heritage tourism japan

Japan’s World Heritage Sites

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is an agency of the United Nations that aims to promote the preservation and growth of the world's intellectual and cultural property. UNESCO is probably best known for designating World Heritage Sites, cultural and natural sites that show "outstanding universal value". There are currently 26 world heritage sites in Japan, 21 cultural ones and 5 natural ones.

World Cultural Heritage Sites

World Natural Heritage Sites

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Links and Resources

Unesco world heritage centre.

World Natural Heritage in Japan

Shirakami-Sanchi

Ogasawara Islands

Amami・Okinawa

日本の世界自然遺産について

The first two World Natural Heritage sites in Japan were registered in 1993. They were the remote “Yakushima” island in Kagoshima Prefecture and “Shirakami Sanchi,” a vast, primal beech forest that spans Aomori and Akita Prefectures. The Shiretoko peninsula, which protrudes into the Sea of Okhotsk in the northeastern part of Hokkaido, was registered in 2005, and the Ogasawara Islands, oceanic islands about 1,000 km away from central Tokyo, were registered in 2011. Most recently, the area consisting of Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island were registered in 2021, for a total of five World Natural Heritage sites in Japan. Japan’s natural heritage is a place where all of its rich and unique ecosystems are valued and you can feel the circle of life, including rare plants and animals.

Learn about the traditions of the Matagi, who live in harmony with the forest of Shirakami-Sanchi

A culinary culture that evolved from life in Shiretoko Peninsula, a Natural World Heritage site extending 3 km offshore

Walk in a golden beech forest while hiking in Shirakami-Sanchi in autumn

Hahajima Island / Mt. Chibusayama Trekking Tour featuring the many remaining endemic species of the Ogasawara Island

Climbing the steep cliffs and Mt. Mocchomu-dake, looking down on the nature of Yakushima Island and the ocean

Go trekking in Kinsakubaru Forest on Amami Oshima and encounter rare plants and animals

Videos introducing the charms of each nature are updated.

Digital Brochure

Visiting a World Natural Heritage Site makes it possible to come in contact with the beauty of nature and the vitality of plants and animals, and to learn about and gain direct experience of the SDGs. This digital brochure introduces 30 activities across each area that can teach the importance of nature and the Earth.

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Japan itineraries: 5 of the best routes to explore the country

Sep 9, 2024 • 13 min read

From the temples of Kyoto to the city of Sapporo, explore Japan with these itineraries. Getty Images

Modern cities buzzing with energy, richly historic architecture, and an incredible food scene that will keep you full every step of the way – Japan  truly has it all. Whether you want to road trip across its islands or jump on its famed fast trains , with a little planning, traveling around the country is a dream. 

That’s why we’ve put together five itineraries that show off the best Japan has to offer . These 10-day and two-week itineraries will show off the highlights, but if you have more time, linger at the stops or combine two to build your perfect trip. Whatever you choose, plenty of adventure awaits.

The Golden Route

Allow at least 10 days  Distance: 900km (559 miles) 

This classic route for first-time visitors hits many of Japan's star attractions , can be done year-round and takes advantage of the excellent value and seamless travel offered by a Japan Rail (JR) Pass . With some time up your sleeve, purchase a longer rail pass and combine this with one of our other itineraries.

Tokyo: 3 days

Start with a few days in the capital to get over any jet lag, find your bearings and get a taste for big-city Japan. It doesn't getting any bigger than Tokyo , with skyscrapers, plenty of hustle and bustle and all those lights in one of the world's busiest cities. More than any one sight, it's Tokyo itself that enchants visitors.

Next stop: Take a shinkansen (bullet train) from Tokyo to Kyoto (2.5 hours). 

Kyoto: 2 days

Activate your seven-day rail pass on the morning of day four and ride the fabulous shinkansen west to the old capital, Kyoto. You'll want a couple of days here to explore one of the world's most culturally rich cities . Consider staying in Kyoto for four nights and visiting Nara and Osaka as day trips using your JR Pass.

Next stop: Take a JR Train from Kyoto to Nara (1 hour). 

Nara: 1 day

Just a short hop from Kyoto, you could either visit Nara as a day trip or spend a night here, home of the Daibutsu (Great Buddha) and gorgeous Nara Park, with its roving semi-wild deer. History in Nara goes back even further than in Kyoto. It was Japan's first permanent capital and is one of the country's most rewarding destinations.

Next stop: Take a shinkansen from Nara to Osaka (30 minutes).

Osaka: 1 day 

Only 20 minutes on the shinkansen from Kyoto, Osaka can also be visited on a day trip from Kyoto or as an overnight stop. This vibrant, spirited city was home of the merchant class and takes pride in shedding the conservatism found elsewhere in Japan. It's a bit brasher, interactions are peppered with playful jabs, and it's known for its exciting street food.

Next stop: Take the shinkansen from Osaka to Hiroshima.

Hiroshima: 2 days 

It's an easy shinkansen ride through to Hiroshima, a name never to be forgotten in world history. The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum and its surrounding park attract visitors from all over the planet, commemorating the world's first atomic-bomb attack of August 6, 1945. Present-day Hiroshima is a thriving, vibrant cosmopolitan community. Consider visiting Miyajima on a day trip from here.

Next stop: Take a JR train and a JR ferry from Hiroshima to Miyajima (1 hour). 

Miyajima: 1 day

An excellent day trip or overnight trip from Hiroshima, Miyajima , with its photogenic floating shrine, is easily reached by JR Pass and JR ferry. If trying to maximize use of your rail pass, on day 10 (day seven of the rail pass), you could head back to Tokyo. On the way, consider stopping in Himeji to visit Japan's best-preserved feudal-era castle.

Nagano and the Alps

Allow at least 10 days  Distance: 750km (466 miles)

Link your visits to Tokyo and Kyoto inland through the mountains and via Kanazawa , one of Japan's most historic and appealing cities. It can be done in either direction and while the freedom of rental wheels is likely to enhance enjoyment levels, this itinerary can be followed using public transport.

Nagano: 2 days

Find your way to the city of Nagano, either by shinkansen or rental car from Tokyo. The mountain-ringed capital of Nagano Prefecture is centered on its magnificent Zenkō-ji temple , a National Treasure founded in the 7th century. The city was home base for the 1998 Winter Olympics, and is within easy reach of the "snow monkeys" .

Next stop: Take a 50-minute train ride or drive to Matsumoto (1.25 hours).

Matsumoto: 2 days

It's a short hop to vibrant Matsumoto , sitting in a fertile valley to the east of the impressive northern Japan Alps. Matsumoto-jō is Japan's oldest wooden castle and not to be missed. The city is an attractive, cosmopolitan place, worth lingering in.

Next stop: Take a train and bus or drive (both 2 hours). 

Detour: If you're driving, consider going via the outdoor resort of Hakuba.

Kamikōchi: 1 day

The eyes of Japanese outdoor enthusiasts light up when Kamikōchi is mentioned. This is where it's at for hikers , and you may want to consider spending days here, up this remote valley at the base of the North Alps. The road is closed in winter, open from late April to early November; you'll have to bus in as private cars are not allowed.

Next stop: Take the bus (1.5 hours) or drive and bus (2 hours).

Takayama: 2 days

Carry on through the mountains to Takayama , a charming old post town with one of Japan's most atmospheric townscapes, boasting well-preserved wooden buildings and narrow streets, now home to galleries, sake breweries and craft shops. It's also known for its temple district and morning market. Book ahead as Takayama is not as off the beaten track as it once was.

Next stop: Take the bus or drive (both 1.5 hours). 

Shirakawa-gō: 1 day 

The remote mountain villages of Shirakawa-gō and Gokayama, between Takayama and Kanazawa, are famed for their farmhouses with dramatically angled thatched roofs. They hold a special place in the Japanese heart, whatever the season, and you'll have seen them in the country's tourism literature. These World Heritage–listed villages are popular; you're unlikely to get lonely.

Next stop: Take a bus (1.5 hours) or drive (1.25 hours). 

Kanazawa: 2 days

Enjoy Kanazawa, a city that, in its heyday, rivaled Kyoto in its contributions to the arts. Near the Sea of Japan, Kanazawa is known for its seafood, a lasting artisan tradition and its strolling garden, Kenroku-en. This is an excellent place to shop for traditional crafts. When you're ready, take the train or drive through to Kyoto.

Drive through Shikoku

Allow at least 10 days  Distance: 350km (217 miles) 

The country's fourth-largest island, Shikoku is still well off the radar of most international visitors. It's used to hosting, though, as pilgrims have been walking the 88 Sacred Temples of Shikoku pilgrimage for 1200 years. This low-key island, best explored by car, may well be the highlight of your visit to Japan.

Naoshima: 1 day

Part of Shikoku's Kagawa Prefecture, in the Inland Sea between Shikoku and Western Honshū, the art island of Naoshima is for many a stepping stone between Okayama and the Shikoku mainland. See some of Japan's best art and architecture, with museums and outdoor sculptures; Yellow Pumpkin by Yayoi Kusama has become a symbol of the island.

Next stop: Take a ferry from Naoshima to Takamatsu (1 hour).

Takamatsu: 2 days

Kagawa Prefecture is nicknamed nationwide udon-ken (udon prefecture), and you'll find an udon noodle place, with the local version, known as sanuki-udon, on almost every corner. Stroll in the immaculate gardens at Ritsurin-kōen, and browse the wares in Takamatsu's covered shopping arcades and evening entertainment areas.

Next stop: Drive from Takamatsu to Konpira-san (1 hour).

Konpira-san: 2 days

Konpira-san is Shikoku's best-known Shintō shrine. Enjoy a walk in the township at the mountain's base, and if inclined, climb the steps. Close by are Zentsu-ji, Temple 75 of the 88 Sacred Temples, and if you have time, take the ropeway up to Unpen-ji, with its enthralling 500 rakan statues.

Next stop: Drive from Konpira-san to Iya Valley (2 hours). 

Iya Valley: 1 day

Head over or around the mountains and into the Iya Valley, considered one of Japan's great "hidden regions". Its staggeringly steep gorges and thick mountain forests were the refuge of fleeing samurai in centuries past. Narrow, winding valley roads limit access, particularly towards the head of the valley, where you'll find Oku Iya's lovely twin kazura-bashi (vine bridges) .

Next stop: Drive from Iya Valley to Kōchi City (1.5 hours).

Kōchi City: 2 days

The capital of the island's Pacific Ocean–facing prefecture is the city of Kōchi, a smart, compact place with a reputation for enjoying a good time. The people here are known for being independent and proud, survivors cut off from the rest of Japan throughout history. Visit the lovely castle, Kōchi-jō , walk the covered shopping arcades and enjoy local delicacies at Hirome Market.

Next stop: Drive 2.5 hours from Kochi city to Matsuyama.

Matsuyama: 2 days

Shikoku's largest city, Matsuyama is handsome and refined, with a hint of mainland hustle. Its magnificent castle , one of 12 "originals" in Japan, lords it over the city, with the central city and covered shopping arcades to its south. In the east is the legendary hot springs area of Dōgo Onsen. You can fly out or ferry to Hiroshima or Kyūshū from here.

Explore Kyūshū and Yakushima

Allow at least 10 days   Distance: 700km (435 miles) 

Off the beaten track for most international visitors, Kyūshū really delivers: it’s got vibrant cities, layers of history, excellent onsen and smoking volcanoes. If you’ve been to Japan before, or want to see something totally different, this is for you. There's a JR Pass for Kyūshū, but having a car is the way to go.

Fukuoka: 2 days

Find your way to Fukuoka , the gateway to Kyūshū and its biggest city (population 1.4 million). It's easy to fly, or take the shinkansen to Hakata, Fukuoka's bullet-train hub, from the major cities on Honshū. This hip, exciting place is the "bright lights, big city" of Kyūshū, famous for its Hakata ramen, best from a streetside yatai (food cart).

Next stop: Take a train (1.5 hours) or drive (2 hours) from Fukuoka to Nagasaki. 

Nagasaki: 2 days

History weighs heavily on Nagasaki , the second Japanese city destroyed by an atomic bomb. But as Japan’s only truly open port during the 200-year period of isolation from the 17th to 19th centuries, Nagasaki has a mercantile and cosmopolitan legacy that predates its historic tragedy, living on today in its festivals, food and architecture.

Next stop: Take a train and bus (4 hours) or drive (3 hours) from Nagasaki to Kurokawa Onsen. 

Kurokawa Onsen: 1 day

Make a sojourn into the Kyūshū heartland at Kurokawa Onsen, one of Japan’s prettiest onsen villages, nestled on either side of a steep gorge. This is a perfect place to experience what an onsen-ryokan getaway is all about. It's not far from Mt Aso, the world's third-largest volcanic caldera, with its smoking Naka-dake crater and enthralling landscapes.

Next stop: Take a bus (3.5 hours) or drive (1.5 hours) from Kurokawa Onsen to Kumamoto.

Kumamoto: 1 day

Carry on southwest to Kumamoto , the main hub for central Kyūshū. It's deeply proud of its greatest landmark, the castle Kumamoto-jō , built in the early 1600s. Still recovering from 2016 earthquakes that killed many and destroyed thousands of homes, this is a lively city with a tempting collection of restaurants, bars and shops in the busy arcades east of the castle.

Next stop: Take a train (2 hours) or drive (2.5 hours) from Kumamoto to Kagoshima.

Kagoshima: 2 days

Head south to Kagoshima and marvel at the stunning backdrop of Sakurajima, the often-smoking volcano across the bay. This place has a personality to match its climate and has been voted Japan's friendliest city. It's known for tonkatsu (breaded pork cutlets) and shōchū (liquor). The hot sand baths at Ibusuki are close by.

Next stop: Take a fast ferry (2.5 hours) from Kagoshima to Yakushima. 

Yakushima: 2 days

Magical Yakushima is 70km (43 miles) south of the Kyūshū mainland. This World Heritage–listed island has primeval, moss-strewn forests, seaside onsen and a mountainous interior that towers up to 1936m (6440ft). It has great hiking options too; the best known is to Jōmon Sugi, an ancient tree said to be thousands of years old.

The wilds of Hokkaidō

Allow at least 2 weeks Distance: 950km (590 miles)

Japan’s northernmost island, Hokkaidō , has much of what you want out of Japan: steaming onsen and rugged, volcanic peaks, city lights and foodie credibility , as well as something you may not expect – the opportunity for an epic road trip. Snow falls early in Hokkaidō, so this is a June to October trip.

Hakodate: 2 days

Start here in Hokkaidō's southernmost port, reached by shinkansen from Tokyo in four hours through the underwater Seikan Tunnel, though unless you're on a rail pass, it's probably cheaper to fly. Hakodate is a charming city with a famous morning market, historic buildings – due to being one of the first ports opened to foreign shipping in the 1850s – and renowned night views.

Next stop: Pick up a rental car and drive to Tōya-ko and Noboribetsu Onsen (4 hours). 

Shikotsu-Tōya National Park: 2 days

In Tōya-ko, cycle 36km (22 miles) around the caldera lake. Carry on to Hokkaidō's most famous hot-springs town, Noboribetsu Onsen. For a day trip, visit nearby Upopoy: National Ainu Museum and Park, opened in 2020, after the Ainu were finally legally recognized as an Indigenous people of Japan.

Next stop: Drive from Noboribetsu Onsen to Sapporo (2–3 hours).

Sapporo: 2 days

Get your city fix in the prefectural capital, Sapporo ; with a population of two million, it's Japan's fifth-largest city. The central city has plenty of buzz, especially around the entertainment district of Susukino and Ōdori-kōen. Don't leave town without going to the Sapporo Beer Museum or trying some Sapporo ramen and jingisukan , the legendary grilled-mutton dish.

Next stop: Drive from Sapporo to Furano (2 hours). 

Furano: 2 days

Furano is nicknamed heso-no-machi (Belly-Button Town) as it's at the center of Hokkaidō. Here you'll find wine and cheese tasting, fabulous flower fields and great cycling opportunities in nearby Biei. Fukiage Roten-no-yu, one of Hokkaidō's best onsen in the wild, is also close at hand. Views east of the Daisetsuzan National Park mountains make a stunning backdrop.

Next stop: Drive from Furano to Asahidake Onsen (2 hours). 

Daisetsuzan National Park: 2 days

Daisetsuzan means "big snowy mountain" and Asahi-dake (2290m/7513ft) is the highest point on Hokkaidō. Climb it from the top of the ropeway (1600m/5249ft) at Asahidake Onsen in the northwest of the national park. You can stay here and also at Sōunkyō Onsen in the park's northeast. To stay at a very remote mountain lodge, head to Daisetsu Kōgen Sansō.

Next stop: Drive from Onsen to Utoro (5 hours). 

Shiretoko National Park: 2 days

Continue east to World Heritage–listed Shiretoko National Park and base yourself in Utoro. The Shiretoko Peninsula is a volcanic spit of land that the Ainu referred to as "the end of the world". There are some excellent short walks and hiking, plus nature cruises that head out up the coast. Gaze out on Russian islands from Shiretoko Pass.

Next stop: Drive from Utoro to Akanko Onsen (3 hours). 

Akan Mashū National Park: 2 days

It's a short drive southwest to Akan Mashū National Park, where there's plenty to check out. In the east, you'll find fascinating Iō-zan (Sulphur Mountain), the clear caldera lakes of Kussharo-ko and Mashū-ko, and a number of onsen in the wild. In the east is Akanko Onsen, where you can check out a modern-day Ainu community at the Ainu kotan (village).

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TravelAwaits

Our mission is to serve the 50+ traveler who's ready to cross a few items off their bucket list.

My 9 Favorite World Heritage Sites I Visited In Japan

• Activities and Interests
• Destinations
• History and Culture

The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites includes significant historic, cultural, and natural sites worldwide that are worthy of preservation. I enjoy visiting World Heritage sites to learn more about the country I’m traveling in.

Japan has 25 World Heritage listings , some of them covering multiple locations, so there are a lot of places for lovers of history and culture to choose from. The sites cover history from prehistoric times, through the early years of Buddhism, to more recent history when the atomic bomb destroyed Hiroshima. There are temples, shrines, castles, industrial complexes, whole villages, and more. 

Here are some of my favorites that I’ve visited on trips to Japan over the years.

1. Toshogu Shrine

Of all the shrines and temples included in Nikko’s World Heritage listing, Toshogu Shrine is the largest and most splendid. The shrine’s vivid colors contrast with the green forest and its buildings are covered with ornate carvings — the most notable being the three monkeys that inspired the saying “See no evil, speak no evil, hear no evil.” I loved the incredible details of animals, mythical creatures, and decorative flourishes that create an overall impression of opulence.

Nikko is a popular day trip from Tokyo , about 2 hours by train followed by a short bus trip up the hill to the shrine.

2. Mount Fuji

Yamanashi and shizuoka.

Mt. Fuji’s perfect volcanic cone has appeared in Japanese art for centuries. It has religious significance, with shrines dotted along the paths to the summit for the faithful to stop and pray.

When weather conditions are excellent, it’s possible to spot Mt. Fuji from Tokyo while traveling on the shinkansen train or while flying into Tokyo. The towns around Mt. Fuji have better views, and Hakone and Kawaguchiko are popular choices for a day trip from Tokyo, being only a couple of hours away by bus or train.

I prefer Kawaguchiko, which is quieter than Hakone. Staying overnight gave me enough time to see Mt. Fuji from the top of the ropeway on a lake cruise and while walking along the lake’s north shore. The views from there are excellent, and sometimes, Mt. Fuji is reflected in the water.

3. Shirakawago

The traditional wooden houses of Shirakawago are known as gassho zukuri , or praying hands, because the steep pitch of the roofs resembles hands joined in prayer. The village was preserved thanks to its location deep in the mountains, and visitors can go inside some of the houses to see how people used to live and work.

While many visitors stop for just a few hours, it’s possible to stay overnight in one of the houses . I enjoyed eating dinner by an open fireplace, and after a good night’s sleep, waking up to a magical view over the rice fields.

Shirakawago is accessible via car or bus from Takayama and Kanazawa. No vehicles are allowed inside the village, so visitors need to walk up from the carpark and across a bridge.

4. Byodo-In Temple

The most well-known temples in Kyoto, such as Kiyomizudera and Kinkakuji, can get very crowded. Some other temples included in the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto World Heritage listing are much quieter, such as Byodo-in temple in nearby Uji, less than 30 minutes by train from Kyoto station.

Byodo-in’s main building, the Phoenix Hall, is about 1,000 years old and is featured on Japan’s 10-yen coin. Inside, there is a splendid gilded statue of Buddha, although there’s sometimes a queue as visits are done in small groups to preserve the interior. I loved walking around the garden, which felt very tranquil with the temple reflected in the pond.

5. Todaiji Temple

Many people visit Nara to see the sacred deer wandering the streets, but the Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara are another attraction. Todaiji is the most impressive of these and its most-visited building is the Daibutsu-den , or Great Buddha Hall. It is over 300 years old and one of the largest wooden buildings in the world.

While the size of the building is impressive enough, I found entering the temple awe-inspiring. The Great Buddha gleamed in the dim light, a serene presence looking over the people below. This 50-foot-tall bronze statue is surrounded by other religious statues, making the interior a spectacular sight.

Nara can be reached in less than an hour by train from either Osaka or Kyoto.

Pro Tip: Going from the station to the temple, you are likely to encounter some sacred deer. While they are used to humans, they are still wild animals. It’s best to keep any snacks zipped away in your bag when they are nearby and be careful when holding maps or brochures. The deer have been known to eat those too!

6. Himeji Castle

Himeji Castle is Japan’s largest and it is also an original construction, not a reproduction like Osaka Castle. While visiting the grounds is free, it’s worth paying to look inside the interior of this 400-year-old building. The dark timbers have mellowed with age, and information panels describe the traditional building techniques and how the castle defenses worked.

After climbing up the steep stairs, the attendant greeted me, saying “Congratulations! You have reached the top floor.” I took a much-needed break to enjoy the panoramic view over Himeji. Back on ground level, I strolled through the very pretty Koko-en garden next door, which is an ideal spot to get good photographs of the castle.

It’s an easy day trip by train from Osaka or Kyoto.

7. Atomic Bomb Dome

The Hiroshima Peace Park is an open green space today, but it used to be a busy area where thousands lived and worked. The atomic bomb in 1945 destroyed almost everything, but the office building known as the Atomic Bomb Dome survived. 

While the park, with its museum and memorials, was designed to record history and inspire peace, I found the Atomic Bomb Dome a tangible and poignant reminder of the force of the bomb. It forms a backdrop to many views from the park, a stark contrast to the spring cherry blossoms and autumn foliage.

The sightseeing loop bus from Hiroshima station stops at the Atomic Bomb Dome.

8. Itsukushima Shrine

Visitors get their first glimpse of Itsukushima’s famous torii gate as the ferry approaches Miyajima. Itsukushima Shrine is built over the water and, at high tide, the shrine and the torii appear to float on the water. At low tide, you can walk out to the torii. The shrine buildings are painted a vivid red, a striking contrast with the sea.

By staying on Miyajima, I was able to visit Itsukushima at dawn when it was tranquil and the reflections in the sea were undisturbed by the comings and goings of ferries. Because it’s so close to Hiroshima, Itsukushima can get crowded in the middle of the day.

9. Oura Church

In a country of temples and shrines, Oura Church stands out in central Nagasaki. One of the Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki region, the church was built by French missionaries in 1864. Japanese Christians who had kept their faith a secret for hundreds of years were inspired by the sight of the church to come out of hiding.

The former seminary next door has an exhibit on the history of the Catholic Church in Japan. I found this fascinating as it covers the period when Japan closed its doors to the rest of the world for centuries and, despite persecution, Catholic communities remained in remote places.

Pro Tip: What’s the difference between a shrine and a temple? A shrine is a place of worship for Japan’s Shinto religion, and it can be recognized by the torii gate at the entrance. Buddhists worship in temples, and there are statues of Buddha inside the temple and also around the grounds.

Denise has been a travel writer for several years and is a retired project manager. She has travelled solo to countries from Austria to Vanuatu, and likes to explore a destination's culture and heritage. This travel experience was useful when working on heritage tourism projects, helping to create enjoyable visitor experiences.

University of Hawai'i Press

Kyoto Revisited: Heritage Tourism in Contemporary Japan

Additional information.

• About the Book

There is a charm to Kyoto. Surrounded by lush green hills, the city feels alive with nature, history, culture—and tourists. At once ancient capital, modern city, and home to numerous cultural heritage sites, Kyoto looms large in the promotion of Japanese culture at home and abroad. In the wake of years of economic recession followed by the national promotion of “cool Japan” in popular culture and tourism of the twenty-first century, anthropologist Jennifer Prough sets out to examine how the city’s history and culture have been mobilized to create heritage experiences for today’s tourists. The heart of her book, Kyoto Revisited, centers on what it means to produce these for visitors, why seeing and feeling culture and tradition appeal to both domestic and international travelers, and the challenges faced by a heritage tourism city.

As Prough’s study suggests, heritage has multiple meanings. It is created as interested parties—state and local, public and private—tell different stories about the past, which are marketed in response to tourists’ desire for face-to-face engagement in an experience economy. Her work examines several prominent features of Kyoto tourism, including promotion plans, heritage neighborhood renovation, the role of the seasons and traditional aesthetics in citywide events, the appeal of sites commemorating the Meiji restoration, and the trend of walking in the heritage district in a rented kimono. Throughout Prough brings together scholarship from Japanese studies, heritage studies, and the anthropology of tourism to highlight the interplay between the romantic desire for heritage tourism and the emphasis on “personal experience” (taiken) in the visitor industry today. Experience has long been an integral part of tourism—even as what counts as experience has shifted across time and place (from taking a photo to staying with locals to trying one’s hand at a traditional craft)—yet these touristic desires take on a new tinge in the experience economy. Kyoto Revisited demonstrates not only how the past has been used to construct the city’s identity and shape understandings of Japan for travelers, but also how these speak to broader trends in our contemporary moment.

• About the Author(s)

Jennifer S. Prough, Author

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Tourism Impacts on Heritage Sites in Japan: From Government’s View to Local People’s Awareness

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• Hoa Nguyen Quynh 23  

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Culture and heritage have been a major part of travel as their contribution to a tourism destination’s appealing. Recently, heritage tourism is the fastest-growing segment of the tourism industry as the volume of tourists seeking adventure, culture, history, archeology, and interaction with local people is increasing. Heritage tourism gives positive economic and social impacts, establishes and reinforces identity, and helps preserve the cultural heritage. However, as the volume of traveling rises, there are negative impacts on local communities in heritage sites that create tensions and conflicts among different stakeholders. Therefore, understanding the tourism policymakers’ view and local people’s awareness of tourism impacts is not only useful in the conservation of a heritage site, but it also contributes to promote the image of that destination and balance the stakeholders’ benefits. This paper aims to study (1) the tourism impacts on local community, (2) the local people’s awareness and consideration between positive impacts and negative impacts, and (3) the difference between government policymakers and local people’s points of view about tourism impacts and development. The data were collected from a qualitative survey on Japanese government officers and academic people, and a quantitative survey on 245 local people in some Japanese heritage sites. From the findings, some gaps between government policymakers and local people’s point of view were found and analyzed to contribute to the future tourism policy development for Japan heritage conservation.

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Quynh, H.N. (2022). Tourism Impacts on Heritage Sites in Japan: From Government’s View to Local People’s Awareness. In: Mandić, A., Castanho, R.A., Stankov, U. (eds) Cultural Sustainable Tourism. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10800-6_7

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Cultural Heritage and Tourism in Japan (Routledge Cultural Heritage and Tourism Series) 1st Edition

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This book offers a comprehensive understanding of cultural heritage in Japan and its relationship with both domestic and international tourism.

Japan has witnessed an increase in tourism, with rising visitor numbers to both established destinations and lesser known sites. This has generated greater attention towards various aspects of Japanese culture, heritage and society. This book explores these diverse aspects of everyday life in Japan and their interconnections with tourism. It begins with a conceptual framework of key theories related to heritage and tourism, serving as a useful apparatus for further discussions in the following chapters. Each chapter studies a specific aspect of Japan’s cultural heritage, from the history of Japan, the development of war sites, such as Hiroshima and Nagasaki, to tourist destinations, indigenous communities and their places of residence, festivals such as matsuri , to popular culture and media. Each chapter discusses a certain type of cultural heritage first in a global context and then examines it in a Japanese context, aiming to demonstrate the relation between these two different contexts. In each chapter, furthermore, how a particular kind of Japan’s cultural heritage is utilised as tourism resources and how it is perceived and consumed by international and domestic tourists are discussed. Finally, the book revisits the conceptual framework to suggest future directions for cultural heritage and tourism in Japan.

Written in an informative and accessible style, this book will be of interest to scholars, students and practitioners in the fields of tourism, cultural studies and heritage studies.

• ISBN-10 0367028611
• ISBN-13 978-0367028619
• Edition 1st
• Publication date August 16, 2021
• Part of series Routledge Cultural Heritage and Tourism
• Language English
• Dimensions 6.14 x 0.85 x 9.21 inches
• Print length 290 pages
• See all details

Editorial Reviews

About the author.

Takamitsu Jimura is Programme Manager for MSc International Tourism Management at Musashi University, Tokyo, Japan. His primary research interests are heritage, especially World Heritage and tourism, tourism marketing and sustainable tourism. He is a co-editor of Tourism Ethnographies: Ethics, Methods, Application and Reflexivity published by Routledge.

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• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Routledge; 1st edition (August 16, 2021)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 290 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0367028611
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0367028619
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.15 pounds
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6.14 x 0.85 x 9.21 inches

About the author

Takamitsu jimura.

Dr Takamitsu Jimura is Programme Manager for MSc International Tourism Management and Senior Lecturer in Tourism at Liverpool John Moores University. Takamitsu holds a PhD in Tourism and Cultural Heritage Management and an MSc in Tourism, Conservation and Sustainable Development. His key research interests include cultural heritage and tourism, tourism marketing and sustainable tourism. Takamitsu is especially interested in exploring the impacts of World Heritage Site (WHS) designation on tourism development, local communities, and heritage management and conservation activities.

He is the author of a number of monograph, journal articles and book chapters and one of the co-editors of the book, 'Tourism Ethnographies: Ethics, Methods, Application and Reflexivity' (Routledge, 2019). His latest monograph is 'World Heritage Sites: Tourism, Local Communities and Conservation Activities' (CABI, 2019). The monograph is the results of his long years of research on WHSs. In addition, he has been invited to international conferences as a keynote speaker.

He is currently working on a monograph that looks at cultural heritage and tourism in Japan and a co-edited book that focuses on cultural heritage, tourism and urban regeneration.

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Japan Heritage

What is a Japan Heritage?

It is the collection of stories that weave together the unique characteristics and histories of various regions. These narratives encapsulate Japan’s cultures and traditions, and are designated so by the country’s Agency for Cultural Affairs. Go checkout the official site for more detailed information.

Through seven Japan Heritage stories we will share with you the history and unique culture of Shimane Prefecture. 

Tsuwano Then and Now -Exploring the Town of Tsuwano Through the One Hundred Landscapes of Tsuwano-

Izumo Tatara Chronicle -A Thousand Years of Iron-

The Sunset in the Sacred Land of Izumo -Sunset Created by the Gods-

Merchant Ships Carrying Goods, Culture, and Big Dreams (Hokkaido, Aomori, Akita, Yamagata, Niigata, Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo, Tottori, Shimane, Okayama, Hiroshima, Kagawa Prefectures)

A Mythical World Where Gods and Demons are Alive -Kagura, Passed Down Through the Generations in Iwami-

Experience Masuda, A Masterpiece of Medieval Japan -The Time for Masuda has Come Again-

Immortalized in History by the Volcanoes of Iwami -Take a Journey and Discover the "Jomon-no-Mori" and "Shirogane-no-Yama"-

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Please note you do not have access to teaching notes, world heritage and cultural tourism in japan.

International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research

ISSN : 1750-6182

Article publication date: 12 October 2010

This paper aims to examine a conflict between local élites and local forest workers in relation to the designation of Kumano Kodo in Japan as a World Heritage site. Aesthetics of landscapes are highly politicized, which creates conflicts for forest workers.

Design/methodology/approach

The study examines two concepts of “heritage” and “authenticity,” that World Heritage emphasizes. Types of authenticity are compared, and a post‐structuralist's model of authenticity is developed. The study uses empirical research data to show a process of authentication of tourist sites.

The value associated with World Heritage, while proclaimed as “universal value”, represents a Eurocentric hegemonic power that local élites use symbolically. The construction of Kumano Kodo as a World Heritage site entails masking local histories and memories.

Originality/value

Many scholars discuss heritage sites from the viewpoint of a conflict between nationalism and globalism. This paper, however, views heritage tourism from multiple perspectives, such as globalism, cosmopolitanism and localism.

• Globalization

Yasuda, H. (2010), "World heritage and cultural tourism in Japan", International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research , Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 366-375. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506181011081532

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How to plan the ultimate trip to Japan

Tradition and ritual are still vital in the daily life of this pacific nation, whether exploring neon-lit metropolises and onsen spa towns or mountain trails and subtropical islands.

Known as Edo under the rule of the shoguns — Japan’s military rulers — until 1868, Tokyo sits at the centre of a historic web spanning the island of Honshu. It’s a captivating mega-city where old Japan’s precisely clipped gardens and great scarlet shrines rub up against TeamLab high-tech art galleries and Harajuku fashion shops. The   country’s modern capital is also the natural jumping-off point for a cultural tour. Covering both big-hitters and hidden highlights, this itinerary strikes out from Tokyo’s towering skyscrapers.

First head to the less-visited north of the country, where cobblestones have been smoothed by the braided shoes of samurai, and temples hide among quiet forests. Castles, mountains and crafts are all present here — and travellers who make the effort to venture past Tokyo are rewarded with fewer crowds.

After that, the itinerary heads west to Hiroshima via Kyoto and Osaka, covering an ever-popular pantheon of cultural wonders. Here, you’ll find the buzz and neon of new Japan — a world of packed bars and Pokemon —   but also preserved villages, bygone trading cities and the glories of former capitals. There are rewarding detours, too. See where Chinese influence swept in at Kanazawa, a city of gold-leaf crafting, tea ceremonies and traditional gardens; and make time for Nara, Japan’s first fixed capital and a city to rival Kyoto for its temples. Travellers should also take a side trip to Kobe for its Wagyu: prized beef with marbled meat, widely considered the world’s best.

Where to go in Japan

1. Aizu-Wakamatsu This town was the last samurai hold-out in the 1868 rebellion against the Meiji government that formed when shogun rule ended. The conflict is memorialised at Iimoriyama, a hill where a troop of teenage samurai committed suicide as they faced defeat. Visit the reconstructed Tsuruga Castle and magical Sazaedo Pagoda with its spiralling, sticker-strewn stairs, and taste sakes at historic Suehiro brewery, founded in the Edo era.

2. Nikko Work on this sweeping shrine and temple complex was begun to honour the first shogun of the Edo era, Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616). Flamboyant and justifiably popular, the monuments are scattered among beech and oak forest, rearing out of the deep green in slashes of scarlet, pistachio and sapphire. Visitors gather inside the complex under a famous carving of the three monkeys seeing, hearing and speaking no evil. Outside, seek out the photogenic red Shinkyo bridge.

3. Shirakawa-go Cross a suspension bridge over the luminous Sho River to reach this traditional village of A-frame gassho-zukuri houses. The angled roofs — some of them 250 years old, and all built without nails —   were designed to withstand heavy snowfall and create attic space for silkworm cultivation. Visitors can stay in a lodge overnight to soak in the past, learn about silk culture, visit the Myozenji temple and try their hand at local crafts.

4. Kyoto Though it suffers from overtourism, Kyoto’s high concentration of historical and cultural treasures means it remains one of Japan’s most beautiful and rewarding cities to visit. Explore less-crowded temples such as the wooden, hilltop Shinnyodo, and Sanjusangendo with its 1,001 human-sized Kannon goddess statues. Add on lesser-known alternatives to popular sites, like the Fushimi sake district near the Fushimi Inari shrine, and take a river cruise from Arashiyama after a visit to its popular bamboo groves.

5. Minami, Osaka Often seen as Tokyo’s alter ego, Osaka is the grittier and perhaps more fun-loving sister-city to Japan’s capital. Streetwear and street food rule supreme here — and kinetic downtown Minami around Namba Station is the place to snack and feast. Shops and stalls spill out into the neighbourhood’s over-the-top illuminated streets; try takoyaki (deep-fried octopus balls), crispy kara-age chicken, glazed yakitori meat skewers and sweet taiyaki cakes.

6. Hiroshima The first targeted atomic bomb of the Second World War levelled the thriving castle city of Hiroshima in 1945. Rebuilt with incredible speed, today Hiroshima stands as a monument to peace. It’s also an attractive modern city in its own right. Visit the moving Peace Museum, Peace Park and stark skeleton of the Atomic Bomb Dome — one of the sole structures to survive the bomb. Leave time to also try a noisy izakaya (traditional bar) with local-style okonomiyaki (savoury pancake), and pay a visit to Van Gogh and Monet at the Museum of Art.

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The Best Time to Visit Japan—and How Many Days to Stay

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The best time to visit Japan is always, honestly. Beyond c herry blossom season , there’s autumn foliage to enjoy against the backdrop of Osaka Castle or the many temples of Kyoto ; there are the magnificent summer festivals that beckon travelers not just from abroad but from all over the country itself; and of course in winter, there’s powder snow in Hokkaido and cool temperatures that let you enjoy Tokyo to its fullest from sunrise to midnight. Whenever you go to Japan, you’ll have a good time no matter the type of trip you take, culinary, cultural, or otherwise.

But there are certainly strategies for travelers to make the most of the time they spend in Japan. (Given its reputation as a technologically-advanced destination, optimization in Japan is only natural.) To get some of the best tips for Japan, we spoke to Condé Nast Traveler Top Travel Specialists to get their take on how to plan for a trip to the country: Amy Tadehara and Chris Wiggin, the senior travel consultant and Japan product executive, respectively, of InsideJapan Tours ; and Andres Zuleta , founder of Boutique Japan offer their expert insight into visiting Japan, from when to go, what to bring (pack light!), and where to see those ever-popular cherry blossoms.

Below, read about the best time to visit Japan, as well as tips for when to book cheap flights, the etiquette to know so you can explore Japan respectfully, and the cities to see when you’re in the country for the first time.

This article has been updated with new information since its original publish date.

Beyond cherry blossom season in the spring, Japan has plenty to offer tourists in the summer, fall, and winter too.

When is the best time to go to Japan?

Winter is the best time to visit Japan for an all-purpose trip. Zuleta of Boutique Japan recommends going after the New Year’s rush: “From around January 15 to March 15, you can almost feel as if you have the country to yourself. The exception is at winter resorts, which will be crowded with skiers and snowboarders.” Tadehara and Wiggin of InsideJapan Tours add that the cooler temperatures in winter make Japan’s hot spring onsens all the more enjoyable; plus, the air is usually much clearer in winter, letting travelers see the majesty of Mt. Fuji from more high points around the country. Just be sure to avoid the winter holidays themselves, when there are significant closures—many shops, restaurants, and other places of interest close for several days or longer around this time of year.

However, as with most destinations anywhere in the world, there are good reasons to go to Japan, regardless of season . When you should go depends on what you’re looking for. In the spring, you of course have cherry blossom season—a gorgeous, yet crowded and expensive time of year. Fall is similar; the autumn foliage draws travelers, making Japan’s most popular cities just as crowded as in the spring. Summers in Japan are hot and humid, so they’re not for everyone, but Zuleta says the countless matsuri , or festivals, and can be a lively time of year to be in Japan; domestic Japanese tourists will be more abundant at this time, Tadehara says, so be prepared for crowds if you join the locals to celebrate.

Be mindful that, as ever, overtourism is a concern in a perennial tourist favorite like Japan: If peak seasons are the best times for your visit, travel specialists like InsideJapan Tours and Boutique Japan can help organize itineraries to less crowded but just-as-beautiful places in the country.

When is the cheapest time to go to Japan?

The cheapest time to visit Japan is in January and February, according to Wiggins and Tadehara—after the peak holiday season and before the rush of cherry blossom chasers. “Hotels, flights, and experiences will all be cheaper than prices during the rest of the year, despite still providing world-class service to guests,” they say.

Japan doesn’t tend to have low seasons when prices drop significantly, as it’s a year-round destination, Zuleta says. That said, the yen continues to be at a very favorable exchange rate to the dollar: “It’s worth keeping in mind that prices on the ground in Japan tend to be surprisingly reasonable.”

As for the facts and figures for flights: September is statistically the cheapest month to fly to Japan, according to Laura Lindsay, the destination and travel trends expert at Skyscanner . At this time, in 2023, roundtrip fares in economy class were about $800, traveling between Japan and the United States. The most expensive time to go is summer time, when most families in the US take their vacations; roundtrip flights to Japan in economy class averaged $1400.

When is peak travel season in Japan?

Springtime in Japan is undoubtedly the peak travel season because of cherry blossom season, say Wiggins and Tadehara. “Overcrowding of famous sites in Kyoto and Tokyo has resulted in tourists having to wait in excessively long lines. As a result, they plan spring trips years ahead of time to secure their spot.”

To mitigate the effects of overtourism, Wiggins and Tadehara suggest the lesser-known regions of Japan that still have breathtaking cherry blossom vistas, even if they’re not as well-known as Kyoto: “In western and central Japan, mountain towns like Fukui, Tonami, and Toyama have developed their tourism industries to support travelers seeking a less hectic but equally meaningful visit to Japan to see the cherry blossoms.”

I’m visiting Japan for the first time. Which cities should I visit?

For first-timers to Japan, Tokyo and Kyoto are the must-visit cities, and for good reason. Tokyo has so much to offer that one can’t truly see everything in just one trip—and that’s the beauty of it, Zuleta says: “It's an incredibly layered city with quiet, charming neighborhoods as well as bustling neon-filled districts. It can be easy to have a touristy experience in Tokyo that barely scratches the surface without proper preparation. But with some research or the help of a travel specialist, you can get under the surface of this eclectic, ultra-walkable city, which abounds with adorable backstreets, cozy cafés and restaurants, amazing shops and art, and more.”

While Kyoto is best known as a haven for astoundingly rich Japanese culture and history, Zuleta says that the city is also home to a thriving contemporary culture, with inspiring design, cuisine, and arts. “Like Tokyo, it's sadly too easy to fall into tourist traps and Instagram black holes, but with proper research or guidance, Kyoto is simply magnificent and a worthwhile destination.”

To complement the cities, first-timers should spend at least a night or two at the rural traditional inns, called ryokan , somewhere in the countryside. There are beautiful ryokan all over the country, so the options for this are virtually endless. Zuleta suggests going to the lush Izu Peninsula ; and the hot springs of Kaga Onsen , near the historic city of Kanazawa.

For first-timers to Japan, Tokyo and Kyoto are the must-visit cities, and for good reason.

How many days would I need to spend in Japan

As a first timer.

To get the most of a first-time trip to the country, all our travel experts recommend a trip of 10 to 14 days. This is an ample amount of time to explore both Tokyo and Kyoto, as well as some of the more rural towns in between, or even to see other nearby cities where there’s plenty to do, like Osaka, best known as Japan’s kitchen for its exemplary food scene; and Kobe, named one of our Best Places to Go in 2024 for its ascendant design circuit.

Still, Zuleta emphasizes that any time you can spend in Japan is time well spent: “On the one hand, the more time you have the better. On the other hand, even with a week in Japan you can experience a lot, without too much rushing around. My advice would be to take any opportunity you have to visit, even if it's not necessarily as long as you wish you had.”

What else should I know before visiting Japan?

If it’s your first time to Japan, the etiquette and cultural expectations can seem complicated and overwhelming. “The good news is that most Japanese people don't expect visitors to know all the ins and outs of Japanese etiquette,” says Zuleta of Boutique Japan. Still, it’s important to always be respectful of the locals and follow their lead. For example, if all the people around you on the shinkansen (bullet train) are relaxing quietly, it would be considered very disrespectful to ruin the vibe by chatting loudly with your fellow travelers.

That said, Zuleta emphasizes one particular cultural guideline in Japan: non-essential dietary requests and preferences . If you have an allergy or a religious dietary requirement, it’s important to give the restaurant, hotel, or ryokan significant advance notice , preferably when you book multiple days ahead of time. The staff can then say they will be able to help you, or kindly inform you that they cannot accommodate your need. “But otherwise, catering to individuals’ dietary preferences is not a common practice in Japanese culture,” Zuleta says. “Requests to modify menus—especially at the last minute—can be seen as highly disrespectful.” Again, part of being a good traveler is to respect the local culture, wherever you go, so adaptability and advance planning is key.

Wiggins and Tadehara of InsideJapan Tours also suggest packing light : “Most people coming back from Japan always tell us that they wish they had packed less because Japan’s accommodation spaces and transportation systems are traditionally smaller than western counterparts. Bulky suitcases can become quite a hassle when navigating public transport and or carrying luggage up stairs—many traditional ryokan properties do not have elevators.”

Finally, whether it’s your first or tenth visit to Japan, get comfortable with the fact that you cannot see everything Japan has to offer in one trip —let alone one lifetime. Instead of stressing about packing as much in as possible into your itinerary, try to relax and take in the cities and sub-regions of Japan on slower-paced journeys for a better overall experience. You’ll have all the more reason to return as soon as you can.

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• Immerse yourself in Kyoto's silk weaving heritage at the Nishijin Textile Center, where you can witness artisans at work and even try your hand at weaving.
• Don't miss the chance to explore traditional workshops, learn the intricate process from cocoon to loom, and shop for authentic Nishijin-ori silk items like kimonos and scarves.
• It's a unique way to connect with Kyoto's culture and bring home a personal souvenir.

Unraveling Kyoto's silk weaving heritage, Japan

Kyoto, a city where traditional Japanese culture flourishes, is famous for its silk weaving industry. This ancient craft, known as Nishijin-ori , has been preserved in Kyoto for over a thousand years. Visitors to Kyoto can explore workshops and showrooms where artisans craft intricate designs on silk. They offer a unique glimpse into Japan 's rich cultural heritage through this enduring art form.

Visit the Nishijin Textile Center

The Nishijin Textile Center is the perfect starting point for anyone interested in Kyoto's silk weaving tradition. Here, visitors can watch live demonstrations of weavers at work, showcasing the skill and precision involved in creating Nishijin-ori textiles. The center also offers kimono fashion shows, providing a colorful display of this iconic Japanese garment made from the finest silk.

Explore traditional workshops

For those eager to dive deeper into the world of silk weaving, visiting traditional workshops around Kyoto is a must. Many of these family-run establishments open their doors to tourists, offering guided tours that explain the intricate process of silk weaving from cocoon to loom. It's an exceptional opportunity to witness firsthand the dedication and craftsmanship that goes into each piece of fabric.

Try your hand at weaving

Several studios in Kyoto offer workshops where visitors can try their hand at weaving under the guidance of experienced artisans. These sessions not only provide a practical understanding of the weaving process but also allow participants to create their own silk masterpiece. It's an unforgettable way to connect with Kyoto's cultural heritage and bring home a personal souvenir.

Shop for authentic silk goods

No visit to Kyoto is complete without exploring stores filled with authentic Nishijin-ori silk items. Shops display kimonos , obis (sash belts), purses, and scarves, showcasing centuries-old patterns and techniques. Buying these silk products supports local artisans and offers travelers unique gifts or keepsakes. They connect them with Kyoto's cultural heritage and the artistry of Nishijin-ori textiles.

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Hong kong tourism board, mid-autumn lantern carnivals 2024.

The Mid-Autumn Festival is a vibrant celebration rich in Chinese traditions and folk culture. Apart from the spectacular lantern displays at the Mid-Autumn Lantern Carnivals, there will be stage performances by arts groups from Mainland China as well as elements of intangible cultural heritage, such as traditional lantern displays, fire dragon dances, and folk craft demonstrations from Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, showcasing the charm of Chinese culture and the festival. Photo | © Leisure and Cultural Services Department

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Mid-Autumn Lantern Display: 6 September – 6 October 2024; Urban Mid-Autumn Lantern Carnival & New Territories Mid-Autumn Lantern Carnival: 12–18 September 2024

Lighting-up time: 6:30–11pm *The hours will be extended to midnight on 17 September

Mid-Autumn Lantern Display: Hong Kong Cultural Centre Piazza; Urban Mid-Autumn Lantern Carnival: Victoria Park; New Territories Mid-Autumn Lantern Carnival: Tsing Yi Park

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