Turkey. Always carry your passport or residence permit. In some busy areas, especially Istanbul, the authorities may stop people for ID checks. There are also several police checkpoints on main roads across Turkey. Cooperate with officials conducting checks.

Dress visiting mosques

Dress modestly if you’re visiting a mosque or a religious shrine to avoid causing offence.

Personal injury claims

There are reports of tourists being encouraged to submit a claim for personal injury if they have experienced gastric illness in Turkey. Find out what you can do if you have suffered a personal injury on the Citizens Advice website . Only make a claim if you have genuinely suffered from injury or illness. If you make a false or fraudulent claim, you may face legal proceedings in the UK or Turkey.

Smoking bans

Smoking is illegal on public transport and in all indoor workplaces and public places. Smoking is restricted in some outdoor areas where cultural, artistic, sports or entertainment activities are held.

Illegal drugs and prison sentences

Turkey has strict laws against the use, possession and trafficking of illegal drugs. You may receive a fine or prison sentence of 4 to 24 years.

Most towns and cities have stray dogs. Packs congregate in parks and wastelands and can be aggressive. Take care and do not approach stray dogs. If you’re bitten, get medical advice immediately. Rabies and other animal borne diseases are present in Turkey.

Sale of antiquities

Buying or exporting antiquities is illegal. You could be fined and receive a prison sentence of 5 to 12 years. Some historical items found at local markets and in antique shops can be sold within Turkey but are illegal to export. Confirm the status of antique items before you buy them.

Using cameras

Do not take photographs of or near military or official installations. Ask for permission before photographing people.

LGBT+ travellers

Same-sex sexual activity is legal in Turkey. However, many parts of Turkey are socially conservative and showing affection in public could receive unwelcome attention. Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers .

Comments about the nation and flag

It is illegal to insult the Turkish nation, state or the national flag, or to deface Turkish currency. These laws can also apply to comments or images online wherever they were uploaded. Offences under these laws carry a penalty in Turkey of a prison sentence of between 6 months and 3 years.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism

Extreme sports.

If you do an extreme sport, check that adequate safety precautions are in place. British nationals have been injured and killed doing extreme sports. Only use reputable operators. Make sure you are given full instructions and training before your activity. Make sure your travel insurance covers you for all activities you do.

Jeep safaris

Jeep safaris can be dangerous, there were a number of reported accidents in 2023. If you join a jeep safari, make sure you use a reputable company who have adequate health and safety procedures and equipment. Always check that such activities are covered by your insurance

Quad biking and mopeds

Quad biking is an extreme sport and carries the risk of serious injury or death. You need specific travel insurance to cover quad biking. Always read the details of your insurance cover, especially the small print and exclusions on your policy.

Make sure you are given full instructions and training before your activity.

Insurance sold by the hire company usually only provides third party insurance. It’s likely you will be charged for any damage to the rental vehicle and you may face arrest if you do not pay.

If you hire a moped you need a valid driving licence with at least category A1 - ‘light motorcycle’. Make sure the vehicle is in good condition. Drivers and passengers must wear helmets. Failure to do so may invalidate your insurance. If police stop you, they will fine you and take your licence.

Water sports

Book activities at a licensed water sports centre and before you start:

• make sure the paperwork is completed
• ask for a safety demonstration
• make sure you know how to call for help

Obey any warning signs and flags on beaches. Follow instructions from lifeguards and observe the flag indicators on beaches.

Follow local advice if jellyfish or urchins are present.

See water safety on holiday from the Royal Life Saving Society and the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents  watersports safety abroad guide .

Transport risks

Road travel.

If you are planning to drive in Turkey, see information on driving abroad . You must carry a green card in Turkey.

Take care when travelling by road, particularly at night. Approach checkpoints slowly and follow the instructions of security personnel. Roads between major cities are generally in excellent condition, but can be poor in remote, rural areas. Accidents are common and mainly due to poor or reckless driving.

It is illegal not to wear a helmet on motorcycles and mopeds. You may get a large fine if you do not wear a helmet.

Do not drink and drive. The police fine drunk drivers and your licence could be confiscated for 6 months.

Licences and documents

You need either a 1968 international driving permit (IDP) or a valid UK driving licence (notarised in Turkish) to drive in Turkey. The 1949 IDP is not accepted anymore. You cannot buy an IDP outside the UK, so get one before you travel.

If you stay in Turkey for more than six months, you must convert your UK driving licence into a Turkish licence. Provisional driving licences aren’t recognised.

If you bring a vehicle registered in another country into Turkey, observe the Turkish customs regulations.

Extreme weather and natural disasters

Find out what you can do to  prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards .

Extreme temperatures 

Extreme temperatures can affect many areas of Turkey over the summer months.  

The NHS has information on how to cope in hot weather .

Wildfires happen frequently in Turkey during summer.

See the sites below for more information:

• General Directorate of Forestry (in Turkish)
• General Directorate of Meteorology (in Turkish)  

You could get a fine or prison sentence for lighting a fire of any kind or discarding cigarettes in  risk areas such as woodland. Barbecues are prohibited in these areas.

If there is a wildfire in your area, local authorities may tell you to leave your accommodation. Follow the directions of local authorities.

If you see a wildfire, call emergency services on 112.

Severe rainstorms can cause flooding and landslides across Turkey, damaging roads and bridges. Some routes may become impassable, making it difficult to travel and reducing essential services.

If you’re in an affected area:

• monitor local media
• follow instructions of local authorities, including evacuation orders

Earthquakes

Many parts of Turkey regularly experience earthquakes and tremors. These can be a high magnitude, cause damage to infrastructure, and pose a risk to life.

A 7.8 magnitude earthquake hit Gaziantep and neighbouring provinces in the south-east of Turkey in February 2023. Strong earthquakes may continue to affect the region and it remains heavily damaged.

Follow any advice given by the local authorities.  See the US Federal Emergency Management Agency guidance about what to do before, during and after an earthquake .

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COVID-19: travel health notice for all travellers

Türkiye travel advice

Latest updates: Natural disasters and climate – updated information on wildfires

Last updated: August 21, 2024 13:38 ET

On this page

Safety and security, entry and exit requirements, laws and culture, natural disasters and climate, türkiye - exercise a high degree of caution.

Exercise a high degree of caution in Türkiye due to the threat of terrorist attacks and the possibility of demonstrations throughout the country.

Borders with Iraq and Syria - Avoid all travel

Avoid all travel to within 10 km of the borders with Iraq and Syria, due to the unpredictable security situation and the threat of terrorism.

Earthquake-affected provinces - Avoid non-essential travel

• Kahramanmaraş

Southeastern provinces - Avoid non-essential travel

• Bingöl

Back to top

Protests related to the situation in the Middle East

Since October 2023, protests have been taken place throughout Türkiye due to the ongoing situation in Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Some protesters have targeted and vandalized popular Western-branded businesses and foreign diplomatic missions.

Additional protests and demonstrations at various locations cannot be ruled out.

For more information about demonstrations

Borders with Iraq and Syria

Despite counter-terrorism operations conducted by Turkish and Iraqi security forces, a threat of terrorism subsists at the border between Türkiye and Iraq. Violent attacks on sites held by terrorist groups or against Turkish and Iraqi security forces occur frequently.

Extremist groups have carried out attacks at border crossings and other locations in Syria close to the Turkish border. The Turkish government has declared some areas in villages along the border with Syria special security zones as part of cross-border military operations.

Foreigners and individuals associated to Western countries are targets for kidnappings and violence by terrorist groups in border areas with Iraq and Syria.

Border areas with Iraq and Syria are subject to extremely dangerous military activities, such as:

• drone attacks
• heavy gunfire
• improvised explosive devices (IEDs) explosions

If you travel near the border with Iraq and/or Syria despite the advisory in effect:

• exercise extreme caution
• expect a heightened military presence and movement restrictions
• avoid travelling after dark
• monitor local and international media to stay informed on current clashes
• follow instructions from local authorities and security forces

Southeast region 

Terrorist groups have launched deadly terrorist attacks against Turkish security personnel in several cities and regions in the south and southeast of the country.

• Remain vigilant
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local and international media

There is a risk, particularly to foreigners, of kidnapping in the area (see Kidnapping, below). Maintain a high level of vigilance at all times.

Avoid overland travel. If you must, drive during the day and stay on major roads. Don’t use public transportation.

There is a threat of terrorism in Türkiye.

There have been armed attacks in crowded places in major cities, such as Ankara and Istanbul. Additional attacks could occur at any time.

Targets could include:

• Turkish military and government facilities
• Schools, including universities
• places of worship
• airports and other transportation hubs and networks 
• public areas such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets, hotels and other sites frequented by foreigners 
• public transportation
• cultural venues

Turkish security officials may set up roadblocks or close streets when they receive reports on specific threats. It is common for Turkish police to patrol proactively and conduct routine ID checks.

Be particularly vigilant during: 

• sporting events 
• cultural events, such as concerts
• religious holidays 
• public celebrations 
• major political events, such as political rallies for elections  

Terrorists may use such occasions to mount attacks. 

Mountaineering and hiking

Mount Ararat, between the eastern provinces of Agri and Igdir, is designated a special military zone. You must hire the services of a locally licensed guide agency if you intend to hike in the area. A licensed company will obtain the necessary permits and assign you a registered Mountaineer to accompany you throughout your hike.

If you intend on engaging in mountaineering or hiking:

• never do so alone and always hire an experienced guide from a reputable company
• buy travel insurance that includes helicopter rescue and medical evacuation
• ensure that your physical condition is good enough to meet the challenges of your activity
• ensure that you’re properly equipped and well informed about weather and other conditions that may pose a hazard
• inform a family member or friend of your itinerary, including when you expect to be back to camp
• know the symptoms of acute altitude sickness, which can be fatal
• obtain detailed information on trekking routes or ski slopes before setting out and do not venture off marked trails

Accurate information on mountain conditions can be difficult to obtain. Weather in mountainous areas can also be unpredictable.

Identification

Random ID checks and ‎roadblocks may take place in large cities and on intercity roads.

Cooperate during ID checks and always carry your passport and visa or residence permit. Failure to produce these documents or non-compliance with Turkish officials during identity checks could result in fines, detainment or deportation.

Turkish authorities have detained and prosecuted large numbers of people over social media posts criticizing the government, state officials, president, military operations, etc. You could be subject to scrutiny if you posted similar comments, even if a post was published years ago or outside of Türkiye.

• Keep in mind the sensitivities
• Think twice before posting or reacting to online content criticizing the government
• Restrain and limit your social media footprint

There is a threat of kidnapping-for-ransom along Türkiye’s borders with Syria and Iraq. Extremist groups take advantage of porous borders and an unpredictable security situation to carry out operations and use kidnapping as a means of raising funds.

They may target the local population, foreigners and even foreign aid workers.

Demonstrations

Demonstrations may occur. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also disrupt traffic and public transportation.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Expect enhanced security measures and an increased police presence
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations
• Be prepared to modify your plans in case of disturbances

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and purse snatching, can occur throughout Türkiye.

• Avoid showing signs of affluence
• Ensure that your belongings, passports and other travel documents are secure at all times
• If travelling by car, keep valuable belongings out of sight, windows closed and doors locked

Muggings, assaults and sexual assaults occur.

Spiked food and drinks

Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers. Be wary of accepting snacks, beverages, gum or cigarettes from new acquaintances. These items may contain drugs that could put you at risk of sexual assault and robbery. Do not accept food and drinks from strangers, even if the wrapping or container appears intact.

Don’t go to down-market bars and neighbourhoods. One scam, particularly common in Istanbul, involves locals inviting tourists to bars for food and drinks and then forcing them to pay a steep bill.

Don’t accept letters, parcels or other items from strangers. Drug traffickers sometimes attempt to convince foreigners to deliver packages and messages into and out of Türkiye.

Credit card and ATM fraud occurs. Be cautious when using debit or credit cards:

• pay careful attention when your cards are being handled by others
• use ATMs located in well-lit public areas or inside a bank or business
• avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature
• cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
• check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements

If you’re travelling to Türkiye to meet someone you’ve only met online, or the person in Türkiye asks to wire money, you may be the victim of a scam. Don’t send money to someone you have never met in person.

Overseas fraud

Women’s safety

There is a risk of sexual assault.

Women travelling alone may be subject to some forms of harassment and verbal abuse. Be aware of your surroundings.

Dress conservatively, especially in areas outside major cities and coastal resorts.

Advice for women travellers

Stray animals

There are numerous stray dogs and cats in Türkiye. Dogs often travel in packs and could attack pedestrians and joggers.

Don’t attempt to feed or pet stray animals.

Road safety

Türkiye has a modern road network. However, uneven surfaces and poorly marked lane changes near construction zones, are common.

Exercise caution, especially when driving in the rain. Severe weather conditions may seriously affect road conditions.

Ensure that your vehicle is in good repair. Avoid driving after dark outside of major cities or major roads.

Accidents are common. You may face the following hazards when driving in the country:

• reckless driving
• vehicle breakdown due to poor maintenance practices
• dangerous road conditions
• inadequate lighting
• poor signage
• high-volume traffic congestion

If you come across an accident, don’t slow down or stop to observe.

If you are involved in an accident, lock your doors and windows and call 112 to notify the police.

Don’t move your vehicle until advised to do so by the police, even if your accident results in:

• blocked traffic routes
• injuries to those involved
• a disagreement
• a crowd starting to form

You may be permitted to move your vehicle after communicating with the police if you are on a busy road, once you have taken pictures of the scene.

Although pedestrians officially have the right of way, it may not be the case in practice.

General Directorate of Highways

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from Turkish authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the  Foreign Representatives in Canada .

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for at least 60 days beyond the duration of stay indicated on your visa, e-Visa, visa exemption or residence permit.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Useful links

• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports

Work visa: required Tourism visa: not required for stays of up to 90 days in a 180-day period Business visa: required Student visa: required Medical visa: required

If you are travelling to Türkiye to seek medical services, apply for a medical visa through the HealthTürkiye online portal. You should also consult our advice on medical tourism under the  Health  section before applying for a medical visa.

If you are travelling to Türkiye and need a visa, use the official Turkish government site to apply online and purchase an e-visa before entering the country. Be cautious of third-party websites that offer help in getting any type of visa, as they may charge additional fees to provide information and submit applications for you. They do not operate on behalf of the Government of Türkiye.

If you plan to study or work in Türkiye, you must obtain a visa at a Turkish embassy or consulate before arriving in Türkiye. If you intend to work remotely from Türkiye, you must first obtain a ‘’Digital Nomad’’ visa by submitting the requested documentation on the government of Türkiye’s digital nomads online portal. If your documents are validated, you will receive a Digital Nomad Identification Certificate that you must present at a Turkish embassy, consulate or visa center to receive your visa.

To qualify for a subsequent visa-exempted entry for a 90-day period in Turkiye, you must leave the country for at least 90 days before being allowed to re-enter for another 90 days.

If you wish to remain in Türkiye for longer than 90 consecutive days, you must obtain a residence permit from the Provincial Directorate of Migration Management in the province in which you reside. If you overstay, you might be fined, deported or banned from future travel to Türkiye for a specific period of time.

• E-visa application system  – Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Türkiye
• Residency permit applications – Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Türkiye
• HealthTürkiye online portal – Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye
• Digital nomads online portal – Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Türkiye

Entry stamp

Ensure Turkish immigration officials stamp your passport on arrival. Failure to produce a stamped passport is punishable by a fine, detention and deportation, and can lead to significant delays at departure.

Dual citizenship

Dual Turkish-Canadian citizens must present a valid Turkish passport or piece of identification to enter the country.

• Children and travel

Learn more about travelling with children .

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Relevant Travel Health Notices

• Global Measles Notice - 13 March, 2024
• COVID-19 and International Travel - 13 March, 2024

This section contains information on possible health risks and restrictions regularly found or ongoing in the destination. Follow this advice to lower your risk of becoming ill while travelling. Not all risks are listed below.

Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before you travel to get personalized health advice and recommendations.

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your  routine vaccinations , as per your province or territory , are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

Yellow fever is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.

Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.

• There is no risk of yellow fever in this country.

Country Entry Requirement*

• Proof of vaccination is not required to enter this country.

Recommendation

• Vaccination is not recommended.

* It is important to note that country entry requirements may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest diplomatic or consular office of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.

About Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada

There is a risk of hepatitis A in this destination. It is a disease of the liver. People can get hepatitis A if they ingest contaminated food or water, eat foods prepared by an infectious person, or if they have close physical contact (such as oral-anal sex) with an infectious person, although casual contact among people does not spread the virus.

Practise  safe food and water precautions and wash your hands often. Vaccination is recommended for all travellers to areas where hepatitis A is present.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a risk in some areas of this destination. It is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). It is spread to humans by the bite of infected ticks or occasionally when unpasteurized milk products are consumed.

Travellers to areas where TBE is found may be at higher risk  during April to November, and the risk is highest for people who hike or camp in forested areas.

Protect yourself from tick bites . The vaccine is not available in Canada. It may be available in the destination you are travelling to.

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It can spread quickly from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when travelling internationally.

Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are fully protected against measles.

  Hepatitis B is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus.  Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease. It can spread from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

It is recommended that all eligible travellers complete a COVID-19 vaccine series along with any additional recommended doses in Canada before travelling. Evidence shows that vaccines are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. While vaccination provides better protection against serious illness, you may still be at risk of infection from the virus that causes COVID-19. Anyone who has not completed a vaccine series is at increased risk of being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and is at greater risk for severe disease when travelling internationally.

Before travelling, verify your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.

 The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before travelling.  

 The flu occurs worldwide. 

•  In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to   April.
•  In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and   October.
•  In the tropics, there is flu activity year round. 

The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.

The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.

In this destination, rabies is commonly carried by dogs and some wildlife, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal. While travelling, take precautions , including keeping your distance from animals (including free-roaming dogs), and closely supervising children.

If you are bitten or scratched by a dog or other animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional. In this destination, rabies treatment may be limited or may not be available, therefore you may need to return to Canada for treatment.  

Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who are at high risk of exposure (e.g., occupational risk such as veterinarians and wildlife workers, children, adventure travellers and spelunkers, and others in close contact with animals). 

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Travellers' diarrhea is the most common illness affecting travellers. It is spread from eating or drinking contaminated food or water.

Risk of developing travellers' diarrhea increases when travelling in regions with poor standards of hygiene and sanitation. Practise safe food and water precautions.

The most important treatment for travellers' diarrhea is rehydration (drinking lots of fluids). Carry oral rehydration salts when travelling.

Typhoid   is a bacterial infection spread by contaminated food or water. Risk is higher among children, travellers going to rural areas, travellers visiting friends and relatives or those travelling for a long period of time.

Travellers visiting regions with a risk of typhoid, especially those exposed to places with poor sanitation, should speak to a health care professional about vaccination.  

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever is a viral disease that can cause fever, pain and bleeding under the skin.  In some cases, it can be fatal.  It spreads to humans through contact with infected animal blood or tissues, or from the bite of an infected tick.  Risk is generally low for most travellers. Celebrations which include the slaughtering of animals and contact with their blood and/ or tissues may increase the risk of exposure to the virus.  

Protect yourself from tick bites and wear gloves or other protective clothing if you are in contact with the blood and tissues of  animals, particularly livestock. There is no vaccine available for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Human cases of avian influenza have been reported in this destination. Avian influenza   is a viral infection that can spread quickly and easily among birds and in rare cases it can infect mammals, including people. The risk is low for most travellers.

Avoid contact with birds, including wild, farm, and backyard birds (alive or dead) and surfaces that may have bird droppings on them. Ensure all poultry dishes, including eggs and wild game, are properly cooked.

Travellers with a higher risk of exposure include those: 

• visiting live bird/animal markets or poultry farms
• working with poultry (such as chickens, turkeys, domestic ducks)
• hunting, de-feathering, field dressing and butchering wild birds and wild mammals
• working with wild birds for activities such as research, conservation, or rehabilitation
• working with wild mammals, especially those that eat wild birds (e.g., foxes)

All eligible people are encouraged to get the seasonal influenza shot, which will protect them against human influenza viruses. While the seasonal influenza shot does not prevent infection with avian influenza, it can reduce the chance of getting sick with human and avian influenza viruses at the same time.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette , which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•   washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) , HIV , and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Medical tourism

Medical tourism is common in Türkiye. Canadian travellers have had serious health complications following surgeries abroad. The Turkish government recommends that all travellers seeking medical services select healthcare providers authorized by the Turkish Ministry of Health.

Before leaving for medical travel, you should do your research, especially on:

• the health and financial risks
• medical facilities performing the intended procedure
• language barriers, which can lead to misunderstandings about your medical care and conditions
• travel insurance that includes coverage for the type of medical procedure you will be undergoing

The Turkish authorities established the HealthTürkiye online portal, which provides information to foreigners about medical tourism in Türkiye.

You should discuss your medical plans with your primary healthcare provider in Canada before travelling. 

• Make sure that the healthcare providers you choose are authorized by the Turkish health authorities.
• Ask to see the credentials of the healthcare providers
• Obtain a written agreement detailing the proposed treatment or procedure.
• Receiving medical care outside Canada
• If you become sick or injured while travelling outside Canada or after your return
• Authorized healthcare providers  - Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye (In Turkish)
• International Health Services Call Center  - Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye
• HealthTürkiye – Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye

Universal health coverage

Foreigners with residency permits must register for universal health coverage under Turkish Social Security (SGK). Although Canadian citizens are exempt, you may enroll if you have no other coverage and you have been a resident in Türkiye for at least one year.

Universal Health Insurance  - Türkiye's social Security Institution

Medical services and facilities

Modern medical care is available in major cities but may not be in remote areas. Immediate cash payment is often required.

Most provincial and territorial health care programs are extremely limited in the coverage offered abroad. 

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Health and safety outside Canada

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a   travel health kit , especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad .

Authorities can request to see your ID at any time. If you fail to present valid identification documents upon request, you could face:

• deportation
• entry ban for future travel into Türkiye

During your stay:

• carry the original version (not only photocopies or digital versions) of a valid government-issued ID, such as your passport, at all times.
• keep a digital copy of your ID and travel documents in case it is seized or lost
• follow the instructions of the local authorities requesting the documents

If you are temporarily in Türkiye, you should carry a valid passport that contains a Turkish entry stamp and a valid visa.

If you reside in Türkiye, you should carry your Turkish resident ID (Kimlik and/or Ikamet) and a valid passport that contains a Turkish entry stamp and a valid visa.

The use of illegal drugs is prohibited. Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines.

Don't agree to carry any baggage that is not yours.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

Lèse-majesté

It is illegal to denigrate, desecrate or insult the following:

• the name or image of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Türkiye
• the president of the Republic of Türkiye
• the Turkish flag and the national anthem
• Turkish currency
• State organs and institutions and its judicial bodies
• the police and the military

Religious proselytism

Although religious proselytism is not illegal, some activities may be considered illegal and could lead to detention.

Political discussions

Avoid discussions (including on social media) on historical and religious issues as well as on politics.

• Restrain/limit your social media footprint.

Online activities

Turkish authorities have detained and prosecuted people over social media posts criticizing the government, state officials, president, military operations. You could be subject to scrutiny even if a post was published years ago or outside of Türkiye.

Authorities have also targeted people and groups for:

• publishing statements
• organizing news conferences
• organizing or participating in nonviolent activities
• critical writing and online activism protesting the government, its policies, decisions and actions

Even if a case does not go to trial or ends in acquittal, people can be labelled as terrorism suspects and face adverse consequences due to investigations and criminal proceedings, including possible loss of employment and social exclusion.

Photography

It is forbidden to photograph military or public installations. Avoid photographing public demonstrations or members of police or security forces. Cameras may be confiscated. Do not photograph people without their permission.

Turkish antiquities and other cultural artifacts that are considered of historical value or of national importance cannot be exported. Seek advice from Turkish authorities prior to departure from Türkiye. If the item can be exported, you will require a sales receipt and the official museum export certificate issued by the Turkish customs office.

2SLGBTQI+ persons

Turkish law does not prohibit sexual acts between individuals of the same sex. However, homosexuality is not widely socially accepted.

Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics

Dual citizenship is legally recognized in Türkiye.

If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of Türkiye, our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements .

Dual citizens

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. The convention applies between Canada and Türkiye.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Türkiye, and if the applicable conditions are met, you may apply for the return of your child to the Turkish court.

If you are in this situation:

• act as quickly as you can
• contact the Central Authority for your province or territory of residence for information on starting an application under The Hague Convention
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in Türkiye to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children's Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country's judicial affairs.

• List of Canadian Central Authorities for the Hague Convention
• International Child Abductions: A guide for affected parents
• The Hague Convention – Hague Conference on Private International Law
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Request emergency assistance

You should carry an international driving permit.

International Driving Permit

Dress and behaviour

Islamic practices and beliefs are closely adhered to in many parts of the country.

In all places of worship, women should cover their head with a scarf and all visitors should cover their arms and legs.

• Dress conservatively, especially in areas outside major cities and coastal resorts
• Behave discreetly
• Respect religious and social traditions to avoid offending local sensitivities

In 2025, the lunar month of Ramadan is expected to begin on or around February 28.

In public, between sunrise and sunset, be discreet when:

The currency of Türkiye is the Turkish lira (TRY).

Earthquakes

In February 2023, severe earthquakes struck several provinces in southeastern Türkiye resulting in tens of thousands of casualties and significant damage to critical infrastructure, buildings and private houses. There are reports indicating that most of the affected local populations live in temporary shelters or settlements awaiting reconstruction.

The authorities revoked the state of emergency on May 9, 2023. Recovery work is underway, but the situation remains precarious in the following southern provinces affected by the earthquakes:

If you are in the affected area, you can expect:

• continued telecommunication and electricity disruptions
• frequent aftershocks
• limited food, water and hygiene options
• limited accommodations
• extremely limited transportation options from the disaster area

If you are planning to travel near an affected area despite this advisory:

• monitor local media for the latest developments
• follow the instructions of local authorities

Avoid non-essential travel to the provinces affected by the earthquakes as our ability to provide consular assistance to Canadians in that area is severely limited. If you need assistance, call the Embassy of Canada in Ankara: 90 (312) 409-2700.

Türkiye is located in an active seismic zone. Landslides are possible in affected areas, and strong aftershocks may occur after the initial earthquake.

Earthquakes - What to Do?

Severe rainstorms occur in various regions around Türkiye, especially in the Black Sea region and coastal areas. Heavy rainfall can cause severe flooding and landslides, resulting in extensive damage to infrastructure and hampering the provision of essential services in the affected areas. Roads may become impassable and bridges damaged.

Droughts and snowstorms can also delay travel and disrupt essential services.

Forest fires often occur during the summer months, particularly in provinces on the Mediterranean and Aegean coasts of Türkiye.

Heavy smoke and ash fall may deteriorate the air quality in areas near active fires. They can also lead to road and air traffic disruptions and power outages.

In case of major fire:

• stay away from the affected areas, especially if you suffer from respiratory ailments
• follow the instructions of local authorities, including evacuation orders
• monitor local media for up-to-date information on the situation

Local services

Dial 112 for emergency assistance.

Consular assistance

Azerbaijan, Georgia. Offering consular services to Canadians in Iran.

For emergency consular assistance, call the Embassy of Canada to Türkiye, in Ankara, or the Consulate General of Canada to Türkiye, in Istanbul, and follow the instructions. At any time, you may also contact the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa.

The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.

The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.

If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.

Learn more about consular services .

Risk Levels

  take normal security precautions.

Take similar precautions to those you would take in Canada.

  Exercise a high degree of caution

There are certain safety and security concerns or the situation could change quickly. Be very cautious at all times, monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.

IMPORTANT: The two levels below are official Government of Canada Travel Advisories and are issued when the safety and security of Canadians travelling or living in the country or region may be at risk.

  Avoid non-essential travel

Your safety and security could be at risk. You should think about your need to travel to this country, territory or region based on family or business requirements, knowledge of or familiarity with the region, and other factors. If you are already there, think about whether you really need to be there. If you do not need to be there, you should think about leaving.

  Avoid all travel

You should not travel to this country, territory or region. Your personal safety and security are at great risk. If you are already there, you should think about leaving if it is safe to do so.

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Turkey and Syria quakes prompt fresh worries about Istanbul's building safety

Peter Kenyon

As Turkey's leaders promise a swift start to reconstruction efforts in the earthquake zone, attention is also turning to Istanbul — and whether Turkey's largest city has done what it can to be ready for a major quake. Chris McGrath/Getty Images hide caption

As Turkey's leaders promise a swift start to reconstruction efforts in the earthquake zone, attention is also turning to Istanbul — and whether Turkey's largest city has done what it can to be ready for a major quake.

ISTANBUL — The death toll continues to rise from the 7.8-magnitude earthquake and powerful aftershocks that hit southern Turkey and northern Syria. As Turkey's leaders promise a swift start to reconstruction efforts in the earthquake zone, attention is also turning to Istanbul — and whether Turkey's largest city has done what it can to be ready for a major quake.

President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has long spoken of the need to be ready for natural disasters. A year after an earthquake hit Izmir and surrounding areas in 2020, Erdogan reportedly boasted that the government had been with the people "from the very first minute."

18 Years After Turkey's Deadly Quake, Safety Concerns Grow About The Next Big One

He added, "Praise God, our country has the fastest, most effective and practical disaster response system in the world."

Rejecting criticism, charging critics

Erdogan's government has been stung by criticism about its initial response to this month's earthquake, with prosecutors launching an investigation into a lawyer who tweeted "where is the state?" in criticism of the response. The lawyer was reportedly charged with "insulting the state."

Erdogan has promised reconstruction will start as soon as the rubble is cleared away, and he aims to have the earthquake zone rebuilt within a year.

A prominent Turkish seismologist, Naci Gorur, responded that seismic studies of the region should be completed before any reconstruction starts.

Istanbul architect Korkut Ozgenler says his first reaction upon seeing the scenes of devastation this month was a deep sadness, followed by anger.

"It's very sad, and for me as an architect, seeing all those buildings collapsed and people under the rubble, it's especially – it made me, actually, furious," he says. "And the question comes to Istanbul: is Istanbul vulnerable?"

Ozgenler's answer is yes. He says improvements put on the books after a 1999 Aegean earthquake killed more than 17,000 people were a good start — but much more needs to be done.

"At the moment, people are sad, psychologically everyone is, like, even more scared that this could happen very soon in Istanbul as well – rightly so – and because so many buildings are at risk," he says.

Istanbul's mayor has said some 90,000 buildings in Istanbul could be at risk if a major earthquake hits the city. (In 2017, an architects' union said 2 million buildings in Istanbul were unsafe ).

Not only contractors at fault

Critics have pointed to so-called "zoning amnesties" given to contractors. These allowed buildings to be constructed more quickly, in part by skipping safety measures intended to strengthen a building's capacity to resist an earthquake.

But Ozgenler would like to nominate another group which he holds even more responsible: the buildings' owners and tenants.

He says many of the buildings that toppled over this month were left with their upper stories basically intact. What was destroyed were the ground floors, often used for stores and other commercial properties.

He says many acted to increase their commercial space by knocking out load-bearing walls or columns, compromising the structural integrity of the building.

"They have blood on their hands, and that makes me really, really angry when I see this," Ozgenler says. "I mean, you don't need an earthquake of 7.7 [magnitude] to see a building ... fall over like this, if there's no walls in the building, no core."

Even if building owners or tenants do bear some blame for weakening buildings in earthquake-prone areas, analyst Sinan Ulgen at Istanbul's Center for Economics and Foreign Policy says ultimately it's up to the state to regulate that — to enforce the building codes on the books.

Political implications?

Ulgen says there will undoubtedly be a backlash of some kind against the government's initial quake response, which may be why Erdogan has already pledged to provide shelter for all of the estimated 20 million people affected by the quake who need housing within a year.

This is all happening just weeks before elections were expected to be called, possibly to be held in May. It remains to be seen whether elections will be possible, given the challenges of holding a vote in heavily damaged cities in the earthquake zone.

As for the political implications, Ulgen says, "There are no poll numbers to show the political impact of the disaster, but ultimately it will be a handicap for the government."

Noting that the elections are a constitutional obligation, he says ultimately it will be up to President Erdogan to decide if he wants to delay the vote, but doing so would require parliamentary approval that would need opposition support, which he sees as highly unlikely.

Meanwhile, the six-party opposition coalition has yet to announce its own presidential candidate, adding one more layer of uncertainty to where Turkey goes from here.

Is Istanbul safe from earthquakes?

Yes, Istanbul is located in an earthquake-prone zone and is susceptible to earthquakes. The city is directly on the North Anatolian Fault, which experiences regular seismic activity. However, it is important to note that not all areas within Istanbul are equally at risk. Some neighborhoods and regions may have better safety measures in place to withstand earthquakes than others.

Can an earthquake hit Istanbul?

Yes, Istanbul can experience earthquakes. The city is located directly on the North Anatolian Fault, which is a major fault line between two tectonic plates. The fault line has a history of producing large earthquakes, and Istanbul is at risk of being affected by these seismic events.

Is it safe to travel to Istanbul after the earthquakes?

As of November 5th, 2023, it is safe to travel to Istanbul as long as you avoid the regions directly affected by the recent earthquakes. While Istanbul is located in an earthquake-prone zone, the city has safety measures in place and is well-prepared to handle seismic events. It is important to stay updated on local government advice and follow any safety guidelines or warnings in place.

What is the safest place in Turkey for earthquakes?

Some regions in Turkey, such as Antalya, Alanya, Gazipaşa, and Mersin, are considered seismic safe zones. These areas have lower risks of earthquake activity compared to other parts of the country. Additionally, Antalya, located on the southern coast of Turkey, is known for its earthquake-resistant construction and is considered one of the most earthquake-proof regions in the country.

Are Istanbul buildings earthquake-proof?

No, not all buildings in Istanbul are earthquake-resistant. Approximately 70 percent of the buildings in Istanbul are not designed to withstand earthquakes. It is estimated that around 90,000 buildings in the city need to be demolished and rebuilt to meet earthquake safety standards. This is an ongoing issue that the city is addressing to improve its resilience to seismic events.

Turkey reviews quake readiness in anticipation of expected earthquakes | DW News

Sorry, there is no specific information available regarding this topic.

Are hotels in Istanbul earthquake-safe?

Some hotels in Istanbul are built to meet stricter building codes introduced after 1999 to ensure earthquake-resistant construction. When booking accommodations in Turkey, it is recommended to look for properties built after this time period. These hotels are more likely to have implemented safety measures to withstand seismic activity.

Which parts of Turkey are affected by an earthquake?

The recent earthquakes in Turkey affected several provinces, including Adıyaman, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Kilis, Osmaniye, Gaziantep, Malatya, Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Elazığ, and Adana. These areas were most impacted by the seismic events, and it is important to consider this when planning travel to these regions.

What is the safest neighborhood in Istanbul for earthquakes?

The Beykoz neighborhood, located on the Anatolian side of Istanbul, is considered one of the safest areas in the city for earthquakes. This region is situated on the eastern side of the Bosphorus and is categorized as a low to moderate-risk earthquake zone. However, it is important to note that no area is entirely immune to seismic activity, and it is always recommended to take necessary precautions in earthquake-prone areas.

Which city in Turkey experiences the most destructive earthquakes?

The city of Antakya in Turkey has experienced some of the most destructive earthquakes in the country’s history.

Which areas should be avoided in Turkey after an earthquake?

The immediate vicinity of the affected region should be avoided after an earthquake. In the case of the recent earthquakes in Turkey, it is advised to avoid the provinces of Kahramanmaraş, Gaziantep, Malatya, Diyarbakır, Kilis, Şanlıurfa, Adıyaman, Hatay, Osmaniye, and Adana. It is important to follow local government advice and guidance regarding safety measures and travel restrictions.

Is it safe to go to Istanbul right now?

Yes, it is safe to travel to Istanbul at the moment. However, it is always essential to stay vigilant and informed about the current situation. While most terrorist attacks have occurred in certain areas of Turkey, including Istanbul, the risk remains low in most parts of the city. It is advisable to exercise caution and follow any local government advice or travel warnings.

Did the Turkey earthquake damage Istanbul?

No, Istanbul was not significantly damaged by the recent earthquakes in Turkey. Although the city is located close to the North Anatolian Fault and faces similar structural challenges as the affected areas, it remains unscathed. Istanbul has implemented safety measures and building codes to mitigate the impact of earthquakes.

Is it safe to visit Istanbul in 2023?

Yes, Istanbul is considered a safe destination for travelers in 2023. While the city is located in an earthquake-prone area, it has safety measures in place to handle seismic events. However, it is always recommended to stay updated on local government advice and follow any safety guidelines or warnings.

How far is Istanbul from the earthquake zone?

Istanbul is approximately 850 kilometers (528 miles) away from the earthquake zone that recently experienced seismic activity. The affected cities are primarily located in the southeastern part of Turkey. It is important to note that seismic events can have wide-ranging impacts, and it is advisable to stay informed about the situation and follow any travel advisories or warnings.

How often do earthquakes occur in Istanbul?

In the Marmara Sea basin, the North Anatolian Fault line experiences regular seismic activity. Over the past 2,000 years, there have been at least 34 earthquakes with an estimated magnitude of 7.0 or higher in this region. On average, this translates to one significant earthquake every 60 years. However, seismic events can be unpredictable, and it is crucial to be prepared and follow safety protocols in earthquake-prone areas.

Will there be a tsunami after the Turkey earthquake?

After the recent earthquake in Turkey, a local tsunami was recorded in the southeastern Mediterranean Sea. However, due to the lack of underwater observation, the exact mechanism behind the tsunami generation remains unclear. It is crucial to consider the possibility of a tsunami when assessing the risks associated with seismic events.

How powerful is a 7.8 earthquake?

A magnitude 7.8 earthquake is significantly more powerful than a magnitude 5.9 earthquake. In terms of energy, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake is approximately 708 times stronger than a magnitude

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Is Turkey’s Istanbul ready for a major earthquake?

Scientists tell Al Jazeera the megalopolis of 16 million people should get ready now for the inevitability of a powerful quake.

Turkey’s megacity Istanbul should start preparing now for a powerful earthquake that can strike anytime and mobilise all available resources to save lives and lesson the economic impact, experts say.

Scientists who talked to Al Jazeera said a major temblor is highly likely to strike Turkey’s largest city as the nation mourns the deaths of tens of thousands of people in the country’s southeast a week ago.

More than 31,000 people were killed and 80,000 others injured in the magnitude 7.8 and 7.6 earthquakes – centred in the city of Kahramanmaras – that happened only hours apart on February 6.

The twin tremors affected 10 provinces in Turkey and killed thousands of others in Syria, and the death toll continues to rise in both countries. Many victims are still trapped under collapsed buildings across the region.

The massive disaster raised the question of earthquake preparedness in Istanbul , Turkey’s business and tourism capital hosting some 16 million people. Scientists say the megalopolis is under imminent threat from a strong quake – perhaps multiple ones.

‘Tension on the line’

Sukru Ersoy, a professor of geology at Turkey’s Yildiz Technical University, said historical data of past earthquakes suggests that one on the fault line under the Marmara Sea is near.

“We know how much the North Anatolian Fault line moves every year through research. The movement of the fault line will lead to tension on the line that will cause the earthquake,” he told Al Jazeera, but added it is impossible to know exactly when it will take place.

Huseyin Alan, chairman of the Chamber of Geological Engineers, agreed: “A magnitude 7.0 or higher earthquake is expected in Istanbul according to the data we have.”

Ersoy explained: “The fault line under the Marmara Sea has the capacity to create two earthquakes stronger than magnitude 7.0 in one year. We saw this in the Kocaeli and Duzce earthquakes in 1999, as well as in other ones in the region in the past.”

A magnitude 7.6 earthquake hit the western part of Turkey’s Marmara region in August 1999 and killed at least 17,500 people. Another magnitude 7.2 quake hit nearby Duzce in November of that year, killing 845.

Turkey is located in a region that harbours several tectonic plates, and earthquakes are much more likely to happen around the borders between plates.

The North Anatolian Fault line divides the Eurasian and Anatolian plates, and it goes through the Marmara Sea, which is south of Istanbul.

What can be done?

Istanbul produced 30.4 percent of Turkey’s gross domestic product in 2021, according to official data , making it the heart of economic activity in the country.

The megalopolis also hosts the country’s most vital production facilities that could deeply hurt Turkey’s industrial sector if they are damaged by a powerful temblor.

Ersoy said severe seismic activity affecting Istanbul and the rest of the country should be at the top of the agenda for authorities.

“[Preparing for] earthquakes should be the top project in both Istanbul and Turkey. We should start now, start fast and mobilise all the resources to prepare for an earthquake in Istanbul,” he said.

Meanwhile, Alan said Istanbul should put a comprehensive earthquake action plan in place, and crucial infrastructure should be bolstered to prepare the city’s government offices, hospitals, military bases, and fire department buildings so an emergency response is ready to roll out after a strong temblor strikes.

“In the earthquakes in southeastern Turkey, many state buildings collapsed including hospitals and emergency response units,” he said, noting that those facilities could thus not help with disaster relief.

“We saw what happened when air, road and railway infrastructure is damaged by earthquakes. The help cannot reach the region fast enough.”

Authorities must also accelerate Istanbul’s urban transformation “starting from the most vulnerable areas in the city to topographic effects”, Alan said.

“Most of Istanbul is on rock ground, so its ground is relatively better quality than most cities the recent earthquake affected in southeastern Turkey,” he said.

“However, the buildings in Istanbul that are around stream beds, on coasts, and on filled land should be prioritised in urban transformation, as well as the ones in areas with landslide risk,” Alan added.

The country’s construction rules were updated after the 1999 Marmara earthquake and the Turkish seismic design code was made better through new regulations.

In addition, the Turkish government launched a city transformation project to replace old buildings with new ones.

During last week’s quakes, some newly constructed buildings collapsed, confirming criticism that regulations were not implemented in a transparent manner.

Ersoy said corruption is high in the construction sector in Turkey, “and therefore there were abuses” in some of the building inspections.

High-rise, high risk

Istanbul has grown rapidly in the past few decades because of migration from other Turkish regions, mostly related to socioeconomic factors.

With land increasingly scarce, construction companies have started building high-rise housing to meet the demand for real estate.

“These high-rise buildings can be affected by the earthquake that is expected to take place under the Marmara Sea. But they also can be affected by quakes far away – such as in other regions – through surface waves because of their height,” said Ersoy.

According to data shared by Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu, there are about 90,000 buildings at “high-risk status” from earthquakes out of some 1.2 million structures in the city.

Another 170,000 buildings are listed as “medium-risk status”, according to research by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality.

In last week’s disaster, says Murat Kurum, minister of environment, urbanisation and climate change, 24,921 buildings in the region “collapsed, urgently needed to be torn down, or received heavy damage”.

Ersoy said earthquakes can severely limit a nation’s economic development, and governments need to be ready to minimise their worst effects.

“When countries are harmed by earthquakes, their investment initiatives go to garbage and they cannot make progress – similar to a car’s wheels stuck in the mud,” he said. “Therefore we should be proactive and get prepared before earthquakes.”