co to znaczy adaptive cruise control

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• ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control) ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control)

ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control) - co to jest?

ACC (z ang. Adaptive Cruise Control), jest to rozbudowana wersja tempomatu pierwszej generacji CCS (z ang. Cruising Control System), określana mianem adaptacyjnego lub aktywnego tempomatu. Obecnie w pojazdach możemy spotkać dwie kolejne generacje adaptacyjnych tempomatów. Aktywne tempomaty różnią się one od siebie przede wszystkim stopniem redukowania prędkości, aż do pełnego zatrzymania włącznie.

Tempomat CCS

Za pomocą przycisku, umieszczonego zazwyczaj przy kole kierownicy, zatwierdzana jest wybrana prędkość jazdy. Sterownik pobiera sygnał prędkości jazdy z czujników w kołach i sterując mocą silnika  utrzymuje tę zadaną prędkość. Przerwanie działania tempomatu odbywa się poprzez naciśniecie pedału hamulca – po naciśnięciu na pedał przyspieszenia (przy włączonym tempomacie), samochód przyspieszy, a po puszczeniu pedału gazu zwolni naturalnie z zamkniętą przepustnicą do zadanej prędkości. 

Adaptacyjny tempomat I generacji

Wczesne wersje ACC korzystają ze specjalnego czujnika (radaru), umieszczanego za atrapą chłodnicy. Jego zasięg obejmuje około 100 metrów drogi na pasie przed pojazdem. W razie wykrycia zbyt małego dystansu od auta poprzedzającego, system obniży prędkość samochodu do minimalnej prędkości wynoszącej 30-50 km/h . Do pełnego jej wytracenia i zatrzymania pojazdu potrzebna jest ingerencja kierowcy, informowanego sygnałem alarmowym o konieczności nacisku na pedał hamulca. Poniżej minimalnej prędkości tempomat się wyłącza. 

Adaptacyjny tempomat II generacji

Urządzenia te umożliwiają nie tylko maksymalne wytracenie prędkości, ale również całkowite zatrzymanie samochodu. Oprócz zamontowanego z przodu samochodu czujnika radarowego długiego zasięgu (zakres jego efektywnego działania został zwiększony dwukrotnie, w porównaniu z aktywnymi tempomatami pierwszej generacji), ACC drugiej generacji wyposażony jest również dodatkowo w czujnik radarowy krótkiego zasięgu. Jest on w stanie śledzić nawet ponad 30 ruchomych obiektów jednocześnie (na przestrzeni od 0,2 do 30 metrów przed pojazdem).

W momencie wystąpienia krytycznej sytuacji (np. nagłego hamowania auta poprzedzającego), wysyłany jest sygnał potrzebny do pełnego zadziałania układu hamulcowego i w konsekwencji zatrzymania samochodu. Dzieje się tak równiez w normalnym ruchu drogowym, na przykład podczas jazdy w korku tempomat doprowadza do zatrzymania pojazdu.

Najbardziej rozbudowane wersje tempomatów ACC drugiej generacji współpracują ponadto z innymi układami zamontowanymi w pojazdach, m.in. z systemem Start&Stop , umożliwiającym wyłączanie silnika i ponowne ruszanie oraz układem PreSafe, osuszającym hamulce i napinającym pasy w celu uchronienia przed skutkami ewentualnej kolizji. Najnowsze wersje adaptacyjnych tempomatów są w stanie zatrzymać pojazd, a jeśli pojazd poprzedzający po zatrzymaniu w ciągu ok. 3 s ruszy z miejsca, również tempomat wprawi pojazd w ruch.

Obecnie coraz częściej tempomaty adaptacyjne łączy się z systemami niezależnymi od ruchu pojazdu , m.in. układem nawigacji satelitarnej , w celu zwiększenia wydajności lub bezpieczeństwa jazdy. Przykładowo uwzględnia wzniesienia do lekkiej redukcji prędkości, a na zjazdach ją zwiększa. Podczas szybkiej jazdy, np. drogą ekspresową, tempomat zmniejsza prędkość przed łukami. Są również tempomaty dostosowujące się do ograniczeń prędkości na drodze. 

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Lista haseł.

• 4WD - Four Wheel Drive
• 4WS - Four Wheel Steering
• A/D - Auto Drive
• A/D Converter - Analog to Digital Converter
• AAC - Auxiliary Air Control
• AAP - Auxiliary Air Pump
• AAS - Auto Adjusting Suspension
• AAV - Auxiliary Air Valve
• ABC - Active Body Control
• ABCM - Antilock Brake Control Module
• ABD - Automatic Blocking of Differential
• ABS (Anti-Lock Breaking System)
• ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control)
• ACC-SCU - Zespół czujnika radarowego ze sterownikiem adaptacyjnej regulacji prędkości jazdy
• ACD - Active Center Differential
• ACEA - Association des Constructeurs Europeens d’Automobiles
• ACIS - Acoustic Control Induction System
• ACL - Air Cleaner
• ACMC - Air Conditioning Magnetic Clutch
• ACP - Aircon Pressure
• ACR - Automatic Code Reader
• ACRS - Air Cushion Restraint System
• ACS - After Crash System
• ACT - Air Charge Temperature Sensor
• Active Suspension (zawieszenie aktywne)
• ACV - Air Control Valve
• ADAC - Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club
• ADC - Active Damper Control
• ADC - Analog to Digital Converter
• ADK - AbstandDistanzKontrolle
• ADM - Automatic Drivetrain Management
• ADR - Automatic Distance Regulation
• ADS - Advanced Disk System
• ADU - Airbag Diagnostic Unit
• ADW - Analog-Digital Wandler
• AED - Automatic Enrichment Device
• AFL - Adaptive Front/Forward Lighting
• AFM - Air Flow Meter
• AFR (A/F) - Air to Fuel Ratio
• AFS - Active Front Steering
• AFS - Air Flow Sensor
• AFV - Alternative Fuel Vehicle
• AG - Automatische Getriebe
• AGB - Automatischer Geswindigkeits Begrenzer
• AGM - Absorbent Glass Matt
• AGS - Adaptive GetriebeSteuerung
• AHC - Active Height Control
• AHR - Active Head Restraint
• AI - Air Injection
• AIMA - Association of International Automobile Manufactures
• Airmatic DC - Airmatic Dual Control
• AIRS - Air Injection Reaction System
• AIS - Air Induction System
• AIS MOTOR - Automatic Idle Speed Motor
• AIV - Air Induction Valve
• AK - Automatische Kupplung
• Akcyza na LPG
• AKEK - Automatische Kindersitzerkennung
• AKF - AktivKohleFilter
• AKR - Antiklopfregelung
• AKS - Automatische Kupplung System
• AKSE - Automatische Kindersitzerkennung
• Aktywne czujniki
• Akumulator litowo-jonowy
• AL - Active Lenkung
• ALB - Anti - Lock - Breaking
• ALB - Automatischer Lastabhangiger Bremskraftregle
• ALC - Automatic Level Control
• ALCL - Assembly Line Communications Link
• ALDL - Assmebly Line Diagnostic Link
• ALG - Achlastgeber
• ALL - Automatic Load Leveling
• ALR - Automatic Locking Retractor
• ALT - Alternator
• ALWR - Automatische Leucht Weiten Regelung
• AMG - Aufrecht Melcher Großaspach
• Amortyzator
• AMR - Antriebs Momenten Regelung
• AMT - Automated Manual Transmission
• AMVAR - Elektroniczny system zmiennej amortyzacji
• ANC - Active Noise Control
• AOS - Automotive Occupancy Sensing
• AP - Accelerator Pedal
• AP - Air Pump
• Aparat zapłonowy (rozdzielacz)
• APB - Automatic Parking Brake
• APC - Accelerometer Pilot Control
• API - American Petroleum Institute
• APS - Absolute Pressure Sensor
• APS - Accelerator Pedal Sensor
• APS - Acoustic Parking System
• APS - Adaptive Pneumatic Suspension
• APV - All Purpose Vehicle
• AQS - Air Quality Sensor
• Aquaplaning (akwaplancja)
• ARF - AbgasRuckFuhrung
• ARR - AbgasRuckfuhrRegelung
• ARS - Advanced Restraint System
• ART - Abstands Regelungs Tempomat
• ARTS - Adaptive Restraint Technology System
• AS - AbschleppSchutz
• AS - Air Suction
• ASB - Active Sensor Bearing
• ASBS - Anti-Schleuder-Brems-System
• ASC - Acceleration Skid Control, Anti Skid Control, Anti-Slipping Control
• ASC - Active Stability Control, Automatic Stability Control
• ASC+T - Automatic Stability Control plus Traction
• ASCD - Automatic Speed Control Device
• ASD - Automatic Shut - Down
• ASD - Automatisches Sperr Differential
• ASDM - Airbag System Diagnostic Module
• ASF - Audi Space Frame
• Asferyczne lusterko zewnętrzne
• ASG - Automatic Stop and Go
• ASG (Automated Shift Gearbox)
• ASIC - Application Specific Integrated Circuit
• ASM - Alarm Siren Module
• ASM - Auto Shift Manual
• ASPV - Air Suspension Pressure Valve
• ASS - Active Service System
• ASSP - Application Specific Standard Product
• ASSYST - Active Service System
• AST - Automated Shift Transmission
• ASV - Air Suction Valve
• Asystent parkowania
• Asystent podjazdu
• Asystent zjazdu
• AT - Automatic Transmission
• ATC - Adaptive/Automatic Transmission Control
• ATC - Automatic Temperature Control
• ATC - Automatic Traction Control
• ATCM - Automatic Transmission Control Module
• ATCS - Active Torque Control System
• ATF - Automatic Transmission Fluid
• ATI - Advanced Turbo Intercooling
• ATL - Abgastturbolader
• ATM - Actuator Test Mode
• ATR - Abgastemperaturregulung
• ATR - Automatic Transmission Relay
• ATS - Air Temperature Sensor
• ATV - All Terrain Vehicle
• ATWS - Anti Theft Warning System
• ATX - Automatic Transaxle
• AU - Abgasuntersuchung
• Auto Hold - automatyczny hamulec postojowy
• Autocasco - polisa AC
• Automatyczna skrzynia biegów
• AVAC - Advanced Vehicle Analysis Computer
• AVE - Average
• AVG/AVE - Average
• AVOM - Analog VOLT/OHM Meter
• AVS - Adaptive Variable Suspension
• AVT - Active Valve Train
• AWC - All Wheel Control
• AWD - All Wheel Drive
• AWS - All Wheel Steering
• AWS - Anti Whiplash Seat
• AYC - Active Yaw Control
• BAC - Bypass Air Control
• Backfire (eksplozja niekontrolowana)
• BACV - Bypass Air Control Valve
• Bagażnik dachowy
• Bagnet olejowy
• BAP - Barometric Air Pressure Sensor
• Bar (ciśnienie)
• BARO - Barometric Pressure Sensor
• BAS - Brake Assist
• BAS - Brake Assist (Asystent hamowania)
• BAT MS - Battery Managemet System
• BATT - Battery
• BBDC - Before Bottom Dead Centre
• BBW - Brake by Wire
• BC - Board Computer
• BCDD - Boost Control Deceleration Device
• BCM - Body Control Module
• BDC - Bottom Dead Centre
• BDD - Battery Disconnect Device
• BDE - Benzin Direkteinsspritzung
• BDW - Brake Disc Wiping
• Belka skrętna
• BEV - Battery Electric Vehicle
• Bezpieczeństwo bierne
• Bezpieczeństwo czynne
• Bezpieczniki samochodowe
• Bezpośredni wtrysk paliwa
• Bezwładnościowe pasy bezpieczeństwa
• Bęben hamulcowy
• BI-litronic
• BID - Breakerless Inducive Discharge
• Bieg jałowy
• Bimetalowy włącznik
• BKV - Bremskraftverstarker
• BLIS - Blind Spot Information System
• Blok silnika
• Blokada mechanizmu różnicowego
• Blokada tylnego mostu
• BM - Board Monitor
• BMS - Battery Management System
• BOB - Breakout Box
• Boczne poduszki powietrzne
• Bokser (boxer)
• BOO Switch - Brake On/Off Switch
• BOV - zwór blow off valve
• BP - Barometric Pressure
• BP - Brake Pedal
• BPC - Boost Pressure Control
• BPS - Barometric Pressure Sensor
• BPV - Back Pressure Transducer Valve
• BPV - Battery Positive Voltage
• BPV - By-Pass Valve, bypass (zawór obejściowy)
• BPW - Base Pulse Width
• BRA - Brake
• BRK - Brake
• BSU - Bosch Smoke Unit
• BSW - Brake Switch
• BTCS - Brake Traction Control System
• BTDC - Before Top Dead Centre
• BVSV - Bimetal Vacuum Switching Valve
• CA - Cranking Amps
• CA - Crankshalf Aangle
• CAA - Clean Air Act
• CAB - Controller Anti - Lock Brake
• CAC - Charge Air Cooler
• CAD - Computer Aided Design
• CAGS - Computer Aided Gear Shift
• CAI - Cold Air Intake
• CAL - Computer Aided Lighting
• CAM - Camshaft
• CamInCam (CIC)
• CAN - Control Area Network
• CANPSV - Canister Purge Solenoid Valve
• CARB - California Air Resources Board
• CARB - Carburrettor
• CARE - Auto - Concept for Advanced Recycling and Environment - Automotive
• CARIN - Car Information and Navigation System
• Cartronic - Car Electronic
• CAS - Collision Avoidance System
• CAT - Catalyst
• CATC - Catalytic Converter
• CATS - Computer Active Technology Suspension
• CB - Choke Breaker
• CB - Citizens Band
• CB - Contact Breaker
• CBC - Cornering Brake Control
• CBS - Combined Braking System
• CC - Catalytic Converter
• CC - Coupe - Cabrio
• CC - Cubic Centimeter
• CCA - Cold Crankking Amps
• CCC - Computer Command Control
• CCM - Check Control Module
• CCMC - Committee of Common Market, Automobile Constructors
• CCP - Charcoal Canister Purge
• Ccp controlled canister purge
• CCS - Cruise Control System
• CCV - Closed Crankcase Ventilation
• CDC - Compact Disc Changr
• CDC - Continuous Damping Control
• CDCV - Canister Drain Cut Valve
• CDI - Capacitor Discharge Ignition
• CDI - Common Rail Direct (Diesel) Injection
• CDM - Calibration Data Manager
• CDM - Control and Diagnostic Module
• CDP - Compact Disc Player
• CDR - Crankcase Depression Regulator Valve
• CDS - Computer Diagnostic System
• CDS - Crankshaft Delay Sensor
• CDTI - Common rail Diesel Turbo Injection
• Centralny zamek
• Cewka zapłonowa
• Check engine - Sprawdź silnik!
• CID - Cylinder Identyfication Device
• Cięgno Bowdena
• Cięgno elastyczne
• Ciśnienie doładowania
• Ciśnienie oleju
• Ciśnienie wtrysku
• City Safety
• CKD - Completely Knocked-Down
• Climatic - Klimatyzacja półautomatyczna
• Climatronic - Klimatyzacja automatyczna
• CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) - sprężony gaz ziemny
• Coming/Leaving Home - Funkcja odprowadzania
• Common rail (wspólna szyna)
• Comprex - Rodzaj turbosprężarki
• Corner - Funkcja doświetlania zakrętów
• CR - Common Rail
• Crash - test
• CRS - Common Rail System
• Cruise control adaptacyjny
• CVH - Compound Valve angle Hemispherical combustion chamber
• CVT - Continuously Variable Transmission
• CVTC - Continuously Variable Timing Control
• Cykl Atkinsona
• Cykl Millera
• Czołowe poduszki powietrzne
• Czujnik deszczu
• Czujnik jakości powietrza
• Czujnik parkowania
• Czujnik położenia wału korbowego (Crank Angle Sensor)
• Czujnik poziomu oleju
• Czujnik spalania stukowego
• Czujnik świateł
• Czujnik zderzeniowy
• Czujnik zmierzchu
• Czynne bezpieczeństwo
• D - Drive Position
• D4 - Direct injection 4 stroke gasoline engine
• DAC - Driver Alert Control
• DCI - Diesel Common Rail Injection
• DHP - Drive Horse Power - moc na kołach
• DIN - Deutsche Industrie Norm
• DIS - Direct Ignition System
• DIS - Distributorless Ignition System
• DIS - Driver Information System
• DKZ - dwumasowe koło zamachowe
• Docieranie silnika
• DOHC - Double Over Head Camshaft
• Dolny martwy punkt
• Doładowanie
• DPF - Diesel Particulate Filter
• Drążek reakcyjny (Panharda)
• Drążek skrętny
• Drążek ustalający
• Droga hamowania
• Drut grzany
• DSA - Dual Stage Airbag
• DSC - Dynamic Stability Control
• DSG - Direct Shitf Gearbox
• DSR - Digital Service Register
• DSR - Dynamic Steering Response
• DSTC - Dynamic Stability and Traction Control
• DTC - Diagnostic Trouble Code
• DTC - Dynamic Traction Control
• DTM - Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters
• Dummy (dummies), Hybrid 3
• DV - zawór dump valve
• Dyferencjał
• Dynamiczne doświetlanie zakrętów
• E-gas - Elektroniczny pedał przyspieszania
• EAI - Electronic Advance Ignition
• EAP - Electronic Accelerator Pedal
• EAS - Electronic Air Suspension
• EAS - Electronic Assisted Steering
• EBA - Emergency Brake Assist
• EBCA - Electronic Brake Control Assistance
• EBD - Electronic Brakeforce Distribution
• EBS - Electronic Braking System
• EBV - Electronische Bremskraft Verteilung
• ECC - Electronic Climate Control
• ECE - Economic Commission for Europe
• ECU - Electronic Control Unit
• EDL - Electronic Differential Locking
• EDS - Electronic Differential System/Elektronische DifferentialSperre
• EEC - Evaporative Emission Control
• EFE - Early Fuel Evaporation
• EFI - Electronic Fuel Injection
• EGI - Electronic Gas Injection
• EGO - Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor
• EGR - Exhaust Gas Recirculation
• EHB - ElektroHydraulische Bremse
• Elektroniczny pedał przyspieszania
• Elektrozawór
• Elektryczny hamulec postojowy EPB
• EMB - Electromechanical Breaking System
• Energia kinetyczna
• EOBD - European On Board Diagnostic
• EPS - Electronic Power Steering System
• ESC - Electronic Stability Control
• ESP (ESC, VSC, DSC)
• ETC - Electronic Throttle Control
• Euro-NCAP - European New Car Assessment Programme
• Euroconector
• EVA - Emergency Valve Assistance
• Evap System - Evaporative Emission System
• EZEV - Equivalent Zero Emission Vehicle
• Facelifting
• Fazy rozrządu
• FF - Freiflachentechnik
• FIA - Federation Internatiole de I’Automobile
• Film grzany
• Filtr cząstek stałych
• Filtr fazy ciekłej
• Filtr fazy lotnej
• Filtr oleju
• Filtr paliwa
• Filtr powietrza
• Filtr przeciwpyłkowy
• Fotele klimatyzowane
• FPS - Fire Prevention System
• Front Assist
• FSI - Fuel Stratified Injection
• Funkcja gala
• FWD - Front Wheel Drive
• Gaźnik (karburator)
• GDI - Gasoline Direct Injection
• Generator HHO
• Geometria kół
• Głębokość brodzenia
• Głowica silnika
• GPS - Global Positioning System
• Grzybek zaworu
• GT - Gran Turismo
• GTI - Gran Tourer Injection
• Gwarancja mobilności
• HAC - Hill Start Assist Control
• Hak holowniczy
• Halogenowy cykl
• Hamulec bębnowy
• Hamulec elektromechaniczny
• Hamulec najazdowy
• Hamulec postojowy (ręczny)
• Hamulec tarczkowy
• Hamulec tarczowy
• Hamulec taśmowy
• HBA - Hydraulic Brake Assist
• HDC - Hill Descent Control
• HDI - High Pressure Direct Injection
• HHC - Hill Hold Control
• Hill holder
• Holowanie pojazdu
• Holzgas - Generator Imberta
• HPI - High Pressure Injection
• HSA - Hill Start Assist
• HUD - Head-up Display
• Hybrydowy napęd
• Hydroplaning
• HYGE - High Impulse Generator
• I-CTDI - Inteligent Common rail Turbocharged Direct Injection
• I-DTEC - Inteligent Diesel Technology
• IC - Inflatable Curtain
• ICs - Integrated Circuits
• IDE - Injection Directe Essence
• Immobiliser
• Indeks nośności
• Indeks prędkości
• Infotainment
• Inteligentna poduszka powietrzna
• Intercooler
• JTD - uniJet Turbo Diesel
• JTS - Jet Thrust Stoichiometric
• Kadłub silnika
• Kanał dolotowy
• Katalizator (konwerter lub reaktor katalityczny)
• Kategoria AM prawa jazdy
• Kąt natarcia
• Kąt pochylenia koła
• Kąt rampowy
• Kąt rozwidlenia
• Kąt wyprzedzenia wtrysku
• Kąt wyprzedzenia zapłonu
• Kąt zejścia
• KERS - Kinetic Energy Recovery System
• KESSY - Keyless Entry Start and Exit System
• Kierownica wielofunkcyjna
• KJS - Konkursowa Jazda Samochodem
• Klatka bezpieczeństwa
• Klimatyzacja
• Klimatyzacja (A/C - Air Conditioning)
• Klocki hamulcowe
• KM (koń mechaniczny)
• Koce grzewcze
• Kolektor dolotowy o zmiennej geometrii
• Kolektor ssący (dolotowy)
• Kolizja drogowa
• Kolo zamachowe
• Kolumna kierownicy
• Kolumna MacPhersona
• Kolumna resorująca
• Koło pasowe
• Koło pierścieniowe
• Koło słoneczne
• Koło zamachowe dwumasowe
• Koło zębate
• Kombilimuzyna
• Komora spalania
• Komora wirowa
• Komora wstępna
• Kompresor (sprężarka klimatyzacji)
• Komputer pokładowy
• Korektor siły hamowania
• KOZ - Kąt opóźnienia zapłonu
• Krzyżaki wału napędowego
• Ksenony (ksenonowe oświetlenie)
• Kurtynowe poduszki powietrzne
• Lakier wodorozpuszczalny
• Lane Assist
• LED - Light Emitting Diodes
• LEV - Low Emission Vehicle
• Leżakowanie opon
• Liczba cetanowa (LC)
• Liczba oktanowa
• Liczba zasadowa TBN (Total Basic Number)
• Light assistant
• LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)
• LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
• LSD - Limited Slip Differential
• Lusterko fotochromatyczne
• Luz zaworowy
• Łańcuch rozrządu
• Łańcuchy śniegowe
• Łącznik stabilizatora
• Łożysko koła
• Łożysko oporowe
• M+S - Mud and Snow
• MAP - Manifold Absolute Pressure sensor
• Masa resorowana i nieresorowana
• Masy nieresorowane
• MAT - Manifold Air Temperature
• Mata wygłuszająca
• Max inflation
• MBA - Mechanical Brake Assistant
• MDI - Mobile Device Interface
• Mechanizm różnicowy
• Mieszanka paliwowo - powietrzna
• Mieszanka stechiometryczna
• MIL - Malfunction Indicator Light
• Miska olejowa
• MKD - Medium Knocked Down
• Moment obrotowy
• Most napędowy
• Mover (urządzenie manewrowe)
• MPI - Multi Point Injection
• MPV - Multi Purpose Vehicle
• Multitronic
• Myjnia parowa
• Nadsterowność
• Nadwozie ocynkowane
• Nagrzewnica
• Napęd hydrauliczny
• Napęd pneumatyczny
• Napinacz pasa bezpieczeństwa
• NASCAR - National Assocation for Stock Car Auto Racing
• Nawigacja satelitarna
• Nm - Niutonometr
• NOS - Nitrous Oxide System
• NVA - Night Vision Assistant
• OBD - On Board Diagnostics
• Obieg oleju
• Obieg w układzie chłodzenia
• Ochrona antykorozyjna nadwozia
• Ochrona pieszego
• Odpowietrznik
• Odzysk energii
• Ogniwo paliwowe
• Ogranicznik napięcia pasa
• Ogrzewanie postojowe
• OHC - Over Head Camshaft
• OHV - Over Head Valves
• Olej silnikowy
• ON - Olej napędowy
• OPC - Opel Performace Center
• Opona diagonalna
• Opona radialna
• Opona samouszczelniająca się
• Opory ruchu
• Oznaczenie opon
• Oznaczenie RF
• Oznaczenie XL
• Paliwo zimowe
• Pałąki przeciwkapotażowe
• Pas bezpieczeństwa
• Pasek klinowy (wieloklinowy)
• Pasek rozrządu
• PCU - Power Control Unit
• PDC - Park Distance Control
• PDR (Paintless Dent Repair)
• Pedały bezpieczne
• Pencil coils
• Pirotechniczne napinacze pasów
• Płyn hamulcowy
• Płyta podłogowa
• Podgrzewana szyba przednia
• Podparcie lędźwiowe i boczne
• Podsterowność
• Poduszka kolanowa
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Adaptive Cruise Control: Everything You Need to Know

Learn how adaptive cruise control can transform your driving experience with enhanced safety, convenience, and efficiency.

What You Need to Know About Adaptive Cruise Control

Driving can be fun, but let’s be honest: long trips on busy highways are a grind. The constant need to adjust your speed, stay vigilant, and deal with traffic can turn even the most scenic route into a stressful ordeal. Enter adaptive cruise control (ACC) .

This marvel of modern engineering promises to revolutionize driving, making journeys smoother, safer, and, dare we say, enjoyable.

Key Takeaways

• Understand How ACC Works: Learn how adaptive cruise control uses sensors and radar to adjust your car’s speed based on traffic conditions.
• Enhance Safety and Comfort: Discover how ACC reduces driver fatigue, maintains safe distances, and prevents rear-end collisions on the road.
• Prepare for the Future: Explore how ACC is paving the way for fully autonomous driving with advanced features and integration.

Let’s examine the ACC’s nitty-gritty, shall we? Adaptive Cruise Control isn’t just a fancy add-on for your car; it’s a groundbreaking technology that blends convenience with safety and is designed to revolutionize your driving experience.

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Table of Contents

What is adaptive cruise control?

• How does it work?
• Benefits of adaptive cruise
• Sensors and radars
• Control algorithms
• Integration with other systems
• Collision avoidance
• Lane-keeping assistance
• Stop-and-go functionality
• Pros and cons of adaptive cruise control
• Common myths about adaptive cruise
• Future cruise technology
• Frequently asked questions
• Final thoughts

Understanding Adaptive Cruise Control

What is adaptive cruise control.

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is like regular cruise control but with a brain. Instead of maintaining a constant speed, ACC adjusts your car’s speed based on the traffic ahead. Radar and cameras can slow down your car if it detects a slower vehicle in front and speed up again when the road is clear. Think of it as cruise control on steroids.

How Does Adaptive Cruise Control Work?

ACC uses sensors, radars, and cameras to monitor the traffic around your vehicle. Here’s a simple breakdown:

• Sensors and Radars: Mounted on the front of the car, these detect the speed and distance of the vehicle ahead.
• Cameras: Help identify lane markings and obstacles.
• Control System: The car’s computer processes this data, adjusting the throttle and brakes accordingly.

Benefits of Adaptive Cruise Control

Adaptive cruise control isn’t just a fancy feature; it’s a game-changer. Here are some reasons why:

• Safety: Reduces the risk of rear-end collisions by maintaining a safe distance from the vehicle ahead.
• Comfort: Lessens driver fatigue on long journeys by handling speed adjustments.
• Fuel Efficiency: Optimizes speed and braking, leading to better fuel consumption.

The Mechanics Behind Adaptive Cruise Control

Sensors and radars.

The heart of ACC is its sensor and radar system. These components continuously scan the road ahead, ensuring your car maintains a safe distance from other vehicles. They work seamlessly, even in poor weather conditions.

Control Algorithms

Behind the scenes, complex algorithms are at play. These algorithms predict the movement of vehicles around you and adjust your car’s speed accordingly. It’s like having a mini-traffic controller in your vehicle.

Integration with Other Systems

ACC doesn’t work in isolation. It integrates with car systems like braking and engine control units (ECU). This integration ensures smooth and efficient operation, making your drive seamless.

Safety Features of Adaptive Cruise Control

Collision avoidance.

One of the primary safety benefits of ACC is collision avoidance. By maintaining a safe distance and automatically adjusting speed, ACC helps prevent rear-end collisions, among the most common types of accidents on highways.

Lane-Keeping Assistance

Some advanced ACC systems come with lane-keeping assistance. This feature ensures that your car stays within its lane, providing steering support if you begin to drift unintentionally. It’s like having a vigilant co-pilot.

Stop-and-Go Functionality

The stop-and-go feature is a lifesaver in heavy traffic. It allows your car to come to a complete stop when traffic halts and automatically resumes when traffic starts moving again. No more constant braking and accelerating—your car handles it for you.

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Pros and Cons of Adaptive Cruise Control

• Enhanced Safety: Reduced risk of collisions.
• Convenience: Less stress during long drives.
• Fuel Efficiency: Better fuel consumption through optimized driving.
• Cost: ACC can be pricey, especially in higher-end models.
• Learning Curve: It takes time to get used to the system.
• Dependency: Over-reliance on ACC might reduce driver attentiveness.

Common Myths About Adaptive Cruise Control

It replaces the driver.

One common misconception is that ACC can completely replace the driver. While it certainly aids driving, it doesn’t replace the need for an attentive driver. You still need to keep your hands on the wheel and be ready to take over at any moment.

It Only Works on Highways

Although ACC is most effective on highways, it’s not limited to them. Many systems are designed to work in various driving conditions, including city traffic. So, ACC has your back whether you’re on a long road trip or stuck in rush-hour traffic.

The Future of Adaptive Cruise Control

Integration with autonomous driving.

ACC is a step towards fully autonomous driving. As technology advances, we’ll likely see even more sophisticated systems requiring less human intervention. Who knows? Maybe one day, your car will drive you to work while you enjoy your morning coffee.

Enhanced Safety Features

Future ACC systems will likely have enhanced safety features, such as better pedestrian detection and response times. These advancements will make driving even safer and more convenient.

Adaptive cruise control is an advanced version that uses sensors and radar to adjust your car’s speed based on the traffic ahead.

How does adaptive cruise control enhance safety?

ACC enhances safety by maintaining a safe distance from the vehicle in front, reducing the risk of rear-end collisions, and sometimes integrating with lane-keeping assistance.

Can adaptive cruise control be used in city driving?

Many modern ACC systems are designed to work in various driving conditions, including city traffic and highways.

Is adaptive cruise control expensive?

ACC can increase a vehicle’s cost, especially in higher-end models, but many see it as a worthwhile investment for added safety and convenience.

Does adaptive cruise control replace the need for a driver?

No, ACC aids driving but does not replace the need for an attentive driver. You still need to monitor the road and be ready to take over if necessary.

What are the future developments for adaptive cruise control?

Future developments for ACC include better integration with autonomous driving technologies and enhanced safety features, such as improved pedestrian detection and faster response times.

Final Thoughts on Adaptive Cruise

Adaptive cruise control is a remarkable technology that makes driving safer, more comfortable, and more efficient. While it’s not a replacement for an attentive driver, it offers significant benefits that enhance the overall driving experience.

As technology continues to evolve, ACC will likely become even more advanced, bringing us closer to the era of fully autonomous vehicles.

So, the next time you’re on a long road trip, let ACC take some of the stress off your shoulders and enjoy the ride!

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Guide to Adaptive Cruise Control

How this convenience feature works to reduce your stress on long drives

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is like traditional cruise control, but smarter. ACC systems allow you to set a desired speed until your vehicle encounters slower-moving traffic. Then it will brake to maintain a set distance from the car ahead. Once the traffic starts moving again or if there is no longer a car in the lane ahead, ACC will accelerate to resume the previous set speed. Although ACC systems may take some getting used to, our survey respondents told us they appreciated the stress relief the feature brings.

“I use the feature mostly on the freeway and in stop-and-go traffic. I find it reduces tension and fatigue,” wrote a 2020 Subaru Outback owner. A 2018 Audi Q5 driver agreed. “It is so nice to just set it and let the car worry about the traffic,” they told CR.

The systems use lasers, radar, cameras, or a combination of those. If traffic slows to a stop, most ACC systems will bring the car to a complete stop, then bring it back up to speed when traffic gets going again. Others work only within certain speeds and/or might not start to accelerate automatically.

Adaptive cruise control (ACC): Cruise control that also assists with acceleration and/or braking to maintain a driver-selected gap to the vehicle in front. Some systems can come to a stop and continue while others cannot. If the car comes to a full stop, you may have to press the accelerator or a button on the steering wheel to start moving again.

Not all systems work at low speeds, so drivers who plan to use ACC in slow traffic should check the limitations of any system they plan to buy. These particular systems will often have the words “traffic jam” or “stop and go” in their name.

These features are usually activated using a button on the steering wheel with the image of a car next to a speedometer with an arrow pointing at it. A conventional cruise control system does not automatically keep a set distance away from the car in front, and it is indicated by a similar logo without the car next to the speedometer. A tip to know if your car has adaptive cruise control or regular cruise control is to look for the “gap distance” button, which usually shows a symbol of a car with horizontal distance bars in front. This button will determine how much space your car leaves between its front bumper and the rear of the car it is following.

In our most recent survey, we asked CR members to rate their experiences with the advanced safety and driver assistance systems on their model-year 2017 to 2022 cars. Respondents answered questions about their satisfaction with the systems. The survey covered about 47,000 vehicles. Most respondents told us they were “very satisfied” with ACC. Satisfaction was higher for older drivers.

OVERALL SATISFACTION

What to Look For in an Adaptive Cruise Control System

Every ACC system works slightly differently, says Kelly Funkhouser, manager for vehicle technology at CR. Some do a better job than others at recognizing merging traffic and automatically apply the brakes, while others wait too long to slow your car, requiring the driver to take control—especially when a vehicle in front of you cuts you off with a close merge.

“Most ACC systems can only be set to speeds above 20 mph but will slow the vehicle to speeds below that in stop-and-go traffic,” she says. “There are a few systems out there that don’t bring the car all the way to a stop but instead just shut off at low speeds. That can be dangerous when you’re traveling behind another slowing vehicle.” She recommends reading the automaker’s website closely and learning about the speed ranges before using ACC while on your test drive.

ACC is meant for convenience, not as a replacement for an alert driver, Funkhouser says. So don’t use adaptive cruise control as an excuse to get distracted. “Just because the car is controlling your speed doesn’t mean that you can check out,” she says. “These systems do not do well at detecting or slowing for vehicles ahead if you approach them at a high rate of speed. The driver should always be monitoring the surrounding traffic and looking ahead for potential hazards.”

Keith Barry

Keith Barry has been an auto reporter at Consumer Reports since 2018. He focuses on safety, technology, and the environmental impact of cars. Previously, he led home and appliance coverage at Reviewed; reported on cars for USA Today, Wired, and Car & Driver; and wrote for other publications as well. Keith earned a master’s degree in public health from Tufts University. Follow him on Twitter @itskeithbarry .

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What is adaptive cruise control?

It’s not a stretch to call cruise control one of the earliest driving aids. It wasn’t always electronic, and it certainly didn’t make your grandfather’s 1982 Cadillac Seville autonomous, but it was a revolutionary invention. (Although here’s a fun fact: Your grandfather’s Buick had the first infotainment system way back in 1986.)

What to look for in an adaptive cruise control system

What do automakers call adaptive cruise control, are there aftermarket adaptive cruise control systems, who does adaptive cruise control best.

Adaptive cruise control takes it to the next level. It maintains a set speed for your vehicle, like a conventional cruise control system, but it also adjusts the speed based on the traffic flow. Better systems can come you a full stop in heavy traffic and continue when congestion lightens. This technology can make cruise control more useful by taking some (but not all) of the workload off the driver. Here’s what it is, and how it works.

The concept is simple: Make the car accelerates and decelerates automatically depending on how quickly the cars around it are moving. The devil’s in the details, however.

To do it, a car must be equipped with sensors that allow it to detect nearby vehicles and potential obstacles. Most adaptive cruise control systems use radar, with high resolution radar on the horizon, although a camera and lidar (which works on the same principle as radar, but with light waves) can be used as well. You can often spot these cameras integrated into the grille or mounted behind the windshield. These sensors communicate with a computer that controls the throttle and, sometimes, the brakes and the steering system.

In its most basic form, adaptive cruise control technology only handles acceleration and deceleration, usually by following the car in front and maintaining a set following distance. Some automakers have started bundling this feature with a system that can bring the car to a full stop if needed, which comes in handy in a traffic jam, and/or one that provides a limited amount of steering assistance to keep the car centered in its lane.

Adaptive cruise control is at the center of the pile of electronic driving aids some automakers believe could form the basis of fully autonomous driving . We’re nowhere near autonomous cars, though, and it’s important not to mistake adaptive cruise control and other related technologies for full autonomy. These systems are designed to help the driver, not to drive the car themselves while the driver dozes off or counts blue cars going the other way.

Adaptive cruise control is sometimes known as dynamic radar cruise control or intelligent cruise control, and most automakers give the system brand names to make it more marketable. Regardless, the basic idea is that a car accelerates and decelerates automatically depending on how quickly the cars around it are moving.

BMW:  Active Cruise Control, Active Cruise Control with Stop and Go Cadillac: Super Cruise Honda and Acura:  Adaptive Cruise Control, Adaptive Cruise Control with Low-Speed Follow Hyundai:  Smart Cruise Control Kia:  Advanced Smart Cruise Control Mercedes-Benz:  Active Distance Assist Distronic Nissan and Infiniti: Intelligent Cruise Control, a part of Nissan’s ProPilot 2.0 system Subaru: Adaptive Cruise Control, Adaptive Cruise Control with Lane Centering, part of the brand’s EyeSight package Tesla: Autopilot Toyota and Lexus : Dynamic Cruise Control, Dynamic Cruise Control with Stop and Go

This is one technology that cannot easily be retrofitted to an existing car. The complexity of adaptive cruise control systems puts them beyond the reach of the aftermarket. Considering that these systems can mean the difference between a car driving along and a car smashing into the back of another vehicle, concerns over liability will probably keep adaptive cruise control firmly within the domain of the original equipment manufacturers for the time being.

Like systems available from other automakers, Cadillac’s Super Cruise  allows the car to accelerate, steer, and brake without driver intervention on highways. But Cadillac is the only automaker to specifically claim that drivers can take their hands off the wheel. That’s because Cadillac did a thorough job in setting up Super Cruise. Not only does the system rely on an array of cameras, radar, and lidar, but Cadillac also mapped 200,000 miles of highway. Super Cruise also has a driver-facing camera, and will only work if a certain level of driver alertness is maintained.

It’s too bad Super Cruise isn’t widely available, at least, not yet. Cadillac launched the system on its flagship CT6 sedan but has been slow to expand to other models. With the CT6 set to be discontinued, Cadillac finally announced that Super Cruise will be available on the CT4 and CT5 sedans when they go on sale in the coming months. Those sedans use a new electrical architecture that can support Super Cruise.

Subaru’s EyeSight system uses cameras instead of radar, bringing down its cost and making installation of the hardware a bit easier. EyeSight bundles adaptive cruise control with lane-keeping assist, a “pre-collision throttle management” feature that cuts the throttle ahead of an anticipated collision, and low-speed autonomous emergency braking. On some models, Subaru has also added a driver-facing camera to ensure the driver stays alert while these features are in use.

Mercedes-Benz

Mercedes offers one of the most comprehensive adaptive cruise control and driver-assistance suites of any automaker. Its latest Distronic Plus system can keep up with traffic, but also brake the car to a full stop in stop-and-go situations. The system will automatically resume driving if the car remains stopped for less than three seconds; longer stops require a tap of the accelerator pedal or of the cruise control’s “resume” button. A steering-assist feature helps keep the car centered in its lane, and certain versions of the system can initiate lane changes.

Tesla’s Autopilot system  has attracted its share of controversy, and the name is a bit misleading considering that a human driver must be kept in the loop, but it’s still one of the most advanced systems of its kind. In addition to following traffic and automatically keeping a car in its lane, Autopilot can execute lane changes with the flick of a turn signal, and negotiate some highway off-ramps. Tesla’s ability to pull data from cars using the system and launch over-the-air software updates means Autopilot has significant potential to improve over time.

It’s no surprise that an automaker obsessed with safety was an early adopter of adaptive cruise control. Volvo was also one of the first automakers to pair the technology with autonomous emergency braking, allowing a car to both automatically follow a vehicle in front and brake if it encounters an obstacle. Volvo’s latest Pilot Assist II system doesn’t need to track a vehicle ahead, can a keep a car centered in its lane, and can operate at speeds up to 80 mph.

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The regulator -- the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) -- said that it’s looking into “recent concerning incidents” involving self-driving Cruise cars operating on the city’s public roads.

General Motors-backed Cruise revealed this week that its fully driverless cars have now traveled more than a million miles, mostly on the streets of San Francisco.

The achievement comes just 15 months after the company’s first fully driverless ride, during which time it also launched San Francisco’s first paid driverless robotaxi service.

What is adaptive cruise control and how does it work?

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is an active safety system that automatically controls the acceleration and braking of a vehicle. It is activated through a button on the steering wheel and cancelled by driver’s braking and/or another button.

Adaptive cruise control automatically controls the acceleration and braking of a vehicle.

How adaptive cruise control works

By monitoring other vehicles and objects on the road, adaptive cruise control enables a safe and comfortable driving experience. It does so by helping the driver keep a steady vehicle speed at a given moment. The driver can set their preference regarding certain factors, such as the distance to the car in front, driving mode – for example, economical, sporty or comfortable – and others. Together with information about speed limits, road curvature, accidents data and more, these choices influence the automatically selected speed.

Cruise control has come a long way from its early days in its quest to assist drivers on the road. When first introduced, it was only found in luxury car models due to its high production cost. As less expensive sensors reached the market, adaptive cruise control is steadily becoming a standard feature in new vehicles today.

What is the difference between normal cruise control and adaptive cruise control?

The origins of normal cruise control go back to 1948, when Ralph Teetor invented the speedostat. Having greatly improved since, its focus on throttle control is still central to automation today. One example is automatically pressing the acceleration pedal, which enables drivers to take their foot off the pedal for a few moments when they are on a motorway with low traffic. The need to remain vigilant remains, so they can brake whenever required.

In the late 1990s, several carmakers started introducing a new generation of cruise control: adaptive cruise control. This technology relies on front radar to address the biggest limitation traditional cruise control had: the ability to correctly appreciate the speed of the vehicle in front.

This improvement significantly expanded the continuous operation time of the cruise control function, as automation allowed to control both the acceleration and braking of a vehicle. This allowed the driver to travel for longer distances with their feet off the pedal, even in moderate traffic situations on the motorway. Of course, the need for them to pay attention to the road ahead remained, as cars in front could still brake or suddenly cut in.

As drivers are getting more and more comfortable with using ACC while driving, the expectation for an even longer duration of continuous operation time for the system is rising. In turn, this puts pressure for it to be further improved. As new enhancements are made, the market is shifting to a new standard in ACC, called intelligent cruise control.

Intelligent speed assistance with the TomTom ADAS Map

What use cases are supported by modern adaptive cruise control?

The latest intelligent cruise control systems aim to tackle the entire journey, offloading the driver’s tasks whenever possible. Here are some of the most interesting use cases:

Stop & Go cruise control Traffic congestion is a real problem across the world. Major cities worldwide are faced with the challenge of optimizing their traffic networks. Even driving bumper to bumper at low speeds can result not only in discomfort for drivers, but also accidents. This is where Stop & Go cruise control can play a role. Operating similarly to adaptive cruise control on motorways, the difference is in slow-moving traffic, when it automatically stops or starts vehicle movement under driver supervision. The car will brake and accelerate on its own, while maintaining a safe distance from the vehicle in front.

Speed limit-aware cruise control One of the situations requiring ACC adjustment by the driver is when passing a speed limit sign. However, intelligent cruise control can automatically adjust the set speed to the newly detected speed limit, thanks to input from the traffic sign recognition system. This is done by fusing camera observation and map data to provide reliable speed restriction information.

Eco cruise control for fuel and EV capacity savings When in eco mode, cruise control adjusts the set speed so that the minimum amount of energy – whether electricity or fuel – is consumed during the journey. In a situation where a vehicle would go uphill, the system could drop the speed of the vehicle with 15-20%, in appreciation of the expected downhill speed gain shortly after. To be able to make such judgment, ACC relies on ADAS map data, specifically gradient information. Being able to rely on slope data means that the TomTom ADAS Map has been proven to provide between 5-10% fuel savings.

Cruise control in curves Especially on country roads and junctions, but also on motorways, the driver usually needs to correct the speed set by adaptive cruise control when facing bends and turns. Using curvature data from the ADAS Map, intelligent cruise control can eliminate human intervention by calculating the safe and comfortable speed for a given road segment. It does so by also considering specific vehicle dynamics. There is also ample opportunity for customization. When in sport mode, the system can cater to drivers with a sporty driving style and shows them the dynamic driving capabilities of the vehicle.

Turn-by-turn cruise control One of the most recent advancements in intelligent cruise control technology is the capability to automate acceleration and braking at highway exits, entrances, junctions and roundabouts. Even when a driver corrects the vehicle speed by braking, as soon as the pedal is released, the system resumes its activity and sets the speed according to the upcoming road feature it detects. For example, this can be a drivable profile through a roundabout. Map data is critical to this operation, as the system relies on insights based on traffic signs – stop, yield, traffic lights – and curvature at junction information.

Predictive adaptive cruise control to anticipate road hazards ahead When there is a road accident, a broken vehicle on the road or severe weather conditions such as icy roads, special caution when driving is required. Intelligent cruise control systems rely on the vehicle’s connectivity to obtain early warnings and adjust speed accordingly. The result is a safer and more comfortable journey for the driver and passengers.

Parking speed control The first and the last stage of a car journey with adaptive cruise control is always the same: controlling the speed when maneuvering in a parking or a driveway. To assist the driver in such a scenario, it is imperative to use additional sensing and very low speed. Currently, many ACC systems under development target not only self-parking, but also maneuvering through large parking lots.

Dynamic priority cruise control: an emerging technology The next step for modern adaptive cruise control systems is the ability to perceive and automatically handle changing traffic lights and other vehicles at junctions. Intelligent driving strategies that support this use case include priority negotiation and sensing a rapidly changing situation with high confidence. Of course, the driver can still observe the vehicle’s choices and intervene at any given moment.

Adaptive cruise control helps drivers adjust the speed of their vehicle.

The TomTom ADAS Map: designed for intelligent cruise control use cases

Intelligent cruise control use cases rely on data beyond sensors. The TomTom ADAS Map is designed for this purpose, providing a range of attributes that power modern ADAS systems.

Since it needs to meet the highest of expectations in terms of correctness as well as being up to date, the quality of map data is of utmost importance. This way, it can confidently fulfill ADAS use cases.

“ Around the world today, over one million SAE Level 1 and Level 2 automated vehicles use the TomTom ADAS Map – both private and commercial. Having doubled in less than one year, this number is bound to rise in the future. Tsjerk-Friso Roelfzema

The TomTom ADAS Map covers 5.5 million kilometers in 73 countries.

The TomTom ADAS Map includes the following attributes:

Gradient Enables predictive gear-shifting to optimize energy use.

Curvature on road Helps with driving strategy choices, such as selecting a safe speed for the upcoming bend.

Curvature at junction Helps with driving strategy choices at roundabouts and junctions, without cruise control cancellation (selecting a safe speed).

Traffic sign Helps with driving strategy choices, such as fuel-efficient slowing down ahead of an upcoming stop.

Speed restriction Helps with driving strategy choices, such as selecting a safe speed.

Lane at junction Complements the vision of the system's detections. Completes curvature data for wider roads.

The five levels of autonomous driving

Bosch and TomTom

Bosch has developed several ADAS functions relying on TomTom ADAS Map data services for intelligent cruise control, upcoming curve alerts and jam tail warnings. All these are critical components for car manufacturers developing the latest standard in automated driving systems.

What is the future of adaptive cruise control?

The benefits of adaptive cruise control make it a worthwhile technology to continue investing in. It provides longitudinal control of a vehicle, such as acceleration and braking. Increasingly, it can be combined with steering assist technology like lane centering for automated lane changes. The longitudinal and lateral control systems working together leads to autonomous driving, the next mobility revolution, which is expected to evolve rapidly over the next decade.

TomTom creates technologies for a moving world that supports all levels of autonomous driving. To learn more about how the ADAS Map is already powering automated vehicles on the road today, download the product sheet.

Want to learn more? Download the TomTom ADAS Map product sheet.

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Cruise control and adaptive cruise control: the complete guide

Cruise control is a great extra to have if you do regular motorway journeys, while adaptive cruise control arguably makes even more sense.

What is cruise control? Cruise control is an electronic system that automatically regulates a car's speed without the driver having to keep their foot on the accelerator. That's the simple answer, but today car manufacturers are adding ever-more advanced cruise control systems to their models, all designed to make driving easier and safer, while many of the newer technologies are on the first tentative steps towards autonomous vehicles .

Once upon a time, cruise control was the preserve of high-end luxury cars, but as the technology has become more affordable, car makers have rolled it out on more mainstream models. Today, you can get it on even the smallest city cars , while other models get a proprietary speed limited system that requires a bit more input from the driver.

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Elsewhere, the progress of technology means that car makers have been able to develop adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems that can vary a car's speed according to traffic, while the most advanced systems are on the steps towards fully autonomous driving.

Here we explain how cruise control works and break down the different kinds of system on offer, highlighting their advantages and limitations, so you can decide if it's an option that's worth ticking on your next new car purchase.

Cruise control history

Cruise control can trace its origins back to the 17th and 18th century, when engineers developed 'speed control' systems for steam engines. These mechanical systems were adapted by some early automobile makers at the start of the 20th century, although the predecessor to modern cruise control didn't appear until the 1950s.

The first car to feature cruise control was a 1958 Imperial, which was Chrysler's luxury division. Called 'Auto-pilot', the system was mechanical and was connected to the engine propshaft. It had a dial on the dashboard to preselect a speed and an electric motor that adjusted throttle position to maintain it.

US firm American Motors produced a budget version of cruise control for its automatic cars in 1965, but cruise control really took off in the US during the oil crisis of 1973. Manufacturers had developed electronic cruise control systems by this time, and these makers promoted the benefits of the system as it delivered constant throttle inputs, rather than the erratic flexing of the driver's right foot for improved fuel economy.

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Cruise control found popularity in the US first because of that nation's fondness of automatic gearboxes, long travelling distances and the relatively straight and wide highway network. In Europe, cruise control took a little longer to gain a foothold, but like the US, it first appeared on high-end luxury cars before filtering its way down to more mainstream models.

The first adaptive cruise control (ACC) system appeared in Japan in the early 1990s, although the first systems simply warned the driver of slower traffic ahead, and didn't control the car's throttle or brakes.

The first proper ACC system was Mercedes ' Distronic system, which appeared on the S-Class limousine in 1999. This system not only controlled the throttle, but also the brakes to maintain a set distance to the vehicle in front.

Since then, car makers have embraced ACC, and it can be found on superminis , hatchbacks and sports cars , while the rising level of traffic on our roads means it's arguably a more useful feature than standard cruise control on its own, as it can adjust speed according to traffic flow.

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How does cruise control work?

Modern cruise control systems are integrated into a car's electronics, and are often combined with additional tech, such as lane departure warning and blind spot sensors. With standard cruise control, you need to select cruise mode via a switch, then accelerate to your desired speed, and press a button – either on the steering wheel or on a lever on the steering column - to set that speed.

The car's electronics then maintain your selected speed, so you can take your foot of the accelerator. On some cars you can adjust your speed via a button, and the car will automatically change its speed accordingly.

On a car with adaptive cruise control (ACC), you switch on the system, then you can raise or lower your speed as desired, and the car will accelerate to that set speed. These systems use either radar or laser sensors to maintain a set distance to the car in front, and they also have the ability to increase or decrease that distance as required.

To deactivate cruise control, you simply press a button to regain control of the throttle. However, one important safety feature that all of these systems are required to have is that the system will immediately deactivate if the car's brakes are applied. On cars with a manual gearbox, pressing the clutch pedal will sometimes have the same effect, although not all cars behave in the same way. Most cars will have a memory function, so that you can resume the same speed after the brakes have been applied.

Earlier cruise control systems would have a lower speed threshold of around 20-30mph where cruise control couldn't be activated, and some manufacturers still maintain this set-up. However, some of the latest ACC systems also incorporate a traffic function, so they can operate in stop-start conditions.

Cruise control types

Essentially there are four types of cruise control on offer, ranging from the most basic speed limiter to systems that can negotiate stop-start traffic and even change lanes. We look at the benefits and disadvantages of each below.

Speed limiter

What is it? The most basic form of cruise control. There are systems that can be hard-wired into a vehicle to limit its top speed (a 70mph limit in vans, for example), or there are driver-activated systems. You can set a maximum speed for your vehicle, but you maintain control of the car's accelerator at all times. When you approach your set maximum, the car will simply stop accelerating. This will usually happen softly, so you'll barely notice.

Found on: Citroen, Ford, Nissan, Peugeot, Renault, vans, can be added aftermarket, too. Advantages: Helps you stick to speed limits, saves fuel. Disadvantages: Driver has to continue using the throttle to maintain speed.

Cruise control

What is it? Standard cruise control is a fairly common feature on new cars. You turn the system on (usually indicated by a graphic on the dashboard), then once you're up to your desired speed, you press a button to set it, and the car maintains that speed.

Found on: Most mainstream new cars, except for the most basic trims. Advantages: Takes strain out of long drives, more fuel efficient than using the accelerator manually, helps you stick to speed limits. Disadvantages: Driver has to take over when traffic slows, only worth using on clear motorways.

Adaptive cruise control

What is it? Either a radar or laser-based system that can maintain speed, but reduces speed if the gap to the car in front falls below a preset distance. This constitutes Level One automation on the automated vehicle classification chart, as they driver is required to take control at any time. 

Found on: Assorted BMW, Fiat group, Ford, JLR, Lexus, Mercedes, VW Group models, and increasing in use by other makers. Advantages: Adjusts speed according to traffic, takes strain out of long drives, helps fuel efficiency. Disadvantages: Sensors can be 'blinded' in bad weather, electronics can be slow to react to sudden traffic slowing, distance to the car in front can be big enough to tempt other drivers to cut in front of you, sometime systems are jerky when changing speed.

Semi-autonomous cruise control

The latest hi-tech cruise control systems are one step closer to the fully autonomous self-driving car, and are classed as Level 2 automation. This means the automation can control the throttle, brakes and steering, but the driver still needs to intervene if the systems fail to detect objects. Semi-autonomous systems can vary in sophistication, and can help with steering inputs, move in stop-start traffic, or even change lanes on the motorway with the flick of an indicator, or adjust the car's speed according to GPS data and road sign recognition cameras. 

Found on: Audi A3 /A8/Q7, BMW 7 Series , Mercedes S-Class , Volvo XC90 Advantages: Takes strain out of driving and traffic jams, helps fuel consumption. Disadvantages: Sensors need to be kept clear for it to work, too easy for driver to 'switch off' and lose concentration.

Do you have cruise control or adaptive cruise control on your car? Do you use it? Let us know what you think of the technology in the comments...

Dean has been part of the Auto Express team for more than 20 years, and has worked across nearly all departments, starting on magazine production, then moving to road tests and reviews. He's our resident van expert, but covers everything from scooters and motorbikes to supercars and consumer products.

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Tempomat aktywny (adaptacyjny) - co to jest i jak go używać?

Kategoria: poradniki.

Aktywny tempomat (Adaptive Cruise Control) to rozbudowana wersja zwykłego tempomatu. Ten system coraz częściej występuje w nowych samochodach. W tym artykule dowiesz się, jak działa tempomat aktywny oraz jakie są jego wady i zalety. Odpowiemy na najczęściej zadawane pytania o aktywny tempomat.

Czym jest aktywny (adaptacyjny) tempomat?

Adaptive/Active Cruise Control to rodzaj inteligentnego tempomatu, który sam redukuje prędkość w przypadku napotkania przed sobą przeszkody.

Do swego działania potrzebuje radaru, który jest montowany na przednim grillu lub zderzaku. Radar mierzy, jaki dystans dzieli nasze auto od pojazdu przed nami. Przekazuje te informacje do sterownika, który dostosowuje prędkość pojazdu tak, by cały czas zachowywał bezpieczną odległość od poprzedzającego auta.

Kierowca może ustawić minimalny dystans, jaki chce zachować od auta, za którym jedzie. ACC sam przyhamuje samochód, jeśli ten za bardzo zbliży się do pojazdu przed naszym autem. Gdy auto przed nami przyspieszy, nasz tempomat również przyspieszy.

Jak działa tempomat adaptacyjny?

Jeśli masz auto z ACC, ważne, byś zrozumiał, jak działa ten system i jakie ma ograniczenia. Z grubsza tempomat aktywny działa podobnie, jak ten zwykły. Rozpędzasz się do żądanej prędkości, naciskasz przycisk “set” i używasz przycisków “plus”, “minus” do regulacji.

ACC różni się jednak tym, że sam zwalnia, by zachować bezpieczny dystans od pojazdu przed tobą. Dystans ten wybierasz ty, poprzez wybór jednego z kilku ustawień. Wideo poniżej wyjaśnia, jak działa tempomat aktywny.

W przypadku, gdy pojazd przed tobą zwalnia, twoje auto także zwolni, by utrzymać ustawioną wcześniej bezpieczną odległość. Kiedy już przyspieszy, Twoje auto również przyspieszy do ustawionej prędkości.

Jeśli auto przed tobą zwolni poniżej prędkości obsługiwanej przez twój tempomat (często jest to 30 km/h), twoje auto również zwolni i jednocześnie wyśle ci ostrzeżenie dźwiękowe, byś to ty całkowicie je zatrzymał. Niektóre systemy samodzielnie wyhamują twój pojazd.

Czy aktywny tempomat jest bezpieczny?

Aktywny tempomat jest bezpieczny. Kierowca powinien jednak podczas jazdy cały czas czuwać i mieć kontrolę nad autem. Producenci podkreślają, że ACC i podobne mu systemy powinny być używane jako wspomagacze, a nie zastępstwo zdrowego rozsądku.

Po co korzystać z aktywnego tempomatu?

To po prostu wygodne. ACC przydaje się w szczególności na zatłoczonych autostradach i ekspresówkach, gdzie prędkość jazdy co chwilę się zmienia. Niektóre systemy ACC w połączeniu z funkcją Stop & Go potrafią zatrzymywać pojazd i ponownie nim ruszać. Jest to wygodne w korkach.

Kolejną zaletą aktywnego tempomatu jest bezpieczeństwo. Radar pilnuje, by twoje auto nie wjechało w przeszkodę znajdującą się przed tobą. ACC może zapobiec kolizji, gdy ty się zagapisz. Niektóre systemu monitorują też prędkość auta znajdującego się za nami, ostrzegając, że zbliża się zbyt szybko.

Rodzaje aktywnych tempomatów

Obecnie prawie wszystkie adaptacyjne tempomaty korzystają z radaru. Istnieją też tempomaty laserowe, choć rzadko się z nich korzysta z powodu licznych wad (słabo działają przy niekorzystnej pogodzie, nie rozpoznają brudnych samochodów).

Można wyróżnić trzy rodzaje tempomatów:

• Działające w określonych prędkościach - działają przy prędkościach np. od 30 km/h do 180 km/h. Oznacza to, że nie można z nich korzystać w korku. Gdy auto zwolni poniżej 30 km/h, tempomat wyłącza się, wysyła ostrzeżenie dźwiękowe i to kierowca musi wyhamować do 0.
• Działające w całym zakresie prędkości - taki tempomat potrafi zatrzymać auto do 0, ale sam już nie rusza. Musi być ponownie aktywowany poprzez naciśnięcie pedału gazu.
• Stop & Go - działa w całym zakresie prędkości. Dodatkowo, po pełnym zatrzymaniu samodzielnie rozpędza auto do zadanej prędkości. Kierowca nie musi niczego przyciskać. Taki tempomat sam hamuje i sam rusza.

Adaptacyjny (aktywny) tempomat a manualna skrzynia biegów

W samochodach z manualną skrzynią biegów aktywny tempomat to mało przydatne rozwiązanie. Można sobie łatwo wyobrazić sytuację, w której tempomat zwolni na autostradzie do 50 km/h, a kierowca nie zdąży w tym czasie zmienić biegu ani wcisnąć sprzęgła. W tym wypadku zgaśnie silnik, co może prowadzić do niebezpiecznej sytuacji. Do aktywnego tempomatu niezbędna więc jest automatyczna skrzynia biegów.

Jakie dodatkowe funkcje można znaleźć w tempomacie aktywnym?

Rozpoznawanie znaków - Inteligentny tempomat potrafi rozpoznać znak ograniczenia prędkości i zmniejszyć zadaną przez nas maksymalną prędkość do maksymalnej przepisowej. W takim systemie ACC współpracuje z kamerami oraz nawigacją.

Tryb Eco - system potrafi dostosować prędkość tak, by auto zużywało jak najmniej paliwa (lub prądu). Przykład - auto wjeżdża pod górkę z prędkością niższą o 20% od ustawionej, a zjeżdża z wyższą o 20% od ustawionej.

Dostosowanie prędkości na zakrętach - w większości tempomatów, nawet aktywnych, kierowca musi sam zmniejszyć ustawioną prędkość w przypadku dojeżdżania do zbyt ostrych zakrętów. Niektóre inteligentne tempomaty pobierają dane z map i samodzielnie oceniają bezpieczną prędkość, z jaką auto powinno wchodzić w dany zakręt. Część z nich korzysta też z czujników oceniających warunki pogodowe.

Dostosowanie prędkości przy zjazdach i rondach - system ten korzysta z map i automatycznie zwalnia na zjazdach z autostrady czy ekspresówki oraz na rondach. Dane są pobierane z map.

Przewidujący system - system łączy się z internetem i sam zmniejsza prędkość, gdy otrzyma informację o wypadku na drodze, zepsutym aucie na poboczu, czy w przypadku złych warunków pogodowych, np. przy oblodzonej jezdni.

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How Adaptive Cruise Control Can Help Keep You More Serene

The technology is no substitute for staying alert, awake, experts say.

Linda Dono,

In this story

Extra eyes are useful • Cameras serve two purposes • What’s adaptive cruise control? • Reduce impulse to speed • Combat drowsy driving • Not always safer

When I bought a crossover SUV  a little more than five years ago, I wanted cameras in front to help detect obstacles in the road as well as the now-standard backup cameras.

I was fresh off an accident , and I wasn’t thinking about cruise control. My previous lower and more compact hatchback had run over a sign on a foggy morning — a sign that some bigger vehicle had knocked off its perch in a median and onto the roadway. I didn’t see it until too late.

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The twisted metal had enough height to impale my oil pan, and I couldn’t drive forward or backward. A groggy driver soon ran into the good Samaritan who had stopped behind me and added a second injury to the rear of my little car that ultimately totaled it. (Neither I nor the nice man was hurt, but I still wince at what happened to his car. I’ve lost his contact information and never thanked him properly.)

A car’s cameras  can have a second use

But those same cameras and sometimes radar and lidar that can warn about debris and stopped vehicles before a driver sees them — known as forward collision warning systems — also make a different kind of cruise control possible than what existed when I was 16. Although automakers use various names, the feature that has trickled down to moderately priced cars in the past five years is generically called adaptive cruise control .

“It can be really helpful for older Americans,” says Abigail Bassett, a journalist who has covered technology and the automotive industry for more than 10 years. “It takes some of the stress of driving in traffic away.”

I’ve long been a lover of stick shifts and hadn’t used a standard cruise control for years. In my return to an automatic transmission car, I didn’t realize I had the new feature until about a year ago. More than 60 percent of the 2023 cars, light trucks, SUVs and vans had adaptive cruise control installed, almost triple from 2017, according to Wards Intelligence, an auto technology research company headquartered in Southfield, Michigan.

At Consumer Reports, Kelly Funkhouser, associate director of vehicle technology, says that 89 percent of the models out last year had adaptive cruise control available. Only the base trim models didn’t offer it.

“If [buyers] end up getting adaptive cruise control, 90 percent of the people report they are using it and they report high satisfaction,” she says. Chances are good that your future new car will have it.

The way you turn the control on varies by vehicle.

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What is adaptive cruise control?

Cruise control makes driving long distances easier, but the more crowded the road, the more often you’ll have to tap the brakes to slow down. Adaptive cruise control uses the sensors in the collision detection system and the automatic emergency braking technology that often accompanies it to scan the road ahead.

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If a driver in front of you is going slower than your set speed, a car with adaptive cruise control will automatically slow down to ensure you stay a safe distance away. When you change lanes or the traffic ahead clears, your car resumes its cruising speed.

The idea is to keep a safe driving distance between you and the vehicle in front, so your car won’t need to use its automatic emergency braking to keep you from a collision. It doesn’t mean you have a self-driving car , but your new car is probably smarter than one you had a decade ago — and certainly smarter than my father’s Oldsmobile, a 2000 Intrigue that I inherited about 15 years ago.

Cruise control reduces the inclination to speed

Adaptive cruise control is useful if you tend to depress the accelerator a little too much, as I found myself doing on a drive alone in 2023 through a flat and sparsely populated part of the Navajo Nation in northeast Arizona. The police officer coming toward me on that two-lane road discovered my lead foot.

Driving down drowsiness

In 2021, 684 people were killed in crashes involving a drowsy driver, representing 1.6 percent of all motor vehicle traffic crash fatalities, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reports. Several companies, including Audi, Tesla, Mercedes and Volvo, have systems that will sound an alert if you appear to be dozing off — even with your eyes open.

Surveilling your vehicle, you.  Some systems monitor your vehicle’s movements, factoring in steering wheel angle, lane deviation and the amount of time you’ve been driving. Other systems, like Tesla’s, use cabin-facing cameras to watch you for signs of sleepiness, such as yawns and rapid blinks. If the car thinks you’re drowsy, it will suggest you pull over to grab a cup of coffee or stretch. 

Safety-minded older adults.  Yet older drivers might be the best monitors of their own sleepiness. Data from the National Sleep Foundation noted that only 19 percent of people 65 and older are likely to drive drowsy, compared with 71 percent of drivers age 18 to 29 and 52 percent of 30- to 64-year-olds.

I didn’t want to get into that predicament again. So I found a safe place to pull over, got out my car’s manual and looked for the cruise control instructions. That’s when I discovered my car had adaptive cruise control and I started my experiment with it, following cars that slowed at stoplights in small communities and sped up on the open road for the 300 or so miles to Los Alamos, New Mexico.

I still test it on crowded U.S. 50 into work and congested Interstate 81 in southwest Virginia. And here’s what I’ve learned in 15 months of using adaptive cruise control nearly every time I drive.

My average miles per gallon have increased by about two in the past year because I’m letting the onboard computer do the braking and a lot of the accelerating. But it’s not a substitute for being alert.

My version of adaptive cruise control must be tapped to resume after every stop. Sometimes when rounding corners, it doesn’t see another car soon enough, which causes some white-knuckle moments for my husband when he’s in the passenger seat.

It can approach a stopped car too fast. It won’t brake when a school bus extends its arm on the other side of the road. It doesn’t know the speed limit in a residential area and can’t sense speed bumps.

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Consider it a tool more than a fail-safe

“Everything we’re seeing tells us that partial automation is a convenience feature, like power windows or heated seats, rather than a safety technology,” says President David Harkey of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. His nonprofit educational organization, supported by auto insurers, released a study in July with the Highway Loss Data Institute looking at the crash rates of Nissan Rogues from 2017 to 2019 and BMWs from 2013 to 2017.

Consumer Reports ’ Funkhouser, who has been part of her nonprofit’s vehicle testing program for more than six years, wants to emphasize that all these features — adaptive cruise control, another one called lane centering that keeps your vehicle from drifting, and emergency braking — have more benefits than preventing crashes.

“I sometimes hear the sentiment of ‘Why do I need these fancy features?’ ” she says. “But who doesn’t want a second set of eyes to help you?”

Her concern with the safety features is when someone tries to use them as if they have a self-driving car. With lane centering and adaptive cruise control together, you’re not in control of a lot of driving-related tasks anymore, she says. But you still must pay attention to the road.

“They’re not meant to replace a driver but to make driving easier and less stressful,” Funkhouser says.

Adaptive cruise control and its partners in driver assistance have saved my bacon a couple of times in Washington, most recently when streets around the White House and Capitol were blocked for NATO’s 75th anniversary. Wide rivers of drivers were condensed into one lane, and maneuvering was almost a contact sport. I came out unscathed after a more than two-hour commute, most of it spent in the 2.5 mile stretch between the Potomac River and the office.

C ontributing: Chris Morris and Lexi Pandell

Linda Dono is an executive editor for AARP. Previously, she served as a reporter and editor for USA Today , Gannett News Service and newspapers in four states, including The Cincinnati Enquirer .

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What is adaptive cruise control (acc).

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is an intelligent driver assistance feature that works as an enhancement to traditional cruise control. Using a system of advanced sensors such as radar and cameras, ACC determines the speed and conditions of surrounding traffic and automatically adjusts cruising speed to maintain a safe distance within the flow of traffic. Many ACC systems can also recognize sudden changes in traffic conditions and alert the driver to take action to prevent a crash. 

Depending on vehicle manufacturer and the system itself, any number of other terms might be used interchangeably with Adaptive Cruise Control, including: 

• Active Cruise Control
• Dynamic Cruise Control
• Automatic Cruise Control
• Intelligent Cruise Control
• Smart Cruise Control
• Radar Cruise Control

How does Adaptive Cruise Control Work?

ACC uses a set of intelligent sensors including radar, lidar, lasers, GPS, and cameras. These sensors are placed around a vehicle’s exterior to monitor the road and nearby vehicles. Gathering real-time data on the distance away and speed of the vehicle in front, these sensors allow the ACC system to adjust the car’s speed as-needed. Typically, the driver sets their desired cruising speed when they engage ACC on the highway. The system then automatically accelerates and decelerates to stay at a safe distance from other cars within the flow of traffic. 

Much like using traditional cruise control, activating ACC is intentionally simple so that a driver can easily use it while keeping their eyes safely on the road. Generally, the dedicated ACC button or switch is located on the steering wheel or control panel. Pressing or toggling this mechanism allows the driver to set their initial cruising speed. In some systems, drivers can also set their desired following distance. 

While operating, certain ACC systems can take extra measures for safety and convenience purposes:

• Maintaining a particular distance from vehicles ahead
• Making complete stops in traffic and restarting from a complete stop when traffic resumes
• Remaining engaged at low speeds in city traffic
• Anticipating and automatically slowing around upcoming curves
• Adjusting to posted speed limits as they change

Once in operation, the ACC system remains working until the driver disengages by either pressing the brake pedal or manually deactivating the system using the dedicated switch or button. Sometimes, ACC will use visual and audio cues to alert the driver to brake if it detects a possible collision ahead. In these instances, the driver must then re-engage the system once traffic resumes.

Benefits of Adaptive Cruise Control

Some of the benefits of adaptive cruise control include creating a more relaxed driving experience, particularly during long road trips and on highways, thanks to the system’s ability to adjust automatically to traffic speed variations and road conditions. Additionally, ACC encourages safe driving practices and helps reduce crash risk by monitoring following distance and alerting the driver or intervening if a vehicle is quickly approaching. Drivers using ACC may also see improved fuel efficiency, especially on the highway, since the system helps maintain an even speed and reduces unnecessary acceleration and braking.

Advanced Adaptive Cruise Control in Subaru Vehicles

The Subaru application of ACC is known as Advanced Adaptive Cruise Control. This feature functions seamlessly as part of our EyeSight ® Driver Assist technology —a comprehensive suite of safety features designed to enhance the driving experience. Nearly all Subaru models and trims come standard with EyeSight and Advanced Adaptive Cruise Control, including some of our most popular models like the Outback , Forester , Crosstrek , and Impreza . EyeSight is an available feature on our performance sports models with automatic transmissions, including the WRX and the BRZ , as well as those with manual transmissions. 

Complementing its active cruise control functionality, EyeSight includes additional advanced features including Pre-Collision Braking and Throttle Management, Automatic Emergency Steering, Lane Centering, and Lane Departure Assist designed to help keep drivers safer. In particular, Lane Departure Assist and Lane Centering monitor lane markings and can help assist drivers with steering to avoid accidental drifting into another lane. The advanced ACC sensors can also recognize another driver approaching and adjust your vehicle’s placement within the lane to create a safer distance on all sides. 

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Advanced adaptive cruise control is a useful feature that can help make driving easier, smoother, and safer. Explore Subaru Vehicles equipped with the full suite of EyeSight features today!

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Adaptive Cruise Control: What is ACC in ADAS?

• June 3, 2021

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What is ACC in ADAS?

When it comes to cars, ACC stands for Adaptive Cruise Control. In a Consumer Reports survey , 85 percent of drivers with Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) on their vehicles said they were very satisfied with it. What’s more, 19 percent said their ACC system helped to avoid a crash.

Standard cruise control has been around since the 1950s . Adaptive cruise control has been in development since the 1990s . Mercedes was the first automaker to bring ACC to the U.S. market in 1999 . Twenty years later, automakers are still working to improve their cruise control offerings. In the meantime, ACC technology has become one of the building blocks of autonomous driving.

In this article, we will explain adaptive cruise control and how it works, provide examples of ACC features in ADAS packages, and explain the importance of adaptive cruise control calibration.

What is Adaptive Cruise Control?

Adaptive cruise control or Active Cruise Control (ACC) is an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) that automatically adjusts a vehicle’s speed when there are slow-moving vehicles ahead, with the aim of maintaining a safe following distance. When the road ahead is clear, ACC automatically accelerates to your pre-set speed. Adaptive cruise control is ideal for highway speeds.

ACC is a major component and precursor of fully autonomous vehicles. According to SAE , Driving Automation Level 1 driver support features provide steering OR brake/acceleration to the driver while the jump to Level 2 requires features that provide both steering AND brake/acceleration to the driver. On its own, ACC is a Level 1, but when combined with another driver assist feature that steers, your vehicle reaches Level 2 on the Driving Automation scale – a step closer to fully autonomous driving .

As a foundation of autonomous driving, ACC has the capability of reducing driver stress and radically improving driver safety. A study from the Highway Loss Data Institute studied insurance claims data from 2013-2017 BMW vehicles to see how ADAS affected collision, damage, and injury rates. The BMW Driving Assistance package added ACC to the following ADAS: Forward Collision Warning , Lane Departure Warning , Front Automatic Emergency Braking . With the addition of ACC, this package reduced the rates of property damage by 27 percent and bodily injury claim rates by 37 percent.

How does Adaptive Cruise Control work?

Just as with traditional cruise control, the adaptive cruise control system requires drivers to choose their preferred speed. Next, ACC requires drivers to set their preferred following distance from the vehicle’s pre-set options. Many have close, medium, and far selections to toggle between.

Sensors Used in Adaptive Cruise Control

Vehicles with adaptive cruise control use ACC sensor data to tell your car’s speed, distance from other vehicles, and the speed of vehicles ahead of you. There are many types of adaptive cruise control technology. The following types of sensors have all been used for ACC:

• Laser (Lidar)

Most (but not all) current forms of this ADAS use radar as their main source of information. A radar sensor mounted in the front of the vehicle is used to analyze the road ahead. It does this by emitting radio waves and measuring how long they take to return to the ACC sensor. A few internal calculations and your vehicle can tell the car’s distance and speed. Data from the radar distance sensors and the vehicle speed sensors are used to adjust your speed and keep your car a set distance from the one ahead of you.

ACC System Versions and Commonly Bundled ADAS

Most automakers have their own version of adaptive cruise control. Not everyone uses the same names for their ACC system. Here are a few industry terms that are all different names for ACC:

• Dynamic cruise control
• Intelligent cruise control
• Radar cruise control
• Radar adaptive cruise control
• Dynamic laser cruise control
• Autonomous cruise control
• Smart cruise control
• Dynamic radar cruise control

ACC with Stop & Go, Traffic Jam

Beyond the similar naming, there are several different features that adaptive cruise control is often bundled with to provide sensor fusion. One example of this is a feature called ACC with Stop and Go or ACC with Traffic Jam Assist. This adds the ability to come to a complete stop via automatic braking and then re-accelerate to the car’s set speed as traffic moves. All the while, data from sensors is used to keep a set, safe distance from cars ahead when you encounter heavy traffic.

Because it’s not an autonomous car, those with stop and go capabilities will only “go” again within three seconds if traffic flow allows. If it’s longer than three seconds, driver action is needed to re-engage the system.

ACC + Forward Collision Warning & Automatic Braking

Forward Collision Warning and Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) advanced driver assistance systems are often combined with ACC to provide audible alerts, instrument panel alerts, and tactile warnings of a forward collision risk, then automatic braking to prevent or mitigate damage from a collision.

ACC + Lane Centering

Adaptive Cruise Control works well with others. As previously mentioned, when adaptive cruise control is combined with an ADAS with steering capabilities like lane centering and proactive lane keeping assist systems, your car is considered a Level 2 on the SAE autonomous driving scale — meaning that the vehicle can accelerate, decelerate, and steer on its own — under very specific conditions, including initiation speed and weather. While it’s a step up in terms of driving automation, for safety, a human driver is still required to supervise constantly, including steering, braking, or accelerating.

ACC + GPS or Traffic Sign Recognition

Some ACC systems offer advanced traffic sign recognition , while others utilize GPS speed limit data. These optional ACC features help to combat the use of ACC technology to speed.

4 Examples of Adaptive Cruise Control

There are many different flavors of ACC. Names, tech, and bundled features make the automotive landscape — dotted with endless features, diverse names, and function variations — a bit tricky to navigate. To help you recognize ACC features, here are four automaker examples.

Ford Adaptive Cruise Control

Ford is one example of an automaker with adaptive cruise control. Here’s how Ford’s describes its system and capabilities:

“Available on select Ford vehicles is a series of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) features employing advanced radar and camera technology. ACC lets you set a cruising speed and distance from the vehicle ahead of you. When it slows down, you automatically do too; when traffic picks back up, you resume your preset speed and distance. Then comes ACC with Stop-and-Go, which enables you to come to a complete stop when the vehicle ahead stops. Now add Lane Centering, which scans the lane markings to help you stay in your lane if the system detects you’re drifting out of it. And that’s not all. Now there’s Intelligent Adaptive Cruise Control, which includes all of these features plus new Speed Sign Recognition that can automatically adjust the set speed of your vehicle to the posted speed limit.”

Honda Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) with Low-Speed Follow

In the Honda Sensing ADAS package, the automaker offers ACC on many 2021 models with what it calls Low Speed Follow. Here’s how Honda describes it :

“Cruising on the open highway has never been easier! Honda’s Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) with Low-Speed Follow lets you set your cruise speed and interval behind a vehicle detected ahead, and then maintains that interval by braking your vehicle or applying the throttle.  And the Low-Speed Follow function can bring your vehicle to a complete stop when a vehicle detected ahead slows to a stop, and it lets you resume operation by pressing a button or the accelerator.”

Hyundai Smart Cruise control (SCC) with Stop & Go

Hyundai offers adaptive cruise control, including on the Santa Fe. Here’s how the automaker describes it :

“While traveling at a speed set by you, it uses radar to maintain a safe distance from the car ahead. When the system slows the vehicle to a stop, it will reactivate if the vehicle in front moves within 3 seconds.”

Hyundai also offers Highway Driving Assist that works together with Smart Cruise Control. Here’s how Hyundai describes this feature :

“Your “co-pilot” for highway driving, when actively engaged with Smart Cruise Control or Lane Following Assist, this smart convenience automatically helps keep you centered in your lane and traveling at a safe distance behind the car ahead. Not only that, it also can keep you driving at the right speeds, automatically setting your pace based on GPS and highway data.”

Subaru EyeSight Adaptive Cruise Control

As part of Subaru’s Eyesight Driver Assist Technology Package, ACC is standard on many of the brand’s 2021 models and optional on the rest. It uses dual forward-facing color cameras mounted near the rearview mirror. Here’s how Subaru describes its ACC system in a promotional video :

“With adaptive cruise control, eyesight can help you stay with the flow of traffic. When you set cruise control, you can select from up to four present following distances. EyeSight watches ahead and if it detects traffic is slowing, adaptive cruise control adjusts your speed accordingly to keep your selected distance. Once traffic starts moving faster, it can automatically accelerate back up to your set speed. It can even work in stop-and-go traffic.

For some, it’s less worry about adjusting cruise control. For others, it’s like having an extra set of eyes on the road.”

Adaptive Cruise Control Limitations

Drivers should know that they are responsible for what happens when they are behind the wheel. Every company makes sure to include an asterisk and notice that drivers are still needing to be actively engaged in driving. Some drivers are using ACC to speed . A study of 40 drivers by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) found that they were more likely to speed when equipped with ACC.

ACC works well in clear day and night driving, and in light weather. However, if there is fog, heavy rain, or snow, it won’t work. Additionally, if dirt, snow, or ice are on the sensors, they won’t work. ACC also has trouble on winding roads.

With or without ACC, it’s important to always leave more space during poor driving conditions, including inclement weather.

Adaptive Cruise Control Calibration

ACC is one of the most common ADAS features in vehicles today. Like other ADAS systems, ACC needs to have sensors recalibrated after a collision and many vehicle services like windshield replacement . ADAS calibration keeps ACC systems working properly.

What is adaptive cruise control calibration?

Adaptive Cruise Control calibration takes place when the camera, lidar, and radar sensors that inform your vehicle’s actions are re-aligned to improve or re-establish sensor accuracy.

Getting a car calibrated takes drivers knowing about it and recognizing the warning signs.

ACC Calibration Warnings for Drivers

For drivers, the biggest sign that you need a car calibration is a recent collision. Other circumstances that necessitate Adaptive Cruise Control calibration include any time you repair or replace something nearby the location of a sensor. Another sign would be an overly sensitive ACC system, even when you have changed the settings (where possible). Here are some related warning messages that may signal it’s time to get an ADAS calibration:

• Adaptive cruise control sensor blocked
• Adaptive cruise control failure
• Adaptive cruise control temporarily unavailable

ADAS Calibration for Auto Shops

When a car comes into the shop, techs need to know when to order or perform ADAS calibrations . They also need to understand their importance. If calibrated incorrectly, ACC systems may have following distance settings that drivers aren’t used to. They can also make the systems overly sensitive, or not sensitive enough.

Every new model year brings more and more ADAS-equipped vehicles to the streets. Cars need to be calibrated after collisions, and any repairs that may affect sensor alignment. If you want to capitalize on this impending influx of needed calibrations, Car ADAS Solutions can help. We are at the forefront of the ADAS calibration services industry. We provide turnkey ADAS calibration solutions with framework, specialty software, training, and support, built-in. Contact Car ADAS Solutions today !

Additional ACC Resources:

• Cars with Adaptive Cruise Control – Car and Driver
• 10 Best Cars with Adaptive Cruise Control – TrueCar
• Adaptive Cruise Control – MyCarDoesWhat.org

Adaptive Cruise Control FAQs

What is Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and how does it differ from regular cruise control?

Adaptive Cruise Control is an advanced driver assistance feature that automatically adjusts your vehicle’s speed to maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front. Unlike traditional cruise control that maintains a constant speed, ACC can speed up or slow down based on the flow of traffic.

ACC uses a combination of radar, cameras, and various other sensors to monitor the distance to the vehicle ahead and its relative speed. This data is processed by the car’s computer systems to adjust the throttle and apply brakes if necessary, ensuring a safe following distance.

Can Adaptive Cruise Control bring my car to a complete stop?

Yes, many modern Adaptive Cruise Control systems come with stop-and-go technology that can bring your vehicle to a complete stop and then resume driving when traffic starts moving again.

Is Adaptive Cruise Control safe to use in all driving conditions?

While ACC is designed to increase safety and convenience, it is most effective in steady traffic conditions on highways or well-marked roads. It is not recommended for use in city driving, in adverse weather conditions, or on roads with poor lane markings as these factors can reduce the system’s effectiveness.

Will Adaptive Cruise Control work with any vehicle ahead of me?

Adaptive Cruise Control is generally designed to recognize and respond to most passenger vehicles and trucks. However, it may not detect objects small vehicles like motorcycles and bikes, or pedestrians. This is why it’s best to avoid using in dense cities.

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I tried adaptive cruise control on these EVs — and it changed the way I drive

Drivers may be surprised trying it out for the first time

Three EVs and one PHEV in, there’s one feature I’ve been constantly leaning on my quest to drive the best electric cars around. It’s adaptive cruise control (ACC), which is also commonly referred to as dynamic cruise control and smart cruise control depending on the car maker. They all basically follow the premise of maintaining your vehicle’s speed while driving, but with the ability to steer the wheel for you as well so that you stay centered in your lane.

I can’t tell you how it’s the single thing that’s changing my habits, which I explained in detail when I test drove the Lexus TX550H+ and let it take over the wheel for me . This feature isn’t just exclusive to EVs because it’s been in many gas-powered vehicles and hybrids for a long while now, leveraging different technologies, such as LiDAR, sonar, radar, and even the cameras around the car.

For those still driving much older vehicles, say 10+ years old, they could find the experience of using adaptive cruise control a bit jarring when they upgrade — which could dissuade them from using it entirely. After driving multiple EVs with adaptive cruise control, I realize it serves its purpose more often than not. Here’s when you should and shouldn’t use it.

Perfect for highways

Cruise control has always been a driver’s best friend for those long trips on highways. Adaptive cruise control makes it even better because today’s vehicles can intelligently identify other moving vehicles — especially the one right in front of you.

When I test drove the Hyundai Ioniq 6 for a week , I was impressed by its ability to distance itself from the car in front of me while driving the speed limit on highways. When it senses it’s getting too close to the vehicle in front of me, or when an adjacent vehicle enters my lane, the Ioniq 6’s adaptive cruise control system automatically applies the appropriate amount of braking.

Even when the highway’s making a bend further up in the road, the Ioniq 6’s driver assist mode moves the steering wheel accordingly for me — all while maintaining my lane and speed.

Even great when switching lanes

@tomsguide ♬ Lofi Vibes - Gentle State

Taking things to the next level, I was astounded by the lane change assist feature while test driving the Kia EV9. My colleague Kate Kozuch also tried this helpful driving feature out when she test drove the Mustang Mach-E GT very recently, which performed a lane change on its own thanks to Ford’s BlueCruise self-driving technology .

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I tried out a similar lane changing assist feature with the Kia EV9 , and when paired with adaptive cruise control, I’m impressed by how it makes driving even easier (and safer too). Again, I think it works well on highways when you want to change lanes because adaptive cruise control continues to maintain the car’s speed — while also detecting other vehicles while it’s making a lane change.

Less burden with congestion driving

During my commute back home from New York City, congestion on the roads eventually brought traffic on the highway to its usual stop-and-go flow. With adaptive cruise control and driver assist enabled on the Kia EV9, it’s the perfect pairing for congestion driving on the highway.

That’s because the EV9’s able to apply the appropriate amount of braking and acceleration to keep its distance with the vehicle in front of me. Gridlock traffic is already a burden for all drivers on the road, but I love how this makes it less of a hassle. Even when the vehicle in front of me comes to a complete stop, adaptive cruise control automatically gets the vehicle moving once it clears up.

Although, I always kept my foot lighting over the brake because you just never know . I recommend that you do the same when using adaptive cruise control because it's the fail-safe method to instantly give back complete control of your vehicle.

Tough on local roads with faint lines

Now, one of the times I found it challenging to use adaptive cruise control was on city streets with faintly painted lines on the road. That’s because both the Ioniq 6 and EV9 struggled to keep their respective driver assist modes on to keep me centered in the lane. I’m able to recognize this because the dashboard display would normally show green lines alongside the car to indicate that it can stay centered in the lane.

Of course, it would go green whenever it can reestablish those lines on the road, but I wouldn’t lean on adaptive cruise control a whole lot when they’re indistinct.

Winding roads are troublesome

And finally, I would absolutely tell you to disengage adaptive cruise control on those long, winding roads that have you hitting steep inclines and tight turns. One of the challenges I encountered while driving with it on winding roads is that it wants to maintain the vehicle’s rate.

Naturally, this works wonderfully on straightaways and such, but it’s jarring when it encounters an incline because adaptive cruise control lacks human perception to anticipate road changes. For example, I found adaptive cruise control accelerating a little after going up a hill to maintain its speed — rather than anticipating the incline and accelerating beforehand to help sustain the vehicle’s momentum.

Furthermore, tight turns are nearly impossible for adaptive cruise control because it doesn’t adjust the vehicle’s speed ahead of time. It’s jarring when it’s cruising at 35 mph and wants to take a bend in the road at the same speed, rather than dialing down as the speed limit sign suggests.

While it’s not perfect for all driving conditions, I still find more benefits with using adaptive cruise control. Even though some parts of the technology help to propel fully automated vehicles, I need to remind everyone using this that it’s still an assistive feature — so it’s not meant to replace you entirely as the driver.

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John’s a senior editor covering phones for Tom’s Guide. He’s no stranger in this area having covered mobile phones and gadgets since 2008 when he started his career. On top of his editor duties, he’s a seasoned videographer being in front and behind the camera producing YouTube videos. Previously, he held editor roles with PhoneArena, Android Authority, Digital Trends, and SPY. Outside of tech, he enjoys producing mini documentaries and fun social clips for small businesses, enjoying the beach life at the Jersey Shore, and recently becoming a first time homeowner.

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• Car technology

Cruise control and adaptive cruise control explained

Cruise control is a handy feature for long journeys – we explain how to use it.

Cruise control has become a common feature in modern cars, allowing drivers to maintain a steady speed without using the accelerator pedal. Ideal for long motorway drives, traditional cruise control allows you to set a specific speed, giving your right foot a much-needed break. While this tech has been around since the 1960s, the system has evolved in recent decades. The latest adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems use sensors to monitor the traffic ahead, automatically adjusting your car’s speed to maintain a safe following distance.

Different carmakers have their own versions of these systems – Audi’s ‘Adaptive Cruise’, BMW’s ‘Active Cruise Control’, and Volvo’s ‘Pilot Assist’ are just a few examples – and some are more intelligent than others, even changing lanes and steering autonomously. Some cars are also equipped with ‘Traffic Jam Assist’, which can handle stop-and-start traffic, easing the stress of daily commutes.

From straightforward speed control to sophisticated, traffic-responsive systems, cruise control technology can help to take some of the stress out of long journeys. Read on to explore how these features work and how to use them.

What is cruise control?

Cruise control is a system that maintains the speed of a car automatically. Using controls found on or behind the steering wheel, the driver can set a desired speed that the car will continue to follow without any use of the accelerator pedal. It’s found in cars with an automatic or manual gearbox, although its functions are usually more limited in the latter. Most electric cars also come with cruise control.

It’s designed to be used on long A-road or motorway journeys, when prolonged use of the accelerator pedal could cause cramp or soreness in the driver’s right foot. Once a speed has been set, the driver can relax their foot and focus on controlling the car’s steering. The first cruise control systems held the throttle open mechanically, but modern systems are computer-controlled. Many cruise control systems will only activate above a certain minimum speed, usually around 25 to 30mph.

What is adaptive cruise control?

Adaptive cruise control (often abbreviated to ACC) is a more advanced cruise control system that uses lasers, cameras or radar mounted in the front bumper to track the speed and position of the vehicle in front. Cars fitted with the system can automatically match the speed of the vehicle in front and maintain a safe distance. Many systems allow the driver to set their preferred distance to the vehicle in front.

If the vehicle ahead slows down, the driver’s car will also slow down without the need to use the brake pedal. If the vehicle ahead speeds up, the driver’s car will only speed up until it reaches the limit set by the driver. However, only systems paired with an autonomous emergency braking (AEB) system will automatically perform an emergency stop if the car ahead comes to a sudden halt. In 2024 AEB was made a legal requirement for all new cars sold in the UK and the EU.

Adaptive cruise control is sometimes referred to as ‘dynamic’ cruise control, while other automakers use their own names; Mercedes calls it ‘Distronic Plus’ and Porsche, ‘Porsche Active Safe’. 

Some vehicles even have ‘Traffic Jam Assist’, an extension of adaptive cruise control that can automatically slow the car to a halt as well as accelerate and brake at low speeds in congestion, reducing driver fatigue. It’s worth noting that after coming to a halt for more than a few seconds, safety requirements mean driver intervention is usually required; squeezing the accelerator should allow Traffic Jam Assist to resume.

How do I use cruise control?

Check your car’s handbook for the location of the cruise control buttons as they differ from vehicle to vehicle. They are often found in an easy-to-access location, such as on the steering wheel or column stalk, to make them quick and safe to use.

The system can be overridden at any time by pressing on the brake pedal, so you should keep your foot close to the brake in case of emergencies. There may be differences in controls between different manufacturers, so always read your car’s handbook first. Some typical cruise control buttons include:

• On/off: This activates the system, but probably won’t hold you at your desired speed. Turning it on will almost always be accompanied by a dashboard light.
• Set: Once the system is switched on, pressing the set button should tell the car to hold the current speed. In most cars this will turn the dashboard indicator green.
• Cancel: This pauses the cruise control, so you have complete control again, without turning cruise control fully off. The cruise control should still remember the speed you chose to cruise at.
• Res or resume: Pressing this will see the car accelerate back up to the speed you chose before hitting the cancel button or pressing the brake pedal. You'll still need to change gears in a manual car if necessary. An automatic gearbox will change gears for you.
• Up and down arrows or ‘+’ and ‘-’: With cruise control activated, use these to increase or decrease the car’s speed. Single presses often increase or decrease the speed in small increments, while holding the same button or stalk changes it in increments of 5mph or even 10mph. Of course, this varies from one model to another.

Cruise control is best used on long stretches of motorway and should be used to maintain a safe speed while the driver pays full attention to their surroundings. Drivers should not treat cruise control like an autonomous driving system, and the driver needs to pay as much attention to the road when using cruise control as they do with regular driving.

What is a speed limiter?

Some cars are fitted with a speed limiter, either alongside cruise control or on its own. As with cruise control, you set the maximum speed you’d like to travel at, but unlike cruise control, you're still required to press down the accelerator. This is ideal for busy speed-limit zones, where you may want to maintain complete control of your speed without exceeding the limit. Squeeze the accelerator, and your car will simply reach your chosen speed and stop accelerating. However, pressing the throttle pedal all the way down will override the system –it’s a fail safe designed to let you accelerate out of trouble if needed. 

What about Intelligent Speed Assistance?

Like Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB), Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA) is another mandatory safety feature fitted to every new car sold in the UK and the EU from 2024. Unlike a traditional speed limiter above, the ISA system uses your car’s GPS and traffic sign recognition cameras to determine the road’s speed limit. The ISA system then limits your car to this speed, stopping you from breaking the speed limit.

The system can be overridden in certain situations when the driver pushes hard on the accelerator pedal, and it can be turned off entirely. However, the system is automatically reactivated every time you start the car. From July 7th 2024, it is a legal requirement for every new car sold in the UK to come with the technology, including unsold new cars sitting in dealerships that will need to have the system retrofitted.

What is the benefit of cruise control?

When should i use cruise control, is cruise control safe, does cruise control save fuel, car technology made simple….

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Charlie writes and edits news, review and advice articles for Carbuyer , as well as publishing content to its social media platforms. He has also been a regular contributor to its sister titles Auto Express , DrivingElectric  and  evo . As well as being consumed by everything automotive, Charlie is a speaker of five languages and once lived in Chile, Siberia and the Czech Republic, returning to the UK to write about his life-long passion: cars.

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